J-S33017-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
CAMERON C. TROILO, INC. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
B. BLAIR CORPORATION :
:
Appellant : No. 2785 EDA 2019
Appeal from the Order Entered August 28, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County Civil Division at No(s):
No. 2016-03212
BEFORE: DUBOW, J., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: Filed: August 25, 2020
B. Blair Corporation (Appellant) appeals from the order granting in part
and denying in part its motion to compel arbitration of the breach of
contract/warranty action brought against by Appellee, Cameron C. Troilo, Inc.
(Troilo). Upon review, we affirm.
The trial court summarized the history relevant to this appeal as follows:
This case involves a contract for site development work and
paving. [Troilo] was the lead contractor on a development project
called “Flowers Field.” Troilo began contract negotiations with
[Appellant] to provide asphalt work on the project. Neither party
would agree to the proposed terms of a written contract offered
by the other [(hereinafter, “proposed contracts”)]. However, the
parties entered into an oral agreement to start work. This oral
agreement was based on the terms of a price sheet that had been
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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proposed by [Appellant (“Price Sheet”).1] Work began on the
project under these terms, ratifying the oral contract. This
agreement has been identified by the court and the parties as the
“Basic Contract.”
As work was being performed under the Basic Contract,
issues arose regarding the quality of the asphalt work. Troilo
claims the asphalt “deviated from the prescribed PennDot Job Mix
Formula (“JMF”) target gradation, because the asphalt did not
have a sufficient amount of asphalt in it.” On May 23, 2016, Troilo
filed a complaint against [Appellant] claiming breach of contract,
breach of express warranty, and breach of implied warranty. On
July 19, 2016, [Appellant] filed an answer and new matter.
Aside from the work performed under the Basic Contract,
additional work was performed [by Appellant] at the Flowers
Field project. To contract for this extra work, [Appellant and
Troilo] entered [into] a series of [written] Additional Work
Authorization agreements [(collectively, “AWAs”) over several
months]. These were signed by the foreperson assigned to the
site as [Appellant’s] representative[,] and Cameron Troilo, Jr., on
behalf of Troilo. Each [AWA] included the following provision:
At [Appellant’s] election, and its sole discretion, any
claim between [Appellant] and Troilo arising from a
dispute under this Agreement shall be submitted to
arbitration in accordance with the Construction Industry
Rules of the American Arbitration Association [(“AAA”)].
Any award rendered by an arbitrator or arbitrators shall
be final and judgment may be entered upon it.
[(hereinafter, “the AWA arbitration provision”).]
On January 14, 2019, [Appellant] filed a Demand for
Arbitration with the [AAA], pursuant to their contention that
[under the AWA arbitration provision,] all disputes related to the
Flowers Field project were subject to compulsory arbitration. On
January 25, 2019, Troilo filed a Petition to Stay and Enjoin [the
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1 The Price Sheet, which neither party signed, contained a provision stating
that any disputes arising out of the parties’ agreement concerning the Flowers
Field project would be resolved in the Bucks County Court of Common Pleas.
Appellant’s Motion to Compel arbitration, 3/21/19, Exhibit 1 (Price Sheet).
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arbitration]. On March 21, 2019, [Appellant] filed a [Motion] to
Compel.
On July 2, 2019, oral argument was held on Troilo’s Petition
to Stay and Enjoin … and [Appellant’s Motion] to Compel
arbitration. On August 28, 2019, the court issued an order
granting in part and denying in part the Motion to Compel. The
Motion was: “GRANTED only to the [AWAs] signed by both parties
that contained the [AWA] arbitration provision. It is DENIED as
to the “Basic Contract” which was never signed by the parties.
[Order, 8/28/19, at 1 (emphasis added); see also id. at 1-2
(stating that the Basic Contract “was ratified by the performance
of the work with the clear understanding by Troilo and [Appellant]
that the arbitration [] provision was not agreed upon.”)]. The
work performed under the [AWAs] was also subject to the lawsuit
filed by Troilo, as the allegations relate to all of the asphalt work
performed by [Appellant].
Trial Court Opinion, 1/17/20, at 1-3 (footnote citations and some capitalization
omitted, footnote and emphasis added).
