TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD
Reginald L. Watson ) Docket No. 2015-06-1358
)
v. ) State File No. 93345-2015
)
Labor Smart, Inc., et al. )
)
)
Appeal from the Court of Workers’ )
Compensation Claims )
Joshua D. Baker, Judge )
Affirmed and Remanded - Filed February 3, 2017
The employee in this interlocutory appeal was unloading a truck when he fell
approximately four feet and struck his left side and head on the ground. The trial court,
following an evidentiary hearing, awarded temporary disability benefits to the employee.
The employer filed a notice of appeal and, shortly thereafter, the employee filed a motion
in the trial court asking the court to alter or amend its decision. The trial court ruled that,
notwithstanding the filing of the notice of appeal, it had jurisdiction to act on the
employee’s motion to alter or amend. The trial court then rescinded its order awarding
temporary disability benefits, issued another order awarding the identical benefits, and
addressed additional issues raised by the employee’s motion to alter or amend. The
employer filed a second notice of appeal, arguing that the employee’s proof was
insufficient to support the award of temporary disability benefits. We affirm the trial
court’s decision and remand the case.
Presiding Judge Marshall L. Davidson, III, delivered the opinion of the Appeals Board in
which Judge David F. Hensley and Judge Timothy W. Conner joined.
Christen C. Blackburn and Jordan T. Puryear, Nashville, Tennessee, for the employer-
appellant, Labor Smart, Inc.
Thomas W. Tucker, III, and Denise L. Martin, Nashville, Tennessee, for the employee-
appellee, Reginald L. Watson
1
Factual and Procedural Background
Reginald Watson (“Employee”) suffered injuries on July 18, 2015, when he fell
from the back of a truck while unloading furniture in the course and scope of his
employment with Labor Smart, Inc. (“Employer”). He described falling approximately
four and a half feet to the ground, striking his leg against the ramp leading down from the
truck to the ground, landing on his left hip and side, and striking his head on the concrete
when he landed. Two co-workers were present, and there is no dispute that the fall
occurred. Employee did not seek immediate medical treatment but continued to work
that day despite experiencing pain from his fall. His fiancée had to drive him home from
work.
Employee sought treatment the following day at Nashville General Hospital,
reporting low back pain as a result of falling from a truck at work. The record of that
visit reflects that Employee denied suffering head trauma. At the expedited hearing,
Employee testified that this note was inaccurate, stating that he had reported striking his
head on the concrete to the attending physician. He returned to Nashville General
Hospital on August 2, 2015, and was diagnosed with a low back strain.
Employee began treating with his own physician, Dr. Jule West, on October 5,
2015. He reported falling off the back of a truck and striking his back, hip, and head on
concrete. He also complained of severe headaches as a result of hitting his head that
interfered with his ability to function. In follow-up appointments with Dr. West, he
continued to complain of disabling headaches accompanied by back pain and depression.
Testing of Employee’s head and brain were normal except for mild paranasal sinus
disease. Employee continued to complain of problems associated with head trauma that
were worsening, and Dr. West referred him for a neurological evaluation. The
neurologist concluded Employee’s condition did not require surgery.
Employee returned to Dr. West on April 8, 2016, reporting that he was
incapacitated by the severity of his headaches and that his symptoms had worsened and
had become constant. Dr. West’s records reflect that Employee suffered a loss of
consciousness when he fell, but Employee testified that he did not, in fact, lose
consciousness. Employee also complained of episodes of syncope after the fall, one of
which resulted in his being transported to an emergency room. It is unclear what the
results of that visit were, as those records were not introduced into evidence.
On June 1, 2016, Dr. West provided correspondence indicating that she could not
comment on certain aspects of Employee’s initial injuries and treatment and that, because
she was not a spine specialist, she could not state with a reasonable degree of medical
certainty that the fall caused bulging discs in his neck. However, she did opine with a
reasonable degree of medical certainty that Employee had “severe and persistent
posttraumatic headache since the time of injury,” and that “this has required extensive
2
evaluation by neurology and multiple modalities to control pain.” According to Dr.
