[Cite as State v. Tillett, 2020-Ohio-3836.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2019-11-192
: OPINION
- vs - 7/27/2020
:
PAUL E. TILLETT, SR., :
Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CR2019-07-1079
Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, John C. Heinkel, Government
Services Center, 315 High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for appellee
Christopher P. Frederick, 300 High Street, Suite 550, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for appellant
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, Paul E. Tillett, Sr., appeals from the 60-month prison sentence he
received in the Butler County Court of Common Pleas following his convictions for gross
sexual imposition. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm his sentence.
{¶2} On July 17, 2019, appellant was indicted on one count of rape of a child under
10 years of age in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), a felony of the first degree, two counts
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of gross sexual imposition involving a child less than 13 years of age in violation of R.C.
2907.05(A)(4), felonies of the third degree, and one count of public indecency in violation
of R.C. 2907.09(B)(1), a misdemeanor of the second degree. The charges arose out of
allegations that nearly ten years ago, between January 26, 2009 and August 8, 2011,
appellant sexually abused his granddaughter when she was between the ages of six and
nine.
{¶3} On September 26, 2019, following plea negotiations, appellant pled guilty to
two counts of gross sexual imposition in exchange for the remaining charges being
dismissed. By pleading guilty, appellant admitted to having sexual contact with the victim
by touching the victim's vaginal area and by having the victim touch his penis for the purpose
of sexual arousal or gratification. Appellant agreed that the two offenses involved separate
acts committed at separate times and that the two offenses were not allied offenses. The
trial court accepted appellant's guilty plea and found him guilty of the offenses. The court
revoked appellant's bond, ordered that a presentence-investigative report (PSI) be
prepared, and set the matter for sentencing on October 31, 2019.
{¶4} At the sentencing hearing, the trial court heard from defense counsel,
appellant, the victim, and the victim's stepmother. Defense counsel noted that appellant
was 76 years old, had served as a pastor for 38 years, had no prior criminal record or pretrial
supervision violations, suffered from serious health issues, and was the primary caregiver
for his wife of 56 years, who required 24-hour care. Counsel also noted that appellant had
taken responsibility and was remorseful for his actions. Appellant then spoke, stating he
was "very sorry" and that he, like the victim, has "ha[d] a hard time." Appellant indicated he
had been sexually abused by a relative when he was a child. Appellant spoke of his and
his wife's medical issues, noted he had never been in trouble before, and stated that the
victim had suggested that they keep the sexual contact a secret.
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{¶5} The victim's stepmother discussed the effect the offenses has had on the
victim, noting that the victim has become withdrawn, suffers from depression, anxiety, and
low self-esteem, and cries herself to sleep at night. The victim advised the court that as a
result of appellant's actions, she has felt unhappy, lost, and scared for the past ten years.
The victim stated she no longer trusted anyone and believed the only way for her to heal
was for appellant to be "locked away for as many years as he had the secret [abuse] locked
away."
{¶6} The trial court announced appellant's sentence, stating that in fashioning the
sentence it had considered the record before it, the PSI, the statements made by defense
counsel and appellant, the victim impact statements, character reference letters submitted
on behalf of appellant, the principles and purposes of felony sentencing pursuant to R.C.
2929.11, and the seriousness and recidivism factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12. The trial
court noted that there was a presumption of prison for the offenses and found that appellant
was not amenable to community control. The court sentenced appellant to 60-month prison
terms on each count of gross sexual imposition and ran the sentences concurrently to each
other. Appellant was classified as a tier II sex offender, ordered to pay court costs and
$3,800 in restitution, and advised that he would be subject to five years of mandatory
postrelease control upon his release from prison.
{¶7} Appellant appealed his sentence, raising the following as his only assignment
of error:
{¶8} THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR WHEN IT SENTENCED
[APPELLANT] TO A TERM OF 60 MONTHS IN ODRC.
{¶9} In his sole assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court erred when it
imposed 60-month prison terms for his convictions for gross sexual imposition as the
sentences were not supported by the record and go against the principles and purposes of
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felony sentencing. Appellant contends that when considering the purposes and principles
of sentencing under R.C. 2929.11, as well as the seriousness and recidivism factors set
forth in R.C. 2929.12, the record demonstrates that "[a] community control sanction with an
order of probationary monitoring would have been in the best interest of the community."
