Filed 11/12/20 P. v. Rich CA3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
(El Dorado)
----
THE PEOPLE, C088501
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Super. Ct. No. P18CRF0289)
v.
RONALD PAUL RICH,
Defendant and Appellant.
Defendant Ronald Paul Rich pleaded no contest to possession of a firearm,
possession of ammunition, and possession of methamphetamine while armed with a
loaded firearm. Defendant contends the sentence for the possession of a firearm offense
should be stayed under Penal Code section 6541 because it resulted from the same
conduct as the possession of methamphetamine while armed with a loaded firearm
offense. Defendant also asks us to correct an error on the abstract of judgment. We will
1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code.
1
order the abstract corrected, remand the matter to allow the court to state the statutory
basis for fees and assessments imposed at sentencing, and otherwise affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Detectives from the El Dorado County Sheriff’s Office came to defendant’s home
to question him about the location of a person for whom they were searching.
Defendant’s father answered the door, and escorted the detectives to defendant’s
bedroom, where defendant was sleeping. One of the detectives spoke with him briefly,
then defendant pulled out a revolver and pointed it at the detective. The detectives
retreated outside. A short time later, defendant followed them outside and apologized,
saying he did not realize who they were.
Defendant then allowed the detectives back into his home, where they noticed the
gun defendant had pointed at the detective, a .32-caliber revolver, in a partially open
dresser drawer. The revolver was loaded. He later told the detectives he kept the
revolver under his pillow and used it for protection. On top of the dresser, the detectives
also noticed three baggies of methamphetamine. Defendant granted permission to search
his home. The detectives found methamphetamine paraphernalia, as well as ammunition
scattered throughout the bedroom. They found two .44-caliber pistols in a holster
hanging in the bedroom. They also found ammunition throughout the home. Finally,
there were two rifles in soft rifle cases lying on a couch in the living room. The rifles
were not loaded.
Defendant pleaded no contest to one count of possession of a firearm by a felon
(§ 29800, subd. (a)(1)) based on the possession of “a .32 Cal. Harrington/Richardson
Revolver, Fllipietta [sic] .44 Cal. Rifle, Fllipietta [sic] .44 Cal Pistol, [and] Columbia
rifle,” one count of possession of ammunition by a felon (§ 30305, subd. (a)(1)), and one
count of possession of a controlled substance while armed with a firearm based on the
possession of a loaded, operable “.32 Cal. Harrington/Richardson Revolver.” (Health &
Saf. Code, § 11370.1, subd. (a).) He also admitted a prior strike conviction.
2
The trial court sentenced defendant to serve a four-year term (double the low term)
in state prison for the possession of a controlled substance count. The court also imposed
a 32-month concurrent sentence for the possession of a firearm count (double the low
term) and a 32-month concurrent sentence for the possession of ammunition count
(double the low term). The court noted the sentences could have been imposed
consecutively, but would instead run concurrently.2 The trial court determined the latter
sentences should not be stayed under section 654 because they involved “a different set
of factors than the possession while armed with a firearm and possessing
methamphetamine.”
Finally, the court ordered defendant to pay a fee under Health and Safety Code
section 11372.7, in the amount of $150 plus penalty assessments of $285, for a total of
$435. The abstract of judgment contains a note in section 13 that orders the payment of a
$145 fee under Health and Safety Code section 11372.5, subdivision (a), and a $500 fee
under Health and Safety Code section 11372.7, subdivision (a).
DISCUSSION
I
Section 654
Defendant contends the sentence for the possession of a firearm offense should
have been stayed under section 654 because it resulted from the same conduct as the
possession of a controlled substance while armed with a firearm offense. We disagree.
“Section 654 . . . ‘ “precludes multiple punishment for a single act or for a course
of conduct comprising indivisible acts. ‘Whether a course of criminal conduct is
2 The court apparently misspoke and swapped the words “consecutively” and
“concurrently” at the hearing, but the interpretation corresponding to the court’s actions
is that the sentences could have been imposed consecutively, but would be imposed
concurrently.
3
divisible . . . depends on the intent and objective of the actor.’ [Citations.] ‘[I]f all the
offenses were merely incidental to, or were the means of accomplishing or facilitating
one objective, defendant may be found to have harbored a single intent and therefore may
be punished only once.’ [Citation.]” [Citation.]’ . . . [¶] Whether section 654 applies in
a given case is a question of fact for the trial court, which is vested with broad latitude in
making its determination.” (People v. Jones (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 1139, 1143
(Jones).) Thus, such a determination is “a factual determination that must be sustained
on appeal if supported by substantial evidence.” (People v. Osband (1996) 13 Cal.4th
622, 730.) “We review the trial court’s findings ‘in a light most favorable to the
respondent and presume in support of the order the existence of every fact the trier could
reasonably deduce from the evidence. [Citation.]’ ” (People v. Green (1996)
50 Cal.App.4th 1076, 1085.)
“ ‘ “Whether a violation of [former] section 12021, forbidding persons convicted
of felonies from possessing firearms . . . constitutes a divisible transaction from the
offense in which he [or she] employs the weapon depends upon the facts and evidence of
each individual case. Thus where the evidence shows a possession distinctly antecedent
and separate from the primary offense, punishment on both crimes has been approved.
