If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN SURGICAL UNPUBLISHED
HOSPITAL, July 2, 2020
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v No. 348626
Wayne Circuit Court
AUTO CLUB INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, LC No. 19-000222-AV
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: STEPHENS, P.J., and O’BRIEN and REDFORD, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
The issue in this case is whether a healthcare provider sending a bill to a no-fault insurer
amounts to written notification of a claim under MCL 500.3112 of the no-fault act. The district
court ruled that it did, and the circuit court denied defendant leave to appeal. We granted
defendant’s application for leave to appeal,1 and now reverse.
I. BACKGROUND
In June 2016, David Toma was injured in a motor vehicle accident. Toma was insured by
defendant. In July 2017, Toma sued defendant for recovery of personal protection insurance (PIP)
benefits.
On August 1, 2017, Toma received medical services from plaintiff. That same day, Toma
and plaintiff executed an assignment of rights, in which Toma assigned to plaintiff the right to
collect no-fault benefits on Toma’s behalf to pay for plaintiff’s services. Plaintiff sent Toma’s
medical bills to defendant, and defendant received those bills on August 28, 2017. In May 2018,
1
Southeast Mich Surgical Hosp v Auto Club Ins Ass’n, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals,
entered June 7, 2019 (Docket No. 348626).
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Toma and defendant reached a settlement. As part of that settlement, Toma released defendant
from all PIP claims incurred from the date of the accident through April 10, 2018.
On July 2, 2018, plaintiff sued defendant requesting payment for the services plaintiff
provided to Toma in August 2017. Plaintiff attached to its complaint the assignment of rights
executed by Toma. Defendant moved for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(7) and (10),
arguing that plaintiff’s claim was barred by defendant’s settlement agreement with Toma. The
district court requested additional briefing on whether the medical bill that defendant received on
August 28, 2017, was sufficient to place defendant on notice of plaintiff’s claim under MCL
500.3112. That statute states in relevant part, “Payment by an insurer in good faith of personal
protection insurance benefits, to or for the benefit of a person who it believes is entitled to the
benefits, discharges the insurer’s liability to the extent of the payments unless the insurer has been
notified in writing of the claim of some other person.” MCL 500.3112 (emphasis added). After
receiving the additional briefing, the district court denied defendant’s motion.
Defendant filed for leave to appeal in the circuit court, which the circuit court denied.
Defendant then filed for leave to appeal in this Court, which was granted.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court reviews a circuit court’s denial of an application for leave to appeal for an abuse
of discretion. Teddy 23 v Mich Film Office, 313 Mich App 557, 564; 884 NW2d 799 (2015). An
error of law is necessarily an abuse of discretion. Kidder v Ptacin, 284 Mich App 166, 170; 771
NW2d 806 (2009).
This Court reviews de novo a trial court’s decision to grant or deny summary disposition.
Rory v Continental Ins Co, 473 Mich 457, 464; 703 NW2d 23 (2005). Defendant moved for
summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(7) and (10). MCR 2.116(C)(7) permits summary
disposition where a claim is barred by release. Maiden v Rozwood, 461 Mich 109, 118 n 3; 597
NW2d 817 (1999). MCR 2.116(C)(10) permits summary disposition where “there is no genuine
issue as to any material fact, and the moving party is entitled to judgment or partial judgment as a
matter of law.”
This case ultimately comes down to whether the district court correctly interpreted MCL
500.3112, and, relatedly, whether the circuit court made an error of law by accepting the district
court’s interpretation. Thus, this case turns on an issue of statutory interpretation, and issues of
statutory interpretation are reviewed de novo. Hannay v Dep’t of Transp, 497 Mich 45, 57; 860
NW2d 67 (2014).
III. ANALYSIS
The facts in this case are not in dispute. Plaintiff provided medical services to Toma on
August 1, 2017. On the same date, Toma assigned to plaintiff his rights to collect no-fault benefits
for those services. On August 28, 2017, defendant received plaintiff’s bill for those services. In
May 2018, Toma and defendant reached a settlement agreement wherein Toma released defendant
from any PIP claims incurred from the date of the accident through April 10, 2018.
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The question on appeal is whether that settlement agreement discharged defendant’s
liability to plaintiff, who was seeking to collect from defendant by way of an assignment of rights
from Toma. The answer to this question turns on MCL 500.3112, which at the time relevant to
this appeal stated:
Personal protection insurance benefits are payable to or for the benefit of an injured
person or, in case of his or her death, to or for the benefit of his or her dependents.
Payment by an insurer in good faith of personal protection insurance benefits, to
or for the benefit of a person who it believes is entitled to the benefits, discharges
the insurer’s liability to the extent of the payments unless the insurer has been
notified in writing of the claim of some other person. If there is doubt about the
proper person to receive the benefits or the proper apportionment among the
persons entitled to the benefits, the insurer, the claimant, or any other interested
person may apply to the circuit court for an appropriate order. [Emphasis added.]
Based on MCL 500.3112, if defendant (the insurer) had “been notified in writing of the claim of
some other person,” like plaintiff,2 then defendant’s settlement with Toma did not successfully
discharge defendant’s liability to pay Toma’s no-fault benefits to plaintiff.