West, “it would be impossible for [Employee] to sustain any consistent and regular
employment secondary to pain and lack of function due to his headaches.” Dr. West also
completed a questionnaire indicating that this condition arose primarily from his fall from
the truck and that it prevented him from working since the date of the fall.
Following an evidentiary hearing at which Employee and his fiancée were the only
witnesses to testify, the trial court awarded temporary disability benefits. The court’s
order notes that both Employee and his fiancée were credible witnesses and that Dr.
West’s opinion was the only medical opinion that had been presented. The trial court
ordered temporary disability benefits from September 2, 2015, and ongoing, as
Employee’s last day at work was September 1, 2015.
Employer appealed and, within hours of the filing of the notice of appeal,
Employee filed a motion in the trial court to alter or amend, asking the court to make
“appropriate” findings of fact and conclusions of law. The motion, which did not cite
any authority for its filing, asked the trial court to address issues concerning the
employee’s compensation rate, whether a penalty should be imposed on Employer for not
timely paying benefits, whether Employee’s attorney was entitled to attorney’s fees, and
whether Dr. West should be deemed the authorized treating physician. Employer
responded, in part, by questioning whether the trial court retained jurisdiction over the
claim given that an appeal had been filed.
The trial court subsequently issued an order finding that it retained jurisdiction to
alter or amend its order awarding benefits, notwithstanding the fact the order had been
appealed. The trial court explained that
[b]ecause both the [motion to alter or amend and the notice of appeal] were
filed on the same day, and within the seven day period for filing an appeal
of an interlocutory order, the Court retained jurisdiction to consider the
[motion to alter or amend]. Judicial economy dictates that where a
deficiency in a written order is brought to the attention of the trial court
before the period for filing an appeal has run, the trial court has authority to
correct errors in the order before transferring the file for appeal. To rule
otherwise would result in needless legal process at the appellate level only
to have the case remanded to address issues that should have been
addressed in the challenged order.
The trial court went on to grant Employee’s motion in part, stating it would issue an
amended order and rescind its initial order which, according to the trial court, would then
trigger the time in which an appeal could be filed.
3
Thereafter, the trial court issued an amended order that resolved the issues raised
in Employee’s motion to alter or amend. Specifically, the court declined to award
benefits based on the maximum compensation rate as Employee had requested, awarded
attorney’s fees to Employee’s attorney, and directed Employer to submit evidence as to
why it should not be required to pay a penalty. The trial court declined to address the
issue raised by Employee regarding Dr. West, as the parties had agreed at the expedited
hearing that temporary disability benefits were the only issue in dispute at that time.
And, as it had done in its initial order that was rescinded while this appeal was pending,
the trial court awarded temporary disability benefits.1 Employer then filed a second
notice of appeal.
Standard of Review
The standard we apply in reviewing a trial court’s decision is statutorily mandated
and limited in scope. Specifically, “[t]here shall be a presumption that the findings and
conclusions of the workers’ compensation judge are correct, unless the preponderance of
the evidence is otherwise.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-239(c)(7) (2015). The trial court’s
decision may be reversed or modified if the rights of a party “have been prejudiced
because findings, inferences, conclusions, or decisions of a workers’ compensation judge:
(A) Violate constitutional or statutory provisions;
(B) Exceed the statutory authority of the workers’ compensation judge;
(C) Do not comply with lawful procedure;
(D) Are arbitrary, capricious, characterized by abuse of discretion, or
clearly an unwarranted exercise of discretion; or
(E) Are not supported by evidence that is both substantial and material
in the light of the entire record.”
Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-217(a)(3) (2015).
Analysis
Employer does not challenge any of the trial court’s rulings except the award of
temporary disability benefits. According to Employer, the trial court erred in awarding
those benefits because Employee failed to present evidence of a causal connection
between his headaches and the work injury. Employer relies on inconsistencies within
the medical records and particularly within Dr. West’s records to support its assertion that
1
In the first paragraph of both of the trial court’s orders awarding temporary disability benefits, the trial
court indicated it was awarding benefits from September 1, 2016, and ongoing. We assume this to be a
typographical error in both orders, as the evidence upon which the trial court relied in ordering benefits
reflects that Employee was unable to work starting September 1, 2015, and the amount of temporary
benefits awarded is consistent with an award from that date. In addition, at the conclusion of each order,
the trial court used 2015, not 2016, as the pertinent year.
