NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 17 2020
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
SHALISE AUSTIN, No. 19-35670
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 9:18-cv-00060-JCL
v.
MEMORANDUM*
ANDREW M. SAUL, Commissioner of
Social Security,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Montana
Jeremiah C. Lynch, Magistrate Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted June 1, 2020
Portland, Oregon
Before: BERZON, COLLINS, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.
Shalise Austin appeals the district court’s affirmance of the decision of the
Social Security Administration denying her claim for disability insurance benefits
and supplemental security income. We review the district court’s decision de
novo. Valentine v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 574 F.3d 685, 690 (9th Cir. 2009).
We will set aside the agency’s decision when the findings of the administrative law
judge (“ALJ”) “are based on legal error or are not supported by substantial
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
evidence in the record as a whole.” Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1097 (9th Cir.
1999). “Substantial evidence” is a “term of art” that “means—and means only—
such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a
conclusion.” Biestek v. Berryhill, 139 S. Ct. 1148, 1154 (2019) (simplified).
1. The district court did not abuse its discretion in disregarding the
Commissioner’s alleged violation of a local rule concerning the format of briefs.
Bias v. Moynihan, 508 F.3d 1212, 1223 (9th Cir. 2007). That local rule requires
that, in “Social Security Cases,” each party’s principal brief must contain a
“concise statement of the case setting out the facts relevant to the issues submitted
for review, describing the relevant procedural history, and identifying the rulings
presented for review, with appropriate references to the record.” See D. MONT. L.
CIV. R. 78.2(c)(2). Even if the Commissioner’s brief did not contain any such
statement of the case, the omission makes no difference. Austin’s opening brief in
the district court amply set forth the relevant facts and procedural history, as
framed by the ALJ’s ruling, and the Commissioner’s responsive brief adequately
addressed the relevant points of disagreement. In all events, we review the ALJ’s
decision through the same lens that the district court did, and the Commissioner’s
brief in this court (which contains a fully sufficient statement of facts) renders
irrelevant any conceivable prejudice from any failure to comply with the district
court’s local rule.
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2. The ALJ did not err in concluding that Austin’s disabilities did not
“meet[] or equal[]” a listed impairment. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii).
a. We reject Austin’s contention that the ALJ’s discussion of whether her
impairments met the requirements of “Listing 1.04” was too abbreviated. Because
Austin, during the administrative proceedings, “did not offer any theory, plausible
or otherwise, as to how [her] impairments combined to equal a list[ed]
impairment,” the ALJ was “not required,” in his ruling, “to discuss the combined
effects of [her] impairments or compare them to any listing in an equivalency
determination.” Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 683 (9th Cir. 2005) (discussing
Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 514 (9th Cir. 2001)). Here, the “ALJ appropriately
addressed the issues that [Austin] raised and determined that [she] did not meet or
equal any listing.” Kennedy v. Colvin, 738 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th Cir. 2013). The
substantial evidence supporting that conclusion is evident from the findings
included elsewhere in the ALJ’s ruling. Id.
b. Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s determination that Austin’s
impairments are not equivalent to Listing 1.04, “disorders of the spine.” 20 C.F.R.
pt. 404, subpt. P, app. 1, Listing 1.04. To show equivalence with a listed
impairment, the claimant “must present medical findings equal in severity to all the
criteria for the one most similar listed impairment.” Sullivan v. Zebley, 493 U.S.
521, 531 (1990). As the ALJ elsewhere noted, Austin’s March 2016 MRI revealed
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no “evidence of spinal cord impingements or severe foraminal narrowing,” and a
May 2014 MRI “did not reveal high-grade foraminal stenosis” and showed only
“minor central stenosis.” Moreover, the ALJ pointed to January 2016 treatment
notes indicating that Austin “was able to walk normally” and that “she exhibited
normal extremity muscle tone.” These findings support the conclusion that the
additional criteria of “motor loss (. . . muscle weakness)” (Listing 1.04A) or
“inability to ambulate effectively” (Listing 1.04C) were not met. In light of these
findings, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusion that Austin failed to
show that her impairments “result[ed] in compromise of a nerve root . . . or the
spinal cord” that was “equivalent in severity” to Listing 1.04.
3. In determining Austin’s “residual functional capacity,” the ALJ found
that Austin suffered from underlying impairments that could produce the
symptoms alleged, but the ALJ rejected Austin’s testimony regarding “the
intensity, persistence, or functionally limiting effects” of those symptoms. See 20
C.F.R. § 404.1529(b). “An ALJ may reject a claimant’s testimony about symptom
severity only by offering specific, clear and convincing reasons . . . supported by
substantial evidence from the administrative record.” Marsh v. Colvin, 792 F.3d
1170, 1173 n.2 (9th Cir. 2015) (simplified). The ALJ here provided clear and
convincing reasons that are supported by a permissible reading of the record.
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In discounting Austin’s testimony, the ALJ relied on appropriate factors,
including that the claimed severity of her symptoms was not supported by the
objective medical evidence; that it was inconsistent with her daily activities; and
that her course of medication indicated less severity than she claimed. See 20
C.F.R. § 404.1529(c)(2), (3)(i), (iv); see also Burch, 400 F.3d at 680–81; Rollins v.
Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001). Although there is evidence that
might have supported contrary findings on one or more of these points, substantial
evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusions. Ford v. Saul, 950 F.3d 1141, 1154 (9th
Cir. 2020) (“If the evidence ‘is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation,
it is the ALJ’s conclusion that must be upheld.’” (citation omitted)). Specifically,
the ALJ concluded that multiple MRIs had revealed no “spinal cord impingements
or severe foraminal narrowing”; that the “more recent treatment notes” revealed
that she “was able to walk normally” and did not indicate “greatly reduced ranges
of motion”; that medication “reduced her pain to a ‘tolerable level’”; and that she
had been able to perform a variety of daily activities, including caring for several
children, shopping, and driving. Moreover, the ALJ did not completely discount
her claimed limitations, instead specifically agreeing that her “lumbar pain would
preclude her from more than light work with postural limitations to limit an
increase in her symptoms.” The ALJ’s “clear, convincing and specific reasons for
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partially rejecting” Austin’s testimony were supported by a “‘rational
interpretation’” of the record evidence. Burch, 400 F.3d at 681 (citation omitted).1
4. Austin contends that the ALJ’s hypothetical questions to the vocational
expert were based on the ALJ’s deficient residual functional capacity
determination, which did not reflect her actual limitations. Because we have
rejected Austin’s challenges to the ALJ’s determination of residual functional
capacity, her challenge to the hypotheticals posed to the ALJ likewise fails.
AFFIRMED.
1
On appeal, Austin also contends that the ALJ failed to consider evidence of facet
arthritis in assessing her residual functional capacity. This argument was not
raised in her opening brief in the district court, and it is therefore forfeited. See
Cold Mountain v. Garber, 375 F.3d 884, 891 (9th Cir. 2004). In that brief, Austin
only mentioned facet arthritis in connection with her arguments about Listing 1.04,
but even assuming that she has facet arthritis, her arguments based on Listing 1.04
still fail for the reasons noted earlier.
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