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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
RUFUS WEARY :
:
Appellant : No. 3182 EDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 18, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0008916-2008
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., OLSON, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED DECEMBER 11, 2020
Appellant, Rufus Weary, appeals, pro se, from the order entered on
October 18, 2019 in the Criminal Division of the Court of Common Pleas of
Philadelphia County, dismissing his second petition filed pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act, 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546 (“PCRA”). We affirm.
Following trial,1 a jury convicted Appellant of third-degree murder and
related offenses following the homicide death of the victim, David McCoy, who
died of multiple gunshot wounds. On July 16, 2012, the trial court sentenced
Appellant to an aggregate term of 70 to 142 years' imprisonment. On direct
appeal, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence. See
Commonwealth v. Weary, 2014 WL 10917069 (Pa. Super. 2014)
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 We refer here to Appellant’s second trial. His first ended in a mistrial.
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(unpublished memorandum). Our Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition
for allowance of appeal on January 5, 2015. See Commonwealth v. Weary,
106 A.3d 726 (Pa. 2015).
On April 22, 2015, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition, his first. The
PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed an amended petition on June 19,
2016. On December 27, 2016, the PCRA court issued notice of its intent to
dismiss the amended petition pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On January 9,
2017, the court dismissed Appellant’s petition. This Court affirmed the
dismissal of Appellant’s first PCRA petition on July 2, 2018 and our Supreme
Court denied Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal on January 9, 2019.
See Commonwealth v. Weary, 2018 WL 3213888 (Pa. Super. 2018)
(unpublished memorandum), appeal denied, 200 A.3d 437 (Pa. 2019).
Appellant filed the instant PCRA petition, pro se, on February 13, 2019.
Pursuant to Rule 907, the PCRA court, on September 13, 2019, issued notice
of its intent to dismiss and, on October 18, 2019, formally dismissed
Appellant’s petition. Appellant filed a notice of appeal on October 25, 2019.
On November 18, 2019, the PCRA court ordered Appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
Appellant timely complied on November 26, 2019 and the PCRA court issued
its Rule 1925(a) opinion on December 23, 2019.
In its opinion, the PCRA court held that Appellant’s petition was untimely
on its face and that Appellant had not properly invoked any of the three
timeliness exceptions enumerated at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). See PCRA
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Court Opinion, 12/23/19, at 8 and 11. Specifically, the court rejected
Appellant’s reliance upon a Philadelphia County common pleas court decision
to establish a newly-discovered fact for purposes of § 9545(b)(1)(ii). Id. at
8. Notwithstanding this determination, the court examined, in the alternative,
the merits of a related after-discovered fact claim advanced in Appellant’s
petition. The court deemed this claim meritless, and subject to dismissal
without a hearing, after finding that the after-discovered evidence would not
likely produce a different result at a new trial, given that evidence of
Appellant’s guilt from other witnesses and sources was overwhelming. Id. at
10-11.
On appeal, Appellant raises several claims challenging the PCRA court’s
ruling on his after-discovered evidence claim. Before we reach these
contentions, however, we consider the PCRA court’s jurisdictional
determination, which we find dispositive in this case.
Appellate review of an order denying post-conviction relief asks whether
the PCRA court's determination is supported by the evidence of record and
whether it is free of legal error. See Commonwealth v. Ali, 86 A.3d 173,
177 (Pa. 2014). “Where an issue presents a question of law, the appellate
court's standard of review is de novo, and its scope of review is plenary.”
Commonwealth v. Robinson, 139 A.3d 178, 185 (Pa. 2016).
The PCRA is the sole means of obtaining collateral relief on issues
that are cognizable under the statute, see 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9542,
and [our Supreme Court has] held on numerous occasions that
the PCRA[’s] time restrictions are jurisdictional in nature;
consequently, Pennsylvania courts may not entertain untimely
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PCRA petitions. See Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837 A.2d
1157, 1161 (Pa. 2003); Commonwealth v. Brown, 943 A.2d
264, 267 (Pa. 2008). Furthermore, [our Supreme Court has]
observed that the statute “confers no authority upon [any court]
to fashion ad hoc equitable exceptions to the PCRA time-bar in
addition to those exceptions expressly delineated in the Act.”