4
the medical proof supporting the award is unreliable. Employer also asserts the trial
court improperly shifted the burden of proof to Employer by noting that Dr. West’s
opinion was the only medical opinion submitted. Lastly, Employer argues that Employee
has not demonstrated that any inability to work is causally related to his work injury. We
are not persuaded by these arguments.
A.
As noted above, the trial court rescinded an order awarding benefits that was
pending appellate review and replaced it with an order addressing additional issues. In
doing so, the trial court rejected Employer’s argument that it lacked jurisdiction over the
claim. Thus, as an initial matter, we consider the trial court’s exercise of jurisdiction
after Employer filed a timely notice of appeal, as questions regarding a court’s
jurisdiction go to the heart of a court’s “lawful authority to adjudicate a controversy
brought before it.” Redwing v. Catholic Bishop for the Diocese of Memphis, 363 S.W.3d
436, 445 (Tenn. 2012). Consequently, the issue of a court’s jurisdiction “may be
challenged at any time and may be raised by a court on its own motion, even if the parties
have not raised the issue.” Turner v. Turner, 473 S.W.3d 257, 270 (Tenn. 2015).
It is well-settled that the “legal effect of perfecting an appeal is to divest the trial
court of further authority to act without leave of the appellate court and to vest
jurisdiction in the [appellate court].” Spann v. Abraham, 36 S.W.3d 452, 461 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 1999). For that reason, “[a]ny ruling made after the trial court has lost jurisdiction
is void and is a nullity.” Prendergast v. State, No. M2013-02869-CCA-R3-ECN, 2015
Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 1047, at *16 (Tenn. Crim. App. Dec. 29, 2015); see also Moore
v. Teddleton, No. W2005-02746-COA-R3-CV, 2006 Tenn. App. LEXIS 723, at *16
(Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 7, 2006) (The trial court, in acting upon a motion to set aside a
judgment while an appeal was pending, “lacked jurisdiction to consider [the motion] and
its order is void as a nullity.”); First Am. Trust Co. v. Franklin-Murray Dev. Co., L.P., 59
S.W.3d 135, 142 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001) (“Orders entered by a trial court after it loses
jurisdiction are nullities.”). The rationale underlying this rule is obvious: permitting a
case to proceed through two different courts at the same time, changing as it does so,
creates a host of both legal and practical problems for the parties and for the courts. See
First Am. Trust Co., 59 S.W.3d at 141 (“These principles keep cases together during the
appellate process and prevent undesirable consequences of permitting a case to be
pending in more than one court at the same time.”); Spence v. Allstate Ins. Co., 883
S.W.2d 586, 596 (Tenn. 1994) (“[W]e decline to adopt a rule that would allow a case to
be pending in more than one court at a time.”). Thus, when a notice of appeal is filed, a
trial court, in the absence of a remand, lacks the authority to continue adjudicating the
claim.
However, this rule, while broad in scope, is not absolute. Under limited
circumstances, trial courts in Tennessee do retain jurisdiction to rule on certain motions
5
specified in the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure.2 Specifically, Tennessee Rule
of Appellate Procedure 4(e) states that the “trial court retains jurisdiction over the case
pending the court’s ruling on any timely filed motion” specified in Tennessee Rule of
Appellate Procedure 4(b) or (c), one of which is a motion to alter or amend filed pursuant
to Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 59.04.3 In that instance, “the filing of a notice of
appeal prior to the filing of the motion . . . does not deprive the trial court of jurisdiction
to rule upon the motion.” Tenn. R. App. P. 4(e). This rule makes clear that
a trial court does not lose jurisdiction to rule upon a motion [to alter or
amend] if the motion was filed within the time permitted by the applicable
rule. A notice of appeal filed prior to the timely filing of [a motion to alter
or amend], or prior to the trial court’s ruling on the motion, is deemed to be
premature and does not deprive the court of jurisdiction to rule upon the
motion.
