IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Thomas Kett, :
:
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 667 C.D. 2019
: Submitted: October 25, 2019
Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board (Consolidation Coal :
Company), :
:
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WOJCIK FILED: August 19, 2020
Thomas Kett (Claimant) petitions for review of the May 7, 2019 order
of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board), which affirmed the decision
of a workers’ compensation judge (WCJ) granting the petition to suspend benefits
filed by Consolidation Coal Company (Employer). We affirm.
On September 19, 2005, Claimant injured his left knee while in the
course and scope of his employment as a belt man for Employer. Employer issued
a notice of compensation payable acknowledging a medial meniscus tear of
Claimant’s left knee. Claimant underwent a partial knee replacement on January
23, 2007, and returned to work a few months later. He underwent a total knee
replacement on October 30, 2012. He did not return to work, and he received
temporary total disability benefits.
On July 11, 2016, Claimant filed reinstatement and penalty petitions,
alleging that Employer unilaterally stopped paying compensation on May 20,
2013. Employer filed an answer to each petition denying those allegations.
On July 22, 2016, Employer filed a petition to suspend Claimant’s
benefits, alleging that Employer offered Claimant work within his physical
restrictions as of May 16, 2013, and, further, that Claimant voluntarily removed
himself from the workforce as of May 29, 2013. Claimant filed an answer to the
suspension petition, and the petitions were consolidated for hearings before the
WCJ.
At the October 7, 2016 hearing, Claimant testified that he was off
work due to the work injury from September 20, 2005, to July 8, 2006, and then
returned to his regular job as a belt man. Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 87a. He
stated that he continued to have problems with his knee and had a partial knee
replacement in the beginning of 2007. Id. at 88a. Claimant said he returned to
work after a few months but stopped working again in October 2012, when he
underwent a total knee replacement. Id. at 88a-89a.
Claimant acknowledged that he received a letter from Andrea Weber,
a workers’ compensation administrator, offering him his regular job. R.R. at 89a.
Claimant testified that he did not accept Employer’s job offer, but instead informed
Scott Duvall, a safety employee, that he intended to retire. Id. at 90. Claimant
explained that, at the time, he was still experiencing tightening and pain in his left
knee and was having difficulty walking, and the belt work positions required
crawling and kneeling. Id. at 90a, 100a. After taking accumulated sick leave,
Claimant applied for his pension and social security disability benefits. Id. at 91a-
92a. Claimant testified that he continues to have pain and stiffness in his left knee,
2
but he did not seek medical treatment for his knee problems after May 2013. Id. at
93a.
Employer presented the February 23, 2017 deposition of Ari
Pressman, M.D., an orthopedic surgeon who treated Claimant for his left knee
injury from December 1, 2005, through May 23, 2013. Dr. Pressman testified that
his physician’s assistant (PA) conducted a physical examination of Claimant’s left
knee on April 26, 2013. R.R. at 51a. The PA’s note reflected that Claimant had
been discharged from physical therapy; he was to begin a self-directed exercise
program; and he was to be reassessed by Dr. Pressman in approximately four
weeks. Id. at 54a. Dr. Pressman relied on the PA’s physical examination of
Claimant to evaluate Claimant’s ability to return to work, and he completed a
physical capabilities checklist on April 26, 2013. Id. at 55a.
Dr. Pressman released Claimant to return to work on May 1, 2013.
He did not believe that Claimant had achieved maximum medical improvement,
and he restricted Claimant from crawling or kneeling, lifting more than 75 pounds,
and standing for more than five to eight hours. R.R. at 55a. Dr. Pressman next
saw Claimant on May 23, 2013. Id. at 57a. He testified that Claimant did not
complain about his left knee during that visit, and x-rays of Claimant’s left knee
taken on that date looked normal. Dr. Pressman stated that the primary reason for
Claimant’s last visit involved pain in his right shoulder and difficulty gripping with
his right hand.
Weber testified that she was a workers’ compensation administrator
for Healthsmart and was responsible for Employer’s workers’ compensation
claims. Weber testified that she received the physical capabilities checklist from
Dr. Pressman on May 9, 2013. R.R. at 116a. She forwarded that information to
3
Employer’s human resources person and asked if Employer would be able to
accommodate Claimant’s restrictions. Id. at 117a. She then informed Claimant
that Employer would be able to accommodate the restrictions reflected on Dr.
Pressman’s physical capabilities checklist, and she confirmed that information in a
letter to Claimant. Id. at 117a-18a. Weber said that Claimant subsequently
informed her that he decided not to return to work under Dr. Pressman’s
restrictions, but planned to retire and take his pension. Id. at 119a.