{¶10} An appellate court reviews an imposed sentence under the standard of review
set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), which governs all felony sentences. State v. Marcum, 146
Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, ¶ 1; State v. Crawford, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-
12-088, 2013-Ohio-3315, ¶ 6. Pursuant to that statute, an appellate court does not review
the sentencing court's decision for an abuse of discretion. Marcum at ¶ 10. Rather, R.C.
2953.08(G)(2) compels an appellate court to modify or vacate a sentence only if the
appellate court finds by clear and convincing evidence that "the record does not support the
trial court's findings under relevant statutes or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to
law." Id. at ¶ 1. A sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law where the trial
court "considers the principles and purposes of R.C. 2929.11, as well as the factors listed
in R.C. 2929.12, properly imposes postrelease control, and sentences the defendant within
the permissible statutory range." State v. Ahlers, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2015-06-100,
2016-Ohio-2890, ¶ 8; State v. Julious, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2015-12-224, 2016-Ohio-
4822, ¶ 8. Thus, this court may "increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence only
when it clearly and convincingly finds that the sentence is (1) contrary to law or (2)
unsupported by the record." State v. Brandenburg, 146 Ohio St.3d 221, 2016-Ohio-2970,
¶ 1, citing Marcum at ¶ 7.
{¶11} R.C. 2907.05(C)(2) provides that "there is a presumption that a prison term
shall be imposed for the offense" of gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C.
2907.05(A)(4). In fashioning an appropriate sanction for a defendant convicted of gross
sexual imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), "it is presumed that a prison term is
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necessary in order to comply with the purposes and principles of sentencing under section
2929.11 of the Revised Code." R.C. 2929.13(D)(1).
{¶12} The purposes of felony sentencing are to protect the public from future crime
by the offender, to punish the offender, and to promote the effective rehabilitation of the
offender using the minimum sanctions that the court determines accomplish those purposes
without imposing an unnecessary burden on state or local government resources. R.C.
2929.11(A). A felony sentence must be reasonably calculated to achieve the purposes set
forth in R.C. 2929.11(A) "commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the
offender's conduct and its impact on the victim, and consistent with sentences imposed for
similar crimes committed by similar offenders." R.C. 2929.11(B). In sentencing a
defendant, a trial court is not required to consider each sentencing factor, but rather to
exercise its discretion in determining whether the sentence satisfies the overriding purpose
of Ohio's sentencing structure. State v. Littleton, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2016-03-060,
2016-Ohio-7544, ¶ 12. The factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12 are nonexclusive, and R.C.
2929.12 explicitly allows a trial court to consider any relevant factors in imposing a
sentence. State v. Birt, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-02-031, 2013-Ohio-1379, ¶ 64.
{¶13} After a thorough review of the record, we find no error in the trial court's
decision to sentence appellant to 60 months in prison for each of his third-degree felony
offenses for gross sexual imposition. The record plainly reveals that appellant's sentence
is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law as the court properly considered the
presumption of prison and found appellant was not amenable to community control
sanctions, considered the principles and purposes of R.C. 2929.11, as well as the factors
listed in R.C. 2929.12, sentenced appellant within the permissible statutory range for his
third-degree felonies in accordance with R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a), and properly imposed a
mandatory five-year term of postrelease control.
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{¶14} At the sentencing hearing, and in its sentencing entry, the trial court
specifically referenced R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. The court discussed the principles and
purposes of sentencing and looked at the seriousness and recidivism factors when
determining that appellant was not amenable to community control sanctions. The court
noted that appellant caused great harm to the victim and did so by taking advantage of his
familial relationship with the victim. The multiple offenses occurred as part of a course of
conduct and involved a very young, vulnerable victim. As the court noted, "these offenses
were kept secret and were a burden on the victim for a number of years" and the victim
"suffered a significant amount of emotional trauma as a result of the defendant's actions."
{¶15} Despite the seriousness of his conduct and the harm caused to the victim,
appellant maintains that certain mitigating factors demonstrate that a community control
sanction or, alternatively, a shorter prison term would have been a more appropriate
sentence. Appellant argues that his age, poor heath, responsibility to care for his wife, lack
of a criminal record and pretrial supervision violation, remorse for the offenses, and
acceptance of responsibility for his actions are factors demonstrating that he poses a low
likelihood of recidivism and weigh in favor of a less severe sanction being imposed.