On the other hand, where the evidence shows a possession only in conjunction with the
primary offense, then punishment for the illegal possession of the firearm has been held
to be improper where it is the lesser offense.” ’ [Citations.]” (Jones, supra,
103 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1143-1144, fn. omitted.) “[A] single possession or carrying of a
single firearm on a single occasion may be punished only once under section 654.”
(People v. Jones (2012) 54 Cal.4th 350, 357.) However, “ ‘simultaneous possession of
different items of contraband’ are separate acts” because “ ‘the possession of one item is
not essential to the possession of another separate item.’ ” (Id. at p. 358.) Thus, for
example, “a felon who possesses several firearms is more culpable than one who
possesses a single weapon.” (People v. Correa (2012) 54 Cal.4th 331, 342.) To be
4
convicted of possession of a controlled substance while armed with a firearm, a defendant
must be “armed with a loaded, operable firearm.” (Health & Saf. Code, § 11370.1, subd.
(a).)
Defendant relies on People v. Williams (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 587 for the
conclusion that his possession of a firearm sentence must be stayed under section 654. In
Williams, a trial court found that a firearm possession conviction and a possession of a
controlled substance conviction shared the same act and intent, but imposed the sentences
for the convictions concurrently, rather than staying the sentence for one of the
convictions under section 654. (Williams, at pp. 645-646.) The Court of Appeal
concluded the trial court erred by not staying the sentence. (Ibid.) But, as defendant
acknowledges, Williams is distinguishable because the factual basis in this case parcels
out specific firearms to their corresponding offenses. (Id. at p. 596.) Moreover, the trial
court found the possession of a firearm and possession of methamphetamine while armed
offenses involved separate acts. We thus need only “determine whether the court’s
finding is supported by substantial evidence.” (People v. Vang (2010) 184 Cal.App.4th
912, 916.)
Defendant’s conviction for possession of methamphetamine while armed with a
firearm rested on his possession of a .32-caliber revolver that he kept under his pillow--
the prosecution charged the crime specifying the revolver, and the trial court recited this
basis while accepting defendant’s change of plea. The .32-caliber revolver was loaded
and placed under defendant’s pillow in his bedroom, where it would be within easy reach
and in ready condition to use. The revolver, like all of defendant’s handguns, was kept in
the bedroom, close in proximity to defendant’s methamphetamine and drug
paraphernalia. Defendant explained to detectives that he kept the revolver for his
protection.
Defendant’s conviction for possession of a firearm rested on his possession of all
the firearms found in his home--the .32-caliber revolver, the .44-caliber pistols, and the
5
two rifles. Unlike the revolver and pistols, the rifles were unloaded and were kept in the
living area in soft cases on the couch. Defendant did not explain his intent behind the
possession of the rifles. Because of the location and condition of the rifles, it is a
reasonable inference they were not immediately useable to protect or facilitate
defendant’s possession of methamphetamine. Nor could possession of the rifles have
formed the basis of the possession of methamphetamine while armed offense, which
requires a loaded, rather than unloaded, firearm. The intent behind each possession was
distinct and the possession of each firearm constituted a separate act under section 654.
We conclude substantial evidence supports the trial court’s conclusion the possession of a
firearm offense was separate from the possession of methamphetamine while armed with
a firearm offense.
II
Abstract of Judgment
Defendant argues the abstract of judgment states he is required to pay a $145 fee
and a $500 fee under Health and Safety Code sections 11372.5 and 11372.7, respectively,
while the oral pronouncement of judgment only ordered him to pay a fee of $435 under
Health and Safety Code section 11372.7, and no fee under Health and Safety Code
section 11372.5. The People concede this error. We agree the abstract should be
corrected and additionally direct the trial court to clarify the statutory bases for the
penalty assessments to the imposed fee.
A minute order or abstract of judgment cannot override or displace the trial court’s
oral pronouncement of judgment. (People v. Mitchell (2001) 26 Cal.4th 181, 185; People
v. Zackery (2007) 147 Cal.App.4th 380, 385.) Moreover, trial courts must include in
their judgments the statutory basis for every fine, fee, or assessment imposed. (People v.
High (2004) 119 Cal.App.4th 1192, 1200; see also People v. Sharret (2011) 191
Cal.App.4th 859, 864.) At the sentencing hearing, the trial court ordered defendant to
pay a fee of $150 under Health and Safety Code section 11372.7, with additional penalty
6
assessments of $285, for a total of $435. The court did not provide any breakdown of the
penalty assessments or list their statutory bases. Nor did the court order any fee under
Health and Safety Code section 11372.5, as the abstract of judgment states. We will
remand so the trial court may correct these errors and fully list the statutory bases of the
fines, fees, and penalties imposed.
DISPOSITION
The matter is remanded to the trial court to allow the court to identify the penalty
assessments attached to the fee imposed under Health and Safety Code section 11372.7
and the corresponding statutory bases. The trial court is directed to prepare an amended
abstract of judgment that strikes the $145 fee and $500 fee under Health and Safety Code
sections 11372.5 and 11372.7 and lists the statutory basis for each assessment imposed,
and to forward a certified copy to the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. The
judgment is otherwise affirmed.
/s/
HOCH, J.
We concur:
/s/
BLEASE, Acting P. J.
/s/
HULL, J.
7