B.S. v. M.M.

[Cite as B.S. v. M.M., 2021-Ohio-176.]

COURT OF APPEALS
STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

B.S. : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellant : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs- :
: Case No. 2020 CA 00111
:
M.M. NKA L.G. :
:
:
Defendant-Appellee : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of
Common Pleas, Domestic Relations
Division, Case No. 2011DR00330

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: January 25, 2021

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant: For Defendant-Appellee:

JEFFREY JAKMIDES TODD A. MAZZOLA
325 East Main Street LISA CAREY DEAN
Alliance, OH 44601 50 South Main Street, 10th Floor
Akron, OH 44308
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 2

Delaney, J.

{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant, B.S. appeals the July 14, 2020 judgment entry of the

Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Divorce and Custody Determination

{¶2} Plaintiff-Appellant, B.S. (“Father”) and Defendant-Appellee, M.M. nka L.G.

(“Mother”) are the parents of two children, M.F.S. (born on January 15, 2003) and M.H.S.

(born on October 7, 2006). The parties were married on August 30, 2003. On March 17,

2011, Father filed a complaint for divorce against Mother. Pursuant to a Magistrate's

Order filed on April 6, 2011, Father was designated temporary residential parent of the

children and Mother was granted visitation.

{¶3} A trial was held on August 31, 2011 on the issue of custody of the children.

Neither party submitted a proposed plan for shared parenting. At the time of the trial,

M.F.S. was eight years old and M.H.S. was four years old. The Guardian Ad Litem

testified at the trial that she recommended that Father be designated the residential

parent for school purposes and that Mother have visitation.

{¶4} Pursuant to a Final Entry Decree of Divorce filed on September 26, 2011,

the trial court designated Father as the residential parent and legal custodian of the

children and granted Mother parenting time. Mother’s parenting time with the children was

Tuesdays and Thursdays from after school until 7:00 p.m., every other weekend and

alternate weeks during the summer school recess. In addition, the trial court ordered

parenting time during holidays and two weeks of vacation during summer recess. Mother

was ordered to pay child support.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 3

{¶5} Mother appealed the Final Entry Decree of Divorce to this Court in [S. v. S],

5th Dist. Stark No. 2011CA00240, 2012-Ohio-4148. She argued the trial court abused its

discretion when it designated Father as the residential parent and legal custodian of the

children. On September 10, 2012, we issued our decision affirming the Final Entry Decree

of Divorce.

Request for Reallocation of Parental Rights and Responsibilities

{¶6} Father and the children resided in Alliance, Ohio, located in Stark County.

They attended school within the Alliance City School District. Father and the children lived

in a rental duplex with paternal grandparents.

{¶7} Mother remarried in 2015 and had a child. She resided in a rental home in

Bath, Ohio, located in Summit County. Her residence was within the Revere Local School

District. She was self-employed as a photographer and her husband was the co-owner of

a local insurance agency in Fairlawn, Ohio.

{¶8} On August 14, 2019, Mother filed a motion for reallocation of parental rights

and responsibilities regarding M.H.S., who was 13 years old. At the time of the divorce

decree, the M.H.S. was four years old. In Mother’s affidavit attached to her motion to

reallocate parental rights and responsibilities, she averred that the child “has consistently

expressed her desire to live with me and attend school from my residence since last fall.”

She referred to an incident where M.H.S. refused to return to Father’s home until she was

removed by law enforcement, an incident of domestic violence where Father grabbed

M.H.S. by her hair, and that M.H.S. had made threats of suicide. Mother contended Father

had not addressed the issues or concerns for M.H.S.’s mental health. Mother stated it
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 4

was in the best interest of M.H.S. for Mother to be named the residential parent and legal

custodian so Mother could address the child’s medical and mental health needs.

{¶9} The trial court appointed a Guardian ad Litem on September 11, 2019. The

GAL filed his 24-page report with the trial court on December 31, 2019. He recommended

the parents enter into a shared parenting plan where Mother would be the residential

parent of M.H.S. If a shared parenting plan was not an option, the GAL recommended

that Mother be named as the sole legal custodian of M.H.S.

{¶10} On October 2, 2019, Father filed a motion to show cause why Mother should

not be held in contempt for her failure to comply with the Final Decree of Divorce. Mother

was ordered to pay child support in the amount of $297.73 per month. Mother was

$18,671.59 in arrears to the Child Support Enforcement Agency and had not made over

one-half of the payments due. Father also argued Mother should be held in contempt for

her failure to return the children to Father after Mother’s weekend visitation on August 11,

2019.

{¶11} A hearing was held on the motion for reallocation of parental rights on

January 7, 2020. There is no transcript of the hearing in the record for this appeal. On

January 16, 2020, the trial court filed its findings of facts, conclusions of law, and decision.

The trial court denied the motion for reallocation of parental rights, finding no change in

circumstances. The trial court noted in is judgment entry that the testimony at the hearing

was consistent that M.H.S. expressed a desire to live with Mother, but neither party

requested the trial court to conduct an in-camera interview with M.H.S. (Finding of Fact

No. 11). The trial court concluded there was sufficient evidence to cause the court to

believe that the child “would prefer to live with her mother and attend school in Revere,
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 5

however, the child's wishes is a best interest factor that cannot be analyzed until a change

of circumstances is established.” (Conclusion of Law No. 2). The trial court determined

there was no change in the circumstances of the child or the child's residential parent and

therefore it was precluded from considering the motion and the factors surrounding the

child's best interest. (Decision No. 1).

{¶12} Mother appealed the trial court’s January 16, 2020 judgment entry to this

Court in [S. v. M.], 5th Dist. Stark No. 2020 CA 00036, 2020-Ohio