Tenn. R. App. P. 4(e) Advisory Comm’n Cmt. (2013). If the motion to alter or amend is
timely filed, the notice of appeal will be deemed filed “after the entry of the order
disposing of the motion and on the day thereof.” Tenn. R. App. P. 4(e).
We find the approach embodied in Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(e) to
be consistent with the legislative goal of implementing a “fair, equitable, expeditious, and
efficient” workers’ compensation system. Tenn. Code Ann. § 4-3-1409(b)(2)(A) (2016).
Simply put, judicial economy is best served by allowing the trial court to resolve the
issues brought before it before engaging in appellate review. Thus, we hold that the
Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims retains jurisdiction to resolve a timely filed
motion to alter or amend the court’s decision, and that a notice of appeal filed prior to the
filing of the motion, or prior to the trial court’s disposition of such a motion, will be
considered filed on the day the trial court files its order resolving the motion. However,
we emphasize that a timely motion to alter or amend, for our purposes, is one that is filed
before the Clerk of the Appeals Board issues a docketing notice pursuant to Tenn. Comp.
R. & Regs. 0800-02-22-.02(2) (2015). This approach is necessary given our statutorily
imposed deadlines for deciding appeals – deadlines not contemplated by the Rules of
Civil Procedure or Rules of Appellate Procedure.
2
By their own terms, the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure apply to proceedings before the
Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, and Court of Criminal Appeals. Tenn. R. App. P. 1. While we are not
governed by these rules, we do find them instructive. Morgan v. Macy’s, No. 2016-08-0270, 2016 TN
Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 39, at *25 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Aug. 31, 2016) (“Although the
Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure are not binding on us, they are persuasive authority and we may
resort to them for guidance.”); Yarbrough v. Protective Services Co., Inc., No. 2015-08-0574, 2016 TN
Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 3, at *12 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Jan. 25, 2016) (The rules of
appellate procedure, “while instructive, do not control the appellate process before this Board.”).
3
“A motion to alter or amend a judgment shall be filed and served within thirty (30) days after the entry
of the judgment.” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 59.04.
6
In this case, although Employee’s motion to alter or amend does not cite the legal
basis for its filing, we will construe it as having been filed pursuant to Tennessee Rule of
Civil Procedure 59.04 and, therefore, was a proper motion. Moreover, the motion, along
with the trial court’s order addressing the motion, was filed before a docketing notice was
issued pursuant to Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0800-02-22-.02(2) indicating our receipt of
the record on appeal and the commencement of the seven day time period for a decision
resolving the appeal. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-217(a)(2)(A). Thus, we consider
Employer’s initially filed notice of appeal to be premature and filed on the date the trial
court issued its order acting on the motion to alter or amend, making the filing of the
second notice of appeal irrelevant.
B.
Regarding the trial court’s award of temporary disability benefits, we note that an
injured worker is eligible for such benefits if (1) the worker became disabled from
working due to a compensable injury, (2) there is a causal connection between the injury
and the inability to work, and (3) the worker established the duration of the period of
disability. James v. Landair Transp., Inc., No. 2015-02-0024, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp.
App. Bd. LEXIS 28, at *16 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Aug. 26, 2015).
In the present case, there is no dispute that Employee fell more than four feet from
the back of a truck while working for Employer. Employee’s testimony at the expedited
hearing was consistent, and the trial court found him to be a credible witness. 4 He
described being unable to work as a result of intractable pain in his head. In support of
his assertion, he offered the opinion of Dr. West who opined that Employee had “severe
and persistent posttraumatic headache since the time of injury,” and that “this has
required extensive evaluation by neurology and multiple modalities to control pain.” Dr.