Although appellant disagrees with the trial court's analysis and its balancing of the
seriousness and recidivism factors, it is "[t]he trial court [that], in imposing a sentence,
determines the weight afforded to any particular statutory factors, mitigating grounds, or
other relevant circumstances." State v Steger, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2006-03-059, 2016-
Ohio-7908, ¶ 18, citing State v. Stubbs, 10th Dist. Franklin No 13AP-810, 2014-Ohio-3696,
¶ 16. Given that this case involved multiple offenses that occurred over an extended period
of time, the victim was a young child, appellant held a position of trust as a close family
member, and the victim suffered psychological harm as a result of appellant's actions, we
find that the trial court did not err in imposing 60-month prison terms on each count of gross
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sexual imposition. See, e.g., State v. J.L.H., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 19AP-369, 2019-Ohio-
4999, ¶ 4-10 (upholding the trial court's imposition of 60-month prison terms on a
defendant's convictions for two counts of third-degree sexual battery where "there were
multiple offenses, the victim was a young child, the offenses occurred over an extended
period of one month, the victim was a relative, and [the defendant] held positions of trust as
the victim's step-grandfather and church minister").
{¶16} Accordingly, as the sentence imposed by the trial court was not contrary to
law and was supported by the record, we find no merit to appellant's arguments. Appellant's
sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶17} Judgment affirmed.
PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.
PIPER, J., concurring separately.
{¶18} While I concur with the majority's decision to affirm Tillett's sentence, I write
separately to emphasize the proper standard of review an appellate court is authorized to
employ when reviewing a felony sentence.
{¶19} An appellate court has only the authority to review sentences in the manner
proscribed by statute. State v. Williams, 148 Ohio St.3d 403, 2016-Ohio-7658. R.C.
2953.05(G)(2) confines our appellate authority when reviewing a felony sentence, and
provides, "the appellate court may take any action authorized by this division if it clearly and
convincingly finds either of the following:
(a) That the record does not support the sentencing court's
findings under division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division
(B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of section
2929.20 of the Revised Code, whichever, if any, is relevant;
(b) That the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.
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{¶20} Thus, and according to R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), our review of Tillett's sentence is
limited to reviewing whether his sentence is contrary to law. We do not, however, have the
authority to review whether the record supports the trial court's findings, as Tillett's
convictions are not implicated by R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a).
{¶21} Tillett was found guilty of two counts of gross sexual imposition in violation of
R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), both of which were felonies of the third degree. The trial court
sentenced Tillett to a concurrent sentence. Thus, Tillett's convictions do not permit a review
of the sentencing court's findings, as such were not made in accordance with R.C.
2929.13(B) or (D), R.C. 2929.14(B)(2)(e) or (C)(4), or R.C. 2929.20.
{¶22} This issue was recently addressed in State v. Gwynne, 158 Ohio St.3d 279,
2019-Ohio-4761 (Kennedy, J., concurring). Therein, Justice Kennedy opined that the
standard utilized by the majority herein, and first set forth in State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio
St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, is not the proper standard to use. Instead, Justice Kennedy
noted that the standard suggested in Marcum was dicta and unsupported by the clear
language of R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
{¶23} I recognize that Gwynne was a plurality decision, that the majority of the court
did not join in Justice Kennedy's concurrence, and that Gwynne did not overrule Marcum
expressly. However, those facts do not change the long-standing rules that an appellate
court's review must be authorized by Ohio's sentencing statutes, and a reviewing court has
no authority to take measures of review not expressly enumerated by statute.
{¶24} When reviewing a sentence, I am bound by statute, rather than dicta from the
Ohio Supreme Court. Thus, I would follow R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b) and confine my review to
whether Tillett's sentence is contrary to law. I understand some will urge that Marcum
provides appellate review as to whether the sentence is supported by the record beyond
the statutory references expressly stated in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Yet, I cannot ignore the
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Ohio Supreme Court's previous determinations, which clearly state our authorization to
review sentences comes only from statute.
{¶25} As noted by the majority, a sentence is not contrary to law where the trial court
considers the factors of R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, sentences the defendant in the proper
statutory range, and properly imposes postrelease control. I agree with the majority that
the trial court properly considered the requisite factors, sentenced Tillett within the proper
range, and properly imposed postrelease control. At this juncture, my authorized appellate
review of Tillett's sentence ceases. Thus, while I agree with the majority's decision to affirm
the trial court's sentence, I write separately to note my disagreement with the majority's
improper review of the trial court's findings to determine whether such were supported by
the record.
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