Robinson, 837 A.2d at 1161, quoting Commonwealth v. Eller,
807 A.2d 838, 845 (Pa. 2002). The time restrictions in the
existing statutory scheme are reasonable and accord finality to
the collateral review process. Commonwealth v. Peterkin, 722
A.2d 638, 642–643 (Pa. 1998).
As noted above, the one-year filing deadline is not absolute. The
PCRA contains three narrow exceptions that enable petitioners to
assert claims after the deadline has passed. The exception at
issue herein, [42 Pa.C.S.A § 9545(b)(1)(ii) and (b)(2)], states in
relevant part:
(b) Time for filing petition.—
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second or
subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the date
the judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges and
the petitioner proves that:
....
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence;
....
(2) Any petition invoking an exception provided in paragraph
(1) shall be filed within [one year] of the date the claim could
have been presented.
42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9545(b)(1)(ii) and (2) [(as amended effective
December 24, 2018)].
Commonwealth v. Watts, 23 A.3d 980, 983 (Pa. 2011) (parallel citations
omitted).
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There is no dispute in this case that the instant petition was filed more
than one year from the date Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final
and, therefore, is untimely on its face. Appellant’s judgment of sentence
became final on April 5, 2015, 90 days after our Supreme Court denied his
petition for allowance of appeal on January 5, 2015. Appellant filed his first
PCRA petition on April 22, 2015 and litigation concluded on January 9, 2019
when the Supreme Court denied allowance of his appeal. Appellant filed his
current petition on February 13, 2019, over three years after his judgment of
sentence became final.
Appellant’s current petition alleged, among other things, that he was
entitled to a new trial because after-discovered evidence would likely compel
a different verdict. See Appellant’s Petition for PCRA Relief, 2/13/19, at 1-2.
To overcome the PCRA’s one-year time bar, Appellant relied upon a judicial
opinion filed on June 7, 2018 by the Honorable M. Teresa Sarmina in
Commonwealth v. Duane Thorpe, CP-51-CR-0011433-2088 (Phil. Com. Pl.
2018). In that case, Judge Sarmina granted Thorpe’s timely petition for
collateral relief in which he requested a new trial based upon after-discovered
evidence. In particular, Judge Sarmina found, after a lengthy evidentiary
hearing, that a Philadelphia homicide detective, James Pitts, habitually
employed threats, bullying, and physical force to coerce witnesses and
suspects to sign false statements that were consistent with the detective’s
prompts and suggestions. Because Detective Pitts’ interrogation methods
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were habitual, and not merely a function of character, evidence of his prior
acts would be admissible to challenge the reliability of signed statements he
obtained from interview subjects. Compare Pa.R.E. 406 (“Evidence of a
person's habit or an organization's routine practice may be admitted to prove
that on a particular occasion the person or organization acted in accordance
with the habit or routine practice.”) with Pa.R.E. 404(a)(1) (“Evidence of a
person's character or character trait is not admissible to prove that on a
particular occasion the person acted in accordance with the character or
trait.”). If believed, such evidence could preclude the use of challenged
statements as substantive, or even impeachment, evidence. See
Commonwealth v. Brown, 52 A.3d 1139, 1159 (Pa. 2012) (discussing
general requirements for finding sufficient reliability in prior inconsistent
statements to allow their use as substantive evidence); Commonwealth v.
Bennett , 450 A.2d 970, 972 (Pa. 1982) (suggesting that coerced statements
are unreliable and, thus, ought to be barred for all purposes, including
impeachment) (Flaherty, J., concurring); Pa.R.E. 803.1 (criteria for admission
of prior inconsistent statements as substantive evidence); Pa.R.E. 613
(allowing impeachment of witness's credibility through prior inconsistent
statement).
Appellant alleged that Judge Sarmina’s opinion constituted a
newly-discovered fact that conferred jurisdiction over his claims leveled
outside the PCRA’s one-year time bar. Appellant’s Petition for PCRA Relief,
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2/13/19, at 4. He further alleged that the ruling, together with the witnesses
and other evidence to which it led, served as after-discovered evidence that
would likely produce a different verdict on his homicide charges. Id.; 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 9542(a)(2)(vi) (recognizing after-discovered evidence as grounds
for relief under the PCRA).
