Filed 9/17/20
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE, B301292
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. 9PH05605)
v.
GERALD R. KURIANSKI,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los
Angeles County, Robert M. Kawahara, Judge. Affirmed.
Heather E. Shallenberger, under appointment by the Court
of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
Xavier Becerra, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief
Assistant Attorney General, Susan Sullivan Pithey, Assistant
Attorney General, Michael R. Johnsen, Deputy Attorney General,
and Blythe J. Leszkay, Deputy Attorney General, for Plaintiff
and Respondent.
******
When a petition to revoke parole is filed by the district
attorney, a court is required by statute to “refer” the petition “to
the parole officer” so that the officer (or the parole agency) can
prepare a “written report” for the court to “read and consider”
before “modify[ing]” or “revok[ing]” parole. (Pen. Code, § 1203.2,
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subd. (b)(1).) When a parolee accepts a court’s offer to admit a
parole violation for a specified sentence and expressly waives his
right to the preliminary and final parole hearings, has he waived
his statutory right to have a preparation of a written report? We
conclude the answer is “yes.” We accordingly affirm the
revocation order in this case.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
2
In May 2014, Gerald R. Kurianski (defendant) pled no
contest to being a felon in possession of a firearm (§ 29800, subd.
(a)(1)) and resisting an executive officer (§ 69), and admitted that
his 2007 conviction for attempted robbery constituted a “strike”
within the meaning of our Three Strikes Law (§§ 1170.12, subds.
(a)-(d), 667, suds. (b)-(j)). The trial court sentenced defendant to
state prison for four years.
On December 27, 2016, defendant was released on parole.
As a condition of parole, he was required to keep the parole
officer “inform[ed]” of his current residence.
On August 6, 2019, the Los Angeles District Attorney’s
Office filed a petition with the court seeking to revoke defendant’s
parole on the ground that he had absconded.
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code
unless otherwise indicated.
2 Defendant has also been referred to as Gerard R. Kurianski
in various documents throughout the record.
2
On August 21, 2019, defendant was arraigned on the
petition and denied its allegations. The court set the matter for a
probable cause determination. The court did not refer the
petition to the parole agency for preparation of a written report.
On September 3, 2019, on the date set for the probable
cause determination, defendant moved the court to dismiss the
petition on the ground that (1) defendant’s parole agency had
already imposed intermediate, remedial sanctions against him
for the same conduct of absconding alleged in the petition, and (2)
the imposition of those sanctions precluded the district attorney
from filing a petition to revoke based on the same underlying
conduct. The trial court denied the motion, noting that the
statutory requirement that a court obtain a written report from
the parole agency for any district attorney-filed petition
constituted evidence that the Legislature contemplated such a
petition even after the parole agency may have itself imposed
sanctions. After the district attorney extended defendant his
office’s standard offer of 135 days of jail time, the court told
defendant that he would “give him 60 days” in jail “[i]f he wants
to resolve it today” by making an “open admission” to the parole
violation. Defendant took the offer. After the district attorney
explained that defendant would, by accepting the court’s offer,
give up his rights to a “probable cause hearing” and “a formal
revocation hearing” at which he could confront and cross-examine
witnesses, compel the attendance of witnesses, and remain silent,
defendant agreed to give up those rights and admitted that he
had absconded from parole supervision. The court then revoked
and reinstated defendant’s parole, but modified the terms of
parole by imposing a 60-day jail sentence (with 38 days of credit).
3
Defendant did not expressly give up his right to have the parole
agency prepare a written report.
Defendant filed this timely appeal.
DISCUSSION
When a defendant released from prison and onto parole is
suspected of violating the terms of his parole, a petition to modify
or revoke parole may be filed with the court by either the “parole
officer” or “the district attorney.” (§ 1203.2, subd. (b)(1); People v.
Castel (2017) 12 Cal.App.5th 1321, 1325 (Castel).) When such a
petition is filed by the parole officer, the petition must “include a
written report that contains additional information regarding the
petition,” including “the history and background of the parolee,”
“recommended sanctions,” and the “reasons for [the] agency’s
determination that intermediate sanctions without court
intervention . . . are inappropriate responses to the alleged
violations.” (§§ 1203.2, subd. (b)(1), 3000.08, subds. (d) & (f); Cal.
Rules of Court, rule 4.541(c), (e); Castel, at p. 1323; People v.
Zamudio (2017) 12 Cal.App.5th 8, 14 (Zamudio).) When a
petition to modify or revoke is filed by the district attorney,
however, it need not include a written report. (Zamudio, at pp.
15, 17.) Instead, the court must at some point thereafter “refer”
the district attorney’s petition “to the . . . parole officer,” the
officer or agency must prepare and transmit a “written report”
discussing (among other things) the efficacy of intermediate
sanctions, and the court must “read” and “consider” that report
before “modify[ing]” or “revok[ing]” parole. (§ 1203.2, subd. (b)(1);
Castel, at pp. 1325-1326, 1328; Zamudio, at p. 15; People v. Minor
(2010) 189 Cal.App.4th 1, 22-23 [report need not be formally
admitted into evidence].)