West concluded that “[c]urrently it would be impossible for [Employee] to sustain any
consistent and regular employment secondary to pain and lack of function due to his
headaches.” She also opined that Employee’s condition arose primarily from his fall
from the truck and that it prevented him from working since the date of the fall. No
contrary medical opinion appears in the record.5
Although an injured worker has the burden of proof on every element of his or her
claim, at an expedited hearing an employee need not prove every element by a
4
“When the trial court has heard in-court testimony, considerable deference must be afforded in
reviewing the trial court’s findings of credibility and assessment of the weight to be given to that
testimony.” Tryon v. Saturn Corp., 254 S.W.3d 321, 327 (Tenn. 2008).
5
Employer contends that by observing that “the court has no other medical opinion at this time [besides
Dr. West’s opinion],” the trial court impermissibly shifted the burden of proof to Employer. We disagree,
as the trial court was simply stating a fact.
7
preponderance of the evidence, but must come forward with sufficient evidence from
which the trial court can determine that the employee would likely prevail at trial
consistent with Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239(d)(1) (2015). We have
described the burden of proof at an expedited hearing as a lesser evidentiary standard that
“does not relieve an employee of the burden of producing evidence of an injury by
accident that arose primarily out of and in the course and scope of employment . . ., but
allows some relief to be granted if that evidence does not rise to the level of a
‘preponderance of the evidence.’” Buchanan v. Carlex Glass Co., No. 2015-01-0012,
2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 39, at *6 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Sept.
29, 2015). Based upon our review of the record, we cannot conclude that the trial court
erred in finding Employee met this lesser burden of proof in establishing entitlement to
temporary disability benefits.
C.
Before concluding, we must address two issues raised by Employee. First,
Employee contends that the trial court erred in calculating his benefits, in that the court
did not use the “actual workers’ compensation rate [of] $194.82” the parties “previously
submitted and agreed.” This purported error could have been brought to the trial court’s
attention in Employee’s motion to alter or amend but was not. Accordingly, we decline
Employee’s invitation to remand the case with instructions that the award be recalculated.
Finally, Employee asks that we find Employer’s appeal to be frivolous or taken
solely for delay and that sanctions be awarded in the form of attorney’s fees. See Tenn.
Comp. R. & Regs. 0800-02-22-.04(6) (2015) (“When it appears to the appeals board that
an appeal was frivolous or taken solely for delay, the appeals board may, either upon
motion of a party or of its own motion, award expenses, including reasonable attorney’s
fees, incurred by the appellee as a result of the appeal.”). A frivolous appeal is one that is
devoid of merit, Combustion Eng’g, Inc. v. Kennedy, 562 S.W.2d 202, 205 (Tenn. 1978),
or one that has no reasonable chance of succeeding, Davis v. Gulf Ins. Grp., 546 S.W.2d
583, 586 (Tenn. 1977). While the issue is close, we are not convinced this appeal is
frivolous.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the evidence does not preponderate against
the trial court’s decision to award temporary disability benefits. Nor does the trial court’s
decision violate any of the standards set forth in Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-
217(a)(3). Accordingly, the trial court’s decision is affirmed. The case is remanded for
any further proceedings that may be necessary.
8
TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD
Reginald L. Watson ) Docket No. 2015-06-1358
)
v. ) State File No. 93345-2015
)
Labor Smart, Inc., et al. )
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Appeals Board’s decision in the
referenced case was sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service
on this the 3rd day of February, 2017.
Name Certified First Class Via Fax Via Email Address
Mail Mail Fax Number Email
Thomas W. Tucker, III X tomtucker@bellsouth.net
Denise L. Martin X deniselmartin.vt@gmail.com
Jordan T. Puryear X jordan.puryear@leitnerfirm.com
Christen C. Blackburn X christen.blackburn@leitnerfirm.com
Joshua D. Baker, Judge X Via Electronic Mail
Kenneth M. Switzer, X Via Electronic Mail
Chief Judge
Penny Shrum, Clerk, X Penny.Patterson-Shrum@tn.gov
Court of Workers’
Compensation Claims
Matthew Salyer
Clerk, Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
220 French Landing Dr., Ste. 1-B
Nashville, TN 37243
Telephone: 615-253-1606
Electronic Mail: Matthew.Salyer@tn.gov