In the context of the present appeal, Appellant alleges that Thorpe
confirms the trial testimony of his sister, Janet Weary, in which she recanted
portions of a statement previously given to investigating officers. At trial, the
Commonwealth offered Ms. Weary’s testimony, in addition to that of other
witnesses, to establish that Appellant possessed a firearm and was present at
the scene of McCoy’s shooting death. Ms. Weary’s testimony centered upon
two statements that she gave to investigators. She gave her first statement
to police officers at a local hospital shortly after she transported the victim
there for medical treatment. In that statement, Ms. Weary identified an
individual other than Appellant as the shooter. Hours later, Ms. Weary was
interviewed again at police headquarters. During her second interview, she
admitted that she summoned her brother (Appellant) to the scene following
an argument she had with a rival drug dealer. She also admitted that she saw
Appellant with a firearm when he arrived at the location to which she
summoned him. At trial, however, Ms. Weary recanted parts of her second
statement to investigators, including her admission that she called Appellant
to the scene and that she saw Appellant with a gun when he arrived. Ms.
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Weary testified that she recanted those portions of her second statement
because they were untrue and the product of coercion by police officials,
including Detective Pitts and others. See N.T. Trial, 5/18/12, at 65-95.
We agree with the PCRA court’s initial conclusion that it lacked
jurisdiction to consider the merits of Appellant’s after-discovered evidence
claim since judicial opinions, with limited exceptions not present here, do not
constitute “facts” and, therefore, Appellant failed to plead and prove the
applicability of Section 9545(b)(1)(ii). The record demonstrates clearly that
the facts that serve as the basis of Appellant’s coercion claim arose from Janet
Weary’s interactions with Philadelphia police and homicide detectives,
including Detective Pitts, and were readily available to Appellant at the time
of trial in May 2012. In view of Ms. Weary’s trial testimony that her statement
placing a firearm in Appellant’s hands at the time and place of the victim’s
shooting was the product of coercion by Detective Pitts, nothing prevented
Appellant from investigating and raising his coercion claim before the trial
court, on direct appeal, or within a timely PCRA petition.
Appellant's attempt to overcome the PCRA time bar by asserting that
Judge Sarmina’s ruling in Thorpe served as the factual predicate of his claim
is both opportunistic and contrary to law. While it may be the case that the
ruling in Thorpe alerted Appellant to a new legal pathway (and new
evidentiary sources) to attack the statement by Janet Weary which put a gun
in his hands at the time and place of the victim’s homicide, it is evident from
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the record that Appellant’s coercion claim is not factually dependent upon what
transpired in the matter pending before Judge Sarmina. In Watts, our
Supreme Court carefully distinguished the concept of “law” from the concept
of “fact”2 and emphasized that “section 9545(b) (1)(ii) applies only if the
petitioner has uncovered facts that could not have been ascertained through
due diligence,” that “judicial determinations are not facts,” and that the
publication of judicial rulings does not trigger section 9545(b)(1)(ii) because
publication does not involve an event that spawns a new legal claim. See
Watts, 23 A.3d at 986-987.
Here, Appellant relies on Judge Sarmina’s ruling in Thorpe to avoid the
one-year time bar by framing the factual predicate of his coercion claim in a
manner that masks the actual basis of his grievance. Viewed properly, the
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2 Our Supreme Court explained:
Black's Law Dictionary explains the distinction [between law and
fact] thusly: “Law is a principle; fact is an event. Law is
conceived; fact is actual. Law is a rule of duty; fact is that which
has been according to or in contravention of the rule.” Black's
Law Dictionary [at] 592 (6th ed.1991). Put another way, “A ‘fact,’
as distinguished from the ‘law,’ ... [is that which] is to be
presumed or proved to be or not to be for the purpose of applying
or refusing to apply a rule of law.” Id. Consistent with these
definitions, an in-court ruling or published judicial opinion is law,
for it is simply the embodiment of abstract principles applied to
actual events. The events that prompted the analysis, which must
be established by presumption or evidence, are regarded as fact.
Watts, 23 A.3d at 986-987.
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facts that support Appellant’s present claim were ascertainable at the time of
trial in 2012 and the PCRA court correctly determined at the outset of its
opinion that the instant petition was untimely, that no exceptions applied, and
that the court lacked jurisdiction to consider Appellant’s claim for relief.
Accordingly, we affirm.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/11/2020
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