4
In this case, the petition to revoke parole was filed by the
district attorney and the court did not refer that petition to the
parole agency for a report before it accepted defendant’s
admission to a parole violation during the hearing that was
originally set for the probable cause determination. Defendant
claims that the court’s failure to follow the above outlined
statutory procedure constitutes an abuse of discretion that
invalidates the court’s revocation and reinstatement of his parole.
(People v. Hubbart (2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 1202, 1227 [decision to
revoke parole involves exercise of “broad” power]; see People v.
Butcher (2016) 247 Cal.App.4th 310, 318 [decision to revoke
probation reviewed for an abuse of discretion]; People v. Superior
Court (Humberto S.) (2008) 43 Cal.4th 737, 746 [trial court
abuses its discretion when its “decision rests on an error of law”].)
This case therefore presents the question: Does a defendant who
expressly waives his right to all further revocation hearings in
order to admit a parole violation and thereby obtains the benefit
of a specific disposition also waive his statutory right to have the
court obtain the written input of the parole agency regarding
3
appropriate disposition(s)?
We conclude that the answer to this question is “yes,” and
do so for two interlocking reasons.
3 Although defendant’s appeal is likely moot because he has
already served the 60-day jail sentence and is also very likely no
longer on parole (e.g., People v. DeLeon (2017) 3 Cal.5th 640, 645-
646 (DeLeon) [revocation of parole, without more, does not have
collateral consequences that obviate mootness]), we exercise our
discretion to retain jurisdiction because this case presents an
“issue[] of . . . public interest that [is] likely to recur.” (Coachella
Valley Mosquito & Vector Control Dist. v. California Public
Employment Relations Bd. (2005) 35 Cal.4th 1072, 1079, fn. 3.)
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First, a defendant’s express waiver of his constitutional and
statutory rights to a preliminary, probable cause hearing and a
formal revocation hearing in order to obtain a specific disposition
necessarily—albeit implicitly—includes a waiver of his statutory
right to have the trial court refer the district attorney’s petition
to the parole agency to obtain that agency’s input regarding the
appropriate disposition. As the information to be disclosed in the
agency’s written report makes clear (§§ 1203.2, subd. (b)(1),
3000.08, subds. (d) & (f); Cal. Rules of Court, rule 4.541(c), (e)),
the whole point of requiring the court to request—and the agency
to prepare—that written report is to provide the court with
information bearing on whether revocation or modification of
parole is warranted and, if it is, how the terms of parole should
be changed. But where, as here, the defendant has elected to
admit that he has violated the terms of his parole in order to
obtain a specific disposition, requiring the parole agency to
prepare that report would serve no purpose because the
disposition has already been fixed by agreement. Requiring
preparation of the report—either before or after the admission—
would be “redundantly meaningless.” (See People v. Cisneros-
Ramirez (2018) 29 Cal.App.5th 393, 401-408 [criminal
defendant’s plea and express waiver of right to appeal implicitly
waives statutory right to seek appeal through certificate-of-
appealability process].) This is undoubtedly why, prior to 1996, a
defendant’s decision to press forward with resentencing without a
statutorily mandated probation report did not invalidate that
resentencing. (People v. Oseguera (1993) 20 Cal.App.4th 290,
293-294, superseded by § 1203, subd. (b)(4).) The case for implicit
waiver is even stronger here, where we know that the defendant
was aware of the statutory requirement of seeking the parole
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agency’s input because the court and defendant’s own attorney
discussed it at various points during the very same hearing
where defendant admitted the parole violation.
Second, a defendant’s waiver of the right to insist that the
trial court refer the district attorney’s petition to the parole
agency and consider the agency’s responsive report need not be
express. This particular right is solely statutory. (§ 1203.2, subd.
(b)(1); see People v. Dobbins (2005) 127 Cal.App.4th 176, 182
(Dobbins) [right to supplemental probation report is purely
statutory].) To be sure, a defendant has a constitutional due
process right to a “preliminary” revocation hearing as well as the
“opportunity for a final hearing” (DeLeon, supra, 3 Cal.5th at pp.
644, 653-655), but defendant here expressly waived that right
when he admitted his violation. However, the contours of
defendant’s statutory right to a report under section 1203.2 is,
like all statutory rights, defined by the plain text of the statute
itself. (Lee v. Hanley (2015) 61 Cal.4th 1225, 1232-1233.) Section
1203.2 is silent as to how a defendant may waive his right to
have the trial court obtain a report regarding district-attorney-
filed petitions for revocation of parole, but our Legislature has,
since 1996, required the defendant’s waiver of his right to a
probation report be through “written stipulation” or “oral
stipulation in open court.” (§ 1203, subd. (b)(4); Dobbins, at p.
182.) Given the close relationship between revocations of parole
and probation, our Legislature’s decision to require an express
waiver for one but not the other strongly evinces its intent that
waivers of parole reports in these situations may be express or
implicit. (In re Khalid H. (1992) 6 Cal.App.4th 733, 736 [“When a
statute omits a provision which another statute embracing a
similar subject includes, a different legislative intent for each
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statute is indicated.”].) Because both statutes governing
revocation of probation and parole use the word “shall,”
defendant’s observation that section 1203.2 uses the word “shall”
does not detract from our analysis.
DISPOSITION
The order is affirmed.
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION.
______________________, J.
HOFFSTADT
We concur:
_________________________, P. J.
LUI
_________________________, J.
CHAVEZ
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