Further, the “Terms and Conditions” section of the AWAs provides:
These Terms and Conditions shall supplement any prior written
agreement between the Parties on the Project where the work is
being performed and shall apply to the work described above
[(hereinafter, the “supplement provision”)], but if no prior written
agreement exists, these terms and conditions shall represent the
entire Agreement between [Appellant] and [Troilo (hereinafter,
the “completeness provision”).] …
Motion to Compel, 3/21/19, Exhibit 2 (AWAs).
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal from the August 28, 2019
order,2 followed by a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of
errors complained of on appeal.
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2 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 7320(a)(1) (providing that an “appeal may be taken
from” a “court order denying an application to compel arbitration”).
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Appellant presents five issues for our review:
1. Should the court order the parties to arbitrate all disputes
under both the Basic Contract and the AWAs based upon the
supplement provision, which added the arbitration agreement
to the Basic Contract as a supplemental term?
2. As a subset to question #1, should the court enforce all of the
terms and conditions in the AWAs, including the term which
states that the terms of the AWAs “shall supplement any prior
written agreement,” as well as the supplemental terms
themselves, including the arbitration agreement?
3. As a subset to question #1, should the court enforce all of the
terms and conditions of the AWAs, which provide that “if no
prior written agreement exists, these terms and conditions
shall represent the entire agreement?”
4. As a subset to question #1, is enforcement of the arbitration
agreement incompatible with the terms of the Basic Contract?
5. Should the Court stay all proceedings in the lower court
pending the outcome of the required arbitration?
Appellant’s Brief at 5-6 (some capitalization omitted).
We address Appellant’s first four issues simultaneously, mindful of our
standard of review:
We review a trial court’s denial of a motion to compel
arbitration for an abuse of discretion and to determine whether
the trial court’s findings are supported by substantial evidence. In
doing so, we employ a two-part test to determine whether the trial
court should have compelled arbitration. The first determination
is whether a valid agreement to arbitrate exists. The second
determination is whether the dispute is within the scope of the
agreement.
Whether a claim is within the scope of an arbitration
provision is a matter of contract, and as with all questions of law,
our review of the trial court’s conclusion is plenary. The scope of
arbitration is determined by the intention of the parties as
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ascertained in accordance with the rules governing contracts
generally. These are questions of law and our review is plenary.
Arbitration is a matter of contract, and parties to a contract
cannot be compelled to arbitrate a given issue absent an
agreement between them to arbitrate that issue. Even though it
is now the policy of the law to favor settlement of disputes by
arbitration and to promote the swift and orderly disposition of
claims, arbitration agreements are to be strictly construed and
such agreements should not be extended by implication.
Elwyn v. DeLuca, 48 A.3d 457, 461 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations and
quotation marks omitted).
Appellant argues that the trial court erred in refusing to send the parties’
dispute under the Basic Contract to arbitration, where the AWA arbitration
provision applied to all disputes between the parties regarding the Flowers
Field project. See Appellant’s Brief at 20-41. According to Appellant, the
court erred in engaging in a “strained and tortured analysis” of the terms of
the Basic Contract and AWAs, and incorrectly concluded they were separate
agreements. Id. at 15, 30-34. Appellant asserts, “[t]o the contrary, the
AWAs represent an agreement to modify the scope of work under the Basic
Contract for the performance of the extra work.” Id. at 32; see also id. at
32, 41 (arguing the respective contracts are “inextricably intertwined” and
“obviously refer to each other and should have been construed together”).
Appellant contends that the AWAs supplemented and modified the terms of
the Basic Contract, pointing to the AWA supplement provision. Id. at 32-33,
36.
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In support of its ruling that any disputes under the Basic Contract must
remain in court, the trial court opined:
[The AWAs] and the Basic Contract are two separate
agreements. The terms of the [AWAs] have no bearing on the
Basic Contract; therefore[,] none of the terms of the [AWAs]
supplement nor have any other effect on terms in the Basic
Contract.
***
[The completeness provision states:] “if no prior written
agreement exists, these terms and conditions represent the entire
agreement.” While this term applies to the [AWAs], it is
inapplicable to the Basic Contract. The Basic Contract was
formed via an oral agreement based upon proposed prices by
[Appellant,] and was ratified when the parties performed under
those terms. Since the Basic Contract was a separate
agreement, the terms of the [AWAs] have no impact on the Basic
Contract.
Trial Court Opinion, 1/17/20, at 5-6 (emphasis added; footnote citations
omitted). Upon review, we find the trial court’s conclusion supported by the
record and law.
Simply put, the AWAs and the Basic Contract are separate agreements.