Employer submitted into evidence a May 10, 2013 letter from Weber
to Claimant, which was accompanied by a Notice of Ability to Return to Work and
Dr. Pressman’s physical capabilities checklist. R.R. at 38a-39a. Employer also
presented a copy of emails between Weber and Employer’s human resources
employee Timothy O’Neal, who affirmed that Employer could accommodate
Claimant’s restrictions but did not provide any details. Id. at 68a.
The WCJ found the testimony of Claimant, Dr. Pressman, and Weber
credible. In relevant part, the WCJ found that Employer violated the Workers’
Compensation Act1 by unilaterally suspending Claimant’s benefits on May 30,
2013. The WCJ granted Claimant’s reinstatement and penalty petitions, finding
that Claimant was entitled to temporary total disability benefits from May 30,
2013, through October 6, 2016.
Additionally, the WCJ found that Claimant was notified that Dr.
Pressman released him to return to work, he received an offer to return to his
regular job, and he elected to retire. Consequently, the WCJ granted Employer’s
petition and suspended Claimant’s indemnity benefits as of October 6, 2016, when
Claimant voluntarily removed himself from the workforce.
1
Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§1-1041.4, 2501-2710.
4
Claimant and Employer appealed to the Board. Claimant argued that
the WCJ erred in failing to place the burden on Employer to show by a totality of
the circumstances that Claimant withdrew from the workforce. Employer argued
that the WCJ erred in using the date of Claimant’s testimony, October 7, 2016, as
his retirement date, when Claimant had not worked since May 2013.2 The Board
affirmed the WCJ’s decision and concluded that, considering the totality of the
circumstances, the WCJ’s determination that Claimant retired and withdrew from
the workforce was supported by substantial, competent evidence. Claimant now
appeals to this Court.3
We note that where a claimant has been forced into retirement as a
result of a work injury, the claimant may continue to receive workers’
compensation benefits. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority v.
Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Henderson), 669 A.2d 911, 913 (Pa.
1995). However, when a claimant voluntarily leaves the labor market, rather than
being forced into retirement because of a work injury, the claimant is not entitled
to ongoing indemnity benefits and the employer has grounds to seek a suspension.
Id.; Turner v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (City of Pittsburgh), 78 A.3d
1224, 1228 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013).
2
The WCJ explained that, because Claimant credibly testified that his job involved
crawling and kneeling, Dr. Pressman specifically disapproved those activities, and Employer did
not elaborate on the accommodations that would be offered, the record did not establish that
work was available within Claimant’s limitations on or after May 29, 2013. The Board affirmed,
and Employer does not continue this argument on appeal.
3
Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights were
violated, whether an error of law was committed, or whether necessary findings of fact are
supported by substantial evidence. City of Philadelphia v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal
Board (Brown), 830 A.2d 649, 653 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
5
An employer seeking a suspension of benefits based on the claimant’s
retirement must establish that the claimant has voluntarily withdrawn from the
workforce. The employer must demonstrate, by a totality of the circumstances,
that the claimant has chosen not to return to work. City of Pittsburgh v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Robinson) (Robinson II), 67 A.3d 1194, 1209 (Pa.
2013).4 The employer may do so by using such evidence as the claimant’s
acceptance of a pension, the claimant’s own statements relating to voluntary
withdrawal from the workforce, and the claimant’s efforts or non-efforts to seek
employment. Id. at 1210; Turner, 78 A.3d at 1231.
Once the employer produces sufficient evidence to support a finding
that the claimant has voluntarily withdrawn from the workforce, the burden shifts
to the claimant to show a compensable loss of earning power. Robinson II, 67
A.3d at 1209-10.5 The claimant does this by proving either that he was looking for
4
In Robinson II, the Supreme Court explained that the “totality of the circumstances”
was not a new test, but was simply another way of stating that the factfinder must evaluate all of
the relevant evidence in determining whether an employee had retired from the workforce.
5
The Court explained:
There is no presumption of retirement arising from the fact that a
claimant seeks or accepts a pension[;] rather, the worker’s
acceptance of a pension entitles the employer only to a permissive
inference that the claimant has retired. Such an inference, if
drawn, is not on its own sufficient evidence to establish that the
worker has retired - the inference must be considered in the context
of the totality of the circumstances. The factfinder must also
evaluate all of the other relevant and credible evidence before
concluding that the employer has carried its burden of proof.
If the employer produces sufficient evidence to support a finding
that the claimant has voluntarily left the workforce, then the
burden shifts to the claimant to show that there in fact has been a
(Footnote continued on next page…)
6
work after retirement or that he was forced out of the labor market because of his
work injury. Id. at 1209; Henderson, 669 A.2d at 913. To establish the latter, a
claimant must demonstrate that he is forced out of the entire labor market, not just
his pre-injury job. Day v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (City of
Pittsburgh), 6 A.3d 633, 638 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010).
