*1081 Where a corporation is party to a contract with creditor banks forbidding, without written permission of the banks, the declaration of dividends, such corporation being in dire financial straits, which fact is well known to the banks, held, it is not necessary, as a prerequisite to taking credit under section 26(c)(1) of the Revenue Act of 1936, that the corporation request and obtain written refusal of permission to pay dividends.
*1237 OPINION.
VAN FOSSAN: The respondent determined a deficiency of $9,427.59 in income tax for the taxable year 1936 consequent on the disallowance of a credit of $46,404.83 claimed by petitioner on account of a contract restricting the payment of dividends. The contract, dated November 25, 1935, was with the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Georgia, and the First National Bank of Birmingham, Alabama. It provided:
So long as said items of indebtedness, or either of them, are unpaid, the company will not declare dividends in any form on its capital*1082 stock except with the permission, in writing, of the National Bank and the Reserve Bank.
The respondent held:
The quoted provision of the contract does not contain language which would operate as a legal restriction upon you as to any amounts which can be distributed as dividends, unless the written permission of the bank or banks to make such distribution is refused. Since written permission of the bank or banks to declare a dividend was not refused, this paragraph does not operate to quality you for the allowance of a credit under the provisions of Section 26(c)(1) of the Revenue Act of 1936, and the credit taken on your return is, therefore, disallowed.
The facts were stipulated in large part and the stipulation was made part of the record in the case. Certain additional facts were adduced by oral testimony.
The contract above referred to dealt with an indebtedness of petitioner to the National Bank in the sum of $163,750, evidenced by two notes, and obligated the Reserve Bank to participate in the carrying of the loan. Paragraph 18 of the contract set forth the restriction on the payment of dividends above quoted. At various times during 1936 petitioner sought and*1083 obtained from the banks concessions reducing the monthly payments under the contract.
*1238 During 1936 petitioner sustained a large operating loss and its financial position was badly strained. To obtain working capital, meet pay rolls, and similar accounts and continue to operate, petitioner was obliged to sell securities already pledged to the banks. Numerous conferences were held with bank officials and the officials were reluctant to make concessions. At the end of 1936 arrears on monthly payments under the contract amounted to $40,000. Petitioner had but $5,000 in cash and was dependent on collections to meet pay rolls then due. There was also approximately $50,000 then due in accounts payable. Petitioner had no free or unpledged assets.
Petitioner, during the taxable year, did not declare or pay a dividend of any type on its capital stock. It did not request, either orally or in writing, permission from either of the banks to pay a dividend nor was such permission granted. It is stipulated that had such request either orally or in writing been made of the banks, the request would have been refused. Sound business and banking practice would not have sanctioned*1084 the payment of a dividend in any form during 1936. Petitioner's officers knew from their many conferences with bank officials that a request to pay dividends would be refused and would have discredited them with the banks.
Though no copy of any ruling of the respondent was presented at the hearing, reference was made to a letter written by the Commissioner under date of December 23, 1936, to a firm of attorneys at Toledo, Ohio, respecting a similar situation in which it appears that the Commissioner stated that in such a case formal written application for permission to pay dividends was a prerequisite regardless of the known futility of such action. This letter was not formally or officially published, but it was agreed that the letter appeared during 1937 in privately printed tax services. Petitioner had no knowledge of this letter in 1936.
At the hearing respondent's counsel, with commendable frankness, admitted that the proposed interpretation of section 26(c)(1) of the Revenue Act of 1936 1 in this case seemed harsh. We will go further *1239 and hold that it is arbitrary and without legal sanction. There had been no authoritative published ruling or interpretation*1085 by the Commissioner and, hence, petitioner had no notice, either actual or imputed, of any such procedure. In fact, no such procedure was legally required. In the situation present, it would have been a vain and purposeless thing for petitioner to make the request. Petitioner was bound by the contract provision against dividends. The situation is just such as the statute was designed to meet. Respondent is reversed.
*1086 Decision will be entered for the petitioner.
Footnotes
1. SEC. 26 CREDITS OF CORPORATIONS.
In the case of a corporation the following credits shall be allowed to the extent provided in the various sections imposing tax -
* * *
(c) CONTRACTS RESTRICTING PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. -
(1) PROHIBITION ON PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. - An amount equal to the excess of the adjusted net income over the aggregate of the amounts which can be distributed within the taxable year as dividends without violating a provision of a written contract executed by the corporation prior to May 1, 1936, which provision expressly deals with the payment of dividends. If a corporation would be entitled to a credit under this paragraph because of a contract provision and also to one or more credits because of other contract provisions, only the largest of such credits shall be allowed, and for such purpose if two or more credits are equal in amount only one shall be taken into account. ↩