The AWAs neither supplement nor modify the oral Basic Contract, which does
not include an agreement regarding arbitration. The Basic Contract concerned
Appellant’s initial performance of work on the Flowers Field project. On the
other hand, the subsequently executed AWAs concerned additional work that
Appellant had agreed to perform to repair the alleged defects in their original
work on the project. This Court has cautioned that where there exists an
arbitration clause in an “unrelated contract between the parties,” such clause
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“cannot be read so broadly as to encompass any and all disputes that arise
between the parties.” Setlock v. Pinebrook Pers. Care & Ret. Ctr., 56
A.3d 904, 912 n.7 (Pa. Super. 2012); see also id. (stating that such an
outcome “leads to a result beyond the intent of the parties at the time of
entertaining into a contract”); Elwyn, supra (emphasizing that arbitration
agreements should not be extended by implication). Further, we do not
discern any support for Appellant’s claims that (1) the AWAs and the Basic
Contract are “inextricably intertwined”; or (2) “the AWAs refer back to the
Basic Contract.” Appellant’s Brief at 32, 39 (quotations omitted).
Additionally, our review reveals no evidence of record to contradict the
trial court’s factual finding that the parties never agreed to arbitrate disputes
arising out of the Basic Contract. Therefore, we cannot disturb this finding.
See Krebs v. United Ref. Co., 893 A.2d 776, 783 (Pa. Super. 2006) (stating
“[w]hen oral contracts are disputed, the issues of what was said, done and
agreed upon by the parties are ones of fact to be determined by the fact
finder”; as “a reviewing court, we will not disturb the findings of a trial judge
sitting as fact finder unless we determine that the court’s findings are not
based on competent evidence of record.”); see also Greene v. Oliver
Realty, Inc., 526 A.2d 1192, 1194 (Pa. Super. 1987) (stating that in cases
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involving oral contracts, courts must “examine the surrounding circumstances
to determine the parties’ intent.”).3
Finally, there is no merit to Appellant’s allegation that the Basic Contract
is a written agreement. See Appellant’s Brief at 26 (emphasizing the
supplement provision, which states that the AWAs “shall supplement any prior
written agreement between the parties on the project.”).4 Rather, the Basic
Contract was an oral contract—and such contracts are enforceable—a fact
which Appellant does not dispute. Accordingly, Appellant’s first four issues do
not merit relief.
In its fifth and final issue, Appellant contends that the trial court erred
by failing to stay the judicial proceedings implicating the Basic Contract,
pending arbitration of the contract/warranty dispute under the AWAs.
Appellant’s Brief at 42. Appellant argues that this action violated 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 7304(d), which states:
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3 We note that at the hearing on the Motion to Compel, Appellant’s counsel
pointed out an email sent from the president of Troilo to Appellant in
connection with the work on the Flowers Field project, where the president
stated he “will not sign an American Arbitration Association Agreement.” N.T.,
7/2/19, at 47. Also, the provisions of the respective proposed contracts
concerning the project were in conflict as to whether disputes between the
parties would be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction or by arbitration.
4 Appellant relies upon the fact that the Price Sheet, upon which the Basic
Contract was predicated, is a written document. See Appellant’s Brief at 33,
35-36. However, the Price Sheet contained no arbitration clause and was not
signed by the parties.
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(d) Stay of judicial proceedings. — An action or proceeding,
allegedly involving an issue subject to arbitration, shall be stayed
if a court order to proceed with arbitration has been made or an
application for such an order has been made under this section.
If the issue allegedly subject to arbitration is severable, the
stay of the court action or proceeding may be made with
respect to the severable issue only. If the application for an
order to proceed with arbitration is made in such action or
proceeding and is granted, the court order to proceed with
arbitration shall include a stay of the action or proceeding.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 7304(d) (emphasis added).5
In sum, the trial court correctly determined that the parties’ respective
disputes under the AWAs and the Basic Contract were severable under Section
7304(d); they are separate agreements and involve separate terms. See Trial
Court Opinion, 1/17/20, at 7-8. Cf. Maleski v. Mut. Fire, 633 A.2d 1143,
1145 (Pa. 1993). Accordingly, the court did not err and Appellant’s final issue
lacks merit.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/25/20
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5 In its brief, Appellant omitted the emphasized sentence in Section 7304(d)
concerning severability with ellipses.
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Cameron Troilo, Inc. v. B. Blair Corp
Combined Opinion