In Covenant Med Ctr, Inc v State Farm Mut Auto Ins Co, 500 Mich 191, 195; 895 NW2d
490 (2017), our Supreme Court held that a healthcare provider like plaintiff does not possess a
statutory cause of action to recover PIP benefits from a no-fault insurer like defendant.3 During
the course of that opinion, the Court addressed the definition of “claim” under MCL 500.3112,
stating:
Because the no-fault act does not define “claim,” we may consult a dictionary
definition. The relevant dictionary definitions of “claim” include “a demand for
something due or believed to be due” and “a right to something.” Merriam-
Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed). Therefore, to have a “claim” under the
no-fault act, a provider must have a right to payment of PIP benefits from a no-fault
insurer. [Covenant, 500 Mich at 211 n 31 (citation omitted).]
We find this portion of Covenant dispositive for the issue on appeal. “Claim,” as that term is used
in MCL 500.3112, means “a right to payment of PIP benefits from a no-fault insurer.” Id. The
bill that plaintiff sent to defendant merely put defendant on notice that plaintiff provided medical
services to Toma; it did not put defendant on notice that plaintiff had a “claim” to PIP benefits.
As held by Covenant, plaintiff did not have a statutory cause of action for PIP benefits from
defendant, but could recover PIP benefits if the insured (Toma) assigned his rights to plaintiff. See
2
Because the parties do not address it, we assume for purposes of this opinion that “person” in
MCL 500.3112 includes healthcare providers like plaintiff.
3
The no-fault act was substantially amended by 2019 PA 21, effective June 11, 2019, but “this
case was commenced before the amendment and, therefore, it is controlled by the former
provisions of the no-fault act.” George v Allstate Ins Co, ___ Mich App ___, ___; ___ NW2d ___
(2019) (Docket No. 341876); slip op at 3 n 3.
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id. at 218 n 40. Thus, defendant would only be on notice that plaintiff had a “claim” under MCL
500.3112—meaning that plaintiff had “a right to payment of PIP benefits from a no-fault insurer,”
id. at 211 n 31—if plaintiff provided defendant with notice of the assignment of rights plaintiff
executed with Toma. Toma’s medical bill from plaintiff, without more, did not put defendant on
notice that plaintiff had a “claim” under MCL 500.3112.
Plaintiff argues that we should disregard Covenant’s discussion of MCL 500.3112 because
it was done in context of deciding whether a healthcare provider had a statutory cause of action
against a no-fault insurer, not deciding what constituted a “claim” under MCL 500.3112. While
true, we do not see that as a reason to ignore Covenant’s clear explanation for what constitutes a
“claim” under MCL 500.3112.4
Alternatively, plaintiff contends that we should define “claim” by looking to a dictionary.
We see no need to consult a dictionary because our Supreme Court in Covenant already instructed
us as to the meaning of “claim” as used in MCL 500.3112. Moreover, the Covenant Court
consulted a dictionary to derive the meaning “claim,” and we see nothing wrong with the definition
that the Covenant Court arrived at. We therefore reject plaintiff’s invitation to consult a dictionary
to derive our own, different meaning.
In sum, our Supreme Court in Covenant explained that “to have a ‘claim’ under the no-
fault act, a provider must have a right to payment of PIP benefits from a no-fault insurer.”
Covenant, 500 Mich at 211 n 31. Because healthcare providers only have a right to payment of
PIP benefits from a no-fault insurer if they have an assignment of rights from the insured, a medical
bill without an accompanying notice of an assignment of rights is not notice of a claim under MCL
500.3112. Thus, defendant was not “notified in writing of the claim of some other person,”5 so its
4
As part of its argument, plaintiff contends that Covenant is not controlling because it never
analyzed the phrase “notified in writing of a claim.” Yet everyone agrees that defendant was
“notified in writing of” plaintiff’s medical bill for Toma. The only question is what that bill
notified defendant of. That is, the only question is whether the bill notified defendant of plaintiff’s
claim. Thus, Covenant’s explanation of what constitutes a “claim” is directly on point.
5
We question whether plaintiff, as a healthcare provider, is a “person” that can make a claim under
MCL 500.3112. When discussing the sentence at issue, our Supreme Court in Covenant stated:
We need not decide precisely to whom this sentence applies in order to conclude
that it does not confer on a healthcare provider the right to sue for payment of
benefits. It seems, however, that this sentence is likely applicable primarily to
dependents and survivors given that the end of the statute pertains to the allocation
of benefits to those groups of persons. [Covenant, 500 Mich at 211 n 32.]
More pointedly, the Covenant Court stated:
Plaintiff argues that a healthcare provider qualifies as a “person” for purposes of
the third sentence of MCL 500.3112 given that the Insurance Code, in MCL
500.114, defines the word “person” to include corporate entities, like healthcare
providers. But this Court long ago recognized that, given its inconsistent use
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settlement with Toma discharged its liability. MCL 500.3112. Defendant was therefore entitled
to summary disposition.
Reversed.
/s/ Cynthia Diane Stephens
/s/ Colleen A. O’Brien
/s/ James Robert Redford
throughout the no-fault act, “the term ‘person’ must be construed in the exact
context in which it is used to ascertain its precise meaning.” Belcher v Aetna Cas
and Surety Co, 409 Mich 231, 258; 293 NW2d 594 (1980). Plaintiff has not
explained why “person,” in the context of the third sentence of MCL 500.3112,
refers to a corporate entity like a healthcare provider. [Covenant, 500 Mich at 212
n 33.]
Given our disposition of this case, we need not address whether plaintiff is a “person” to which
MCL 500.3112 applies.
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