Claimant argues that the Board erred in affirming the suspension of
benefits. Claimant contends that the totality of the circumstances does not
establish that he voluntarily left the workforce and that the WCJ relied solely on
his acceptance of a retirement pension to determine that he voluntarily retired.
Claimant also asserts he had no duty to present evidence that he sought work until
Employer met its burden to show that he voluntarily removed himself from the
workforce or was capable of returning to suitable employment. Additionally,
Claimant argues that the Board improperly relied on Day because that decision
relied on a presumption of retirement based on the claimant’s acceptance of a
pension.
Employer acknowledges that receipt of a pension alone is insufficient
to meet an employer’s burden of proof. However, Employer argues that under
Robinson II, the receipt of a pension entitles the employer to a permissive
inference that, combined with the other relevant and credible evidence, may satisfy
(continued…)
compensable loss of earning power. Conversely, if the employer
fails to present sufficient evidence to show that the claimant has
retired, then the employer must proceed as in any other case
involving a proposed modification or suspension of benefits.
67 A.3d at 1209-10.
7
the employer’s burden. Employer asserts that in this case, the WCJ relied on
Claimant’s receipt of a pension, Claimant’s consistent testimony that he retired, a
lack of medical evidence showing that Claimant was forced out of the workforce,
and a lack of evidence that Claimant looked for work after May 2013 to support
the conclusion that Claimant voluntarily withdrew from the workforce. Employer
also argues that the Board correctly relied on the Supreme Court’s decision in
Robinson II in affirming the WCJ’s decision.
Initially, Claimant misunderstands an employer’s burden under
Robinson II. The Court expressly stated:
If an employer is convinced that a claimant has retired,
the employer may present evidence to establish that
status. As the Commonwealth Court suggested, the
employer may do so by objective facts, including the
claimant’s receipt of a pension, the claimant’s own
statements relating to voluntary withdrawal from the
workforce, and the claimant’s efforts or non-efforts to
seek employment.
67 A.3d at 1210. Further, Claimant’s contention that the WCJ’s decision is not
supported by substantial evidence is belied by the record. Claimant testified that
he worked as a belt man for Employer “[u]ntil [he] retired.” R.R. at 88a. When
asked if he accepted the offer to return to his regular job, Claimant said, “No. I
retired.” Id. at 89a. Claimant now emphasizes that he could not return to his pre-
injury job without modifications, but he disregards Dr. Pressman’s approval of his
return to modified work. Contrary to Claimant’s assertions, the evidence was
sufficient to satisfy Employer’s burden under Robinson II.
Moreover, the Board correctly stated that once the burden shifts to a
claimant, the claimant must prove he either was still looking for work or was
forced out of the entire workforce by his work injury. Robinson II, 67 A.3d at
8
1209; Day, 6 A.3d at 638. In Robinson II, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that the
employer need not prove the availability of suitable work in a circumstance where
the claimant voluntarily removes himself from the labor market through retirement.
“To the contrary, when a claimant has retired, the claimant bears the burden of
showing either that her work-related injury forced her out of the entire workforce,
or that she is seeking employment after retirement.” Robinson II, 67 A.3d at 1198
(emphasis added). The Supreme Court expressly acknowledged that a claimant
who has voluntarily retired and is not seeking some type of employment must
prove that the work injury forced him to withdraw from the entire workforce. To
the extent Claimant interprets the Board’s analysis differently, his argument fails.
Claimant offered no evidence that he looked for work after leaving his
job with Employer or that he was forced out of the entire labor market because of
his work injury. Indeed, according to his testimony, Claimant did not seek medical
treatment for his left knee after May 2013. R.R. at 93a.
Upon review, we conclude that the evidence credited by the WCJ,
including Claimant’s testimony, Dr. Pressman’s medical opinion, and Claimant’s
receipt of his pension, supports the WCJ’s findings that Claimant voluntarily
withdrew from the workforce. The burden then shifted to Claimant to prove that
he was looking for work or that his work injury forced him out of the entire
workforce. Claimant offered no relevant testimony to meet that burden. Thus, the
evidence comprising the “totality of the circumstances” supports the WCJ’s
finding that Claimant voluntarily withdrew from the workforce. Consequently, the
WCJ properly granted Employer’s suspension petition, and the Board did not err in
affirming the WCJ’s order.
9
Accordingly, we affirm.
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
10
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Thomas Kett, :
:
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 667 C.D. 2019
:
Workers’ Compensation Appeal :
Board (Consolidation Coal :
Company), :
:
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 19th day of August, 2020, the order of the Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board, dated May 7, 2019, is AFFIRMED.
__________________________________
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge