*834 1. In 1929 petitioner and his then wife agreed upon a division of their property acquired during marriage, and transferred to a corporation, with certain exceptions, all of such property in consideration of its agreement to provide an annuity for life to each. A suit was then pending by the wife for division of property and maintenance, but not divorce. The agreement provided relinquishment by the wife of right to alimony, support, and maintenance. The wife had property, the property conveyed to the corporation belonged to both, and both executed conveyances. It was conveyed absolutely to the corporation, with no remainder or other right reserved by the husband. The parties were divorced in 1932. Held, moneys received from the annuity by the former wife, in 1934, were not the income of petitioner.
2. The consideration paid in property for the two annuities was greater than the amount for which the annuities could have been purchased, so that there could be no exclusion from gross income under the provisions of section 22(b)(2), Revenue Act of 1934. Held, the act is not unconstitutional, the impossibility of petitioner's recovery of the corpus of the investment*835 in the annuity resulting from his payment of an excessive price for the annuity, and not from the provisions of the act, and the act providing a tax upon the income from the investment.
*674 This proceeding involves income tax liability for the year 1934. The respondent determined a deficiency of $7,730.72, by reason of including in petitioner's income the sum of $15,000 received by him upon an annuity contract, and the sum of $25,000 alleged to have been received upon an annuity contract by petitioner's former wife. It is now stipulated that the former wife received only $20,000. Respondent's theory is that, under section 22(b)(2) of the Revenue Act of 1934, the annuity income received by petitioner is taxable, except that there is to be excluded from gross income the excess of the amount received over an amount equal to 3 percent of the consideration paid for the annuity, and that the amount paid for the annuity herein was such that the 3 percent was greater than the $15,000 received. As to the $20,000 received*836 by petitioner's former wife and included in petitioner's income, respondent contends that the payments were made in discharge of petitioner's marital obligations and therefore were taxable to him. Petitioner urges unconstitutionality of the statute, and further that the payments received by the former wife were received as proceeds of her own separate estate, and therefore have no connection with petitioner's tax liability.
FINDINGS OF FACT.
F. A. Gillespie, a resident of Oklahoma, born April 22, 1968, and Maud Gillespie, born June 9, 1872, were married in 1892. Neither at that time owned any property and neither inherited any property during marriage; all the property involved in this proceeding was *675 acquired during their marriage. On February 9, 1921, F. A. Gillespie executed a deed of trust reciting a transfer to Maud Gillespie, several years earlier, of equitable title to certain property, and recognizing his trusteeship for her as to 1,995 shares of F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co. out of 9,995 shares owned by himself, wife, and sons and held in trust by him. On May 15, 1929, at which time there was pending in court an action by the wife for division of property*837 and maintenance, but not for divorce or alimony, they entered into a written agreement settling property rights between them; the agreement providing, inter alia, that the property owned by them, having been acquired since marriage, was therefore community property and was by the instrument transferred to each other (as provided therein), the provisions being, in effect that, with the exception of certain property and cash going to each, all other property was conveyed to the F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co. in consideration of payment by that company of annunties for life to each, and that the wife agreed never to claim alimony, support, or maintenance (though also providing that the agreement was not to be construed as contemplating divorce). On the same day, pursuant to the written agreement, they conveyed all their property, except certain reservations to each, to F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co., all the stock of which was held by the family, including their sons. The company agreed to pay F. A. Gillespie $15,000 per year for life and to pay Maud Gillespie $15,000 per year for life, and an additional at least $10,000 per year for life out of dividends, or if not from dividends, to pay*838 $10,000 per year for life in any event.
The fair value of the property conveyed to F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co. on May 15, 1929, was not less than $1,417,757.50.
On February 19, 1932, the parties were divorced, the divorce decree confirming and adopting the property settlement of May 15, 1929, as disposition of property rights between the divorced parties. The action of the officers of F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co. in executing the contract of May 15, 1929, was ratified by the directors by resolution on February 18, 1932. In the taxable year 1934 F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co. paid to Maud Gillespie $20,000 and to F. A. Gillespie $15,000, under the agreement of May 15, 1929. An annuity paying F. A. Gillespie $15,000 per year could have been purchased on May 15, 1929, for a lump sum of $153,752: Maud Gillespie on May 15, 1929, could have purchased an annuity paying her $20,000 per year for life for $262,050, and an annuity paying $25,000 per year for life for $327,562.50.
OPINION.
DISNEY: Two questions are here presented: (1) Was $15,000 received by petitioner in 1934 taxable to him under section 22(b)(2) *676 of the Revenue Act of 1934 as received under an annuity, or*839 exempt from taxation because constituting only a return of corpus, petitioner contending that the statute is unconstitutional? (2) Was $20,000 received by petitioner's former wife during 1934 taxable to him as paid her in discharge of petitioner's marital obligations?
As to the first proposition: Section 22(b)(2) of the Revenue Act of 1934 1 specifically provides that amounts received as an annuity under any annuity or endowment shall be included in gross income, except the excess of amount received in the taxable year over an amount equal to 3 percent of the aggregate premiums or consideration paid for such annuity. Unconstitutionality of the act must clearly appear before we are justified in holding that it should not be enforced. . Petitioner contends that, since at time of purchase of the annuity petitioner was of the age of 60 years, and his wife, for whom an annuity was purchased at the same time out of the same lump consideration, was of the age of 56 years, and the consideration paid was of an agreed value of at least $1,417,757.50, therefore neither petitioner nor the wife could, during their lifetime, receive*840 back the corpus of the investment, with resultant unconstitutionality of the statute; and further that in any event there should be excluded from gross income under the statute the excess of the amount received on annuity over 3 percent of the amount necessary to purchase the annuities. As to this suggestion, it seems sufficient to state that the statute does not provide for computation of the 3 percent on some amount reasonably necessary to purchase the annuity in question, but designates 3 percent of the "consideration paid for such annuity." Here the annuities were received pursuant to a contract transferring property of much greater value than the amount which would have been necessary to purchase the annuities from a life insurance company. If the amount *677 of the value of such property is the amount of "consideration paid for such annuity", then we can not, under the statute, find any other amount as the basis for computing the 3 percent. Property agreed to have a value of at least $1,417,757.50 was conveyed. The contract between petitioner, his then wife, and the company thereafter paying the annuity, conveying the property to the company recites that the annuities*841 were to be paid " as part consideration" for the transfer of the property; whereas a companion agreement between petitioner and his then wife, executed the same day and upon the same subject. recites that "in consideration of the conveyance of said property to such corporation" they will cause the corporation to pay the two annuities. No other consideration for the property conveyance to the corporation, other than the payment of the annuities, appears in the contracts. We conclude, therefore, that the property of the value above stated was the consideration for the two annuities. The wife was to receive $25,000 per year. It is obvious that, based upon a consideration of $1,417,757.50, the 3 percent would exceed the entire amount of both annuities provided for, and exceed by a greater amount the $35,000 of actual receipts within the taxable year under the two annuities by both petitioner and his former wife, and therefore no amount remains for exclusion from gross income under the provisions of the statute - with the result that the entire amount of the annuities is taxable - provided the statute is constitutional. Obviously, it is not unconstitutional by reason of the fact that*842 such a large amount was paid as consideration for the annuities as to leave, as above seen, no deduction or exclusion from gross income; for such situation arose because of payment for the annuities of an amount greater than they could have been purchased for, from insurance companies, and not because of the statute itself, which, by its terms, had the annuities been purchased at the prices at which they could have been obtained, would, though taxing the amount received as annuity, have allowed an exclusion of a considerable amount thereof from gross income. The result of the statute, so applied, is to permit recoupment of original cost of annuity (calculated according to life expectancies), but to require payment of tax upon what the legislative body believed to be the income ordinarily realized by the annuitant. That in this particular case the result is different is plainly not due to the statute, but to payment of an excessive proce for the annuity, which demonstrates that unconstitutionality of the statute has not been shown, the corpus of the investment not appearing to have been invaded for taxing purposes. We therefore conclude that the statute is not unconstitutional, and*843 that respondent did not err in his determination of deficiency so far as same is based upon the $15,000 annuity received by petitioner.
*844 *678 Was the $20,000 received by petitioner's former wife properly included in his income? The answer depends, in the first instance, upon whether his property was paid for the annuity, the income of which was received in 1934 by his former wife. It was paid for during the coverture, at a time when marital difficulties were being experienced between petitioner and his then wife, and the agreement recites that the wife gives up any claim of alimony, support, or maintenance, but this does not determine that the payment was made by him. Respondent has apparently assumed that the property transferred in payment stood in the name of and belonged to petitioner, and of course petitioner has the burden of showing otherwise. But we think he has so shown, by the only evidence before us. The record is devoid of any evidence as to who was record owner of the property conveyed, and petitioner furnished the only direct light upon the subject when he testified "It was both of our property." It is true that he had just given his mere opinion that she owned half of the property, but, without giving such expression of opinion weight, we have in the above quoted language a positive statement*845 that the property belonged to both husband and wife. The record shows that the wife did own separate property, for on February 9, 1921, F. A. Gillespie executed a declaration of trust reciting that several years earlier he had conveyed and transferred to her the equitable title to certain interests in properties, and by the declaration of trust he recognizes his trusteeship for her for 1,995 shares of stock of F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co. out of 9,995 shares held by him for himself, wife, and sons. It is recited that the property, being acquired since marriage, is community property and is "hereby transferred each to the other as follows", pursuant to which each agrees to convey to F. A. Gillespie & Sons Co. (with certain exceptions) all property held jointly, separately standing in their names, or the names of others, in consideration of payment of annuities to each. It is plain, therefore, that the wife did contribute property in payment of the annuity received by her in consideration for the transfer, from which in 1934 she received income, and respondent's determination to the contrary is clearly error, in part at least. They both conveyed property. She signed conveyances. Though*846 this was not community property, the owners not being domiciled in a community property state, their common ownership, shown by the husband's statement above set forth, is presumably upon an equal basis. The agreement and conveyance constituted in effect a division of property and the application by each of his or her share to the acquisition of an annuity. Certainly nothing prevented division of the property which they regarded as commonly owned, and the use thereof when divided does not constitute purchase of the annuity by the husband *679 pursuant to marital duty. We therefore conclude that the wife contributed the property which provided the annuity paid to her in 1934, and that therefore it is not to be included in petitioner's income.
We therefore hold that the respondent was in error in including the $20,000 received by Maud Gillespie in 1934 in petitioner's income.
Reviewed by the Board.
Decision will be entered under Rule 50.
LEECH and MELLOTT dissent.
Footnotes
1. SEC. 22. GROSS INCOME.
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(b) EXCLUSIONS FROM GROSS INCOME. - The following items shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation under this title:
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(2) ANNUITIES, ETC. - Amounts received (other than amounts paid by reason of the death of the insured and interest payments on such amounts and other than amounts received as annuities) under a life insurance or endowment contract, but if such amounts (when added to amounts received before the taxable year under such contract) exceed the aggregate premiums or consideration paid (whether or not paid during the taxable year) then the excess shall be included in gross income. Amounts received as an annuity under an annuity or endowment contract shall be included in gross income; except that there shall be excluded from gross income the excess of the amount received in the taxable year over an amount equal to 3 per centum of the aggregate premiums or consideration paid for such annuity (whether or not paid during such year), until the aggregate amount excluded from gross income under this title or prior income tax laws in respect of such annuity equals the aggregate premiums or consideration paid for such annuity. In the case of a transfer for a valuable consideration, by assignment or otherwise, of a life insurance, endowment, or annuity contract, or any interest therein, only the actual value of such consideration and the amount of the premiums and other sums subsequently paid by the transferee shall be exempt from taxation under paragraph (1) or this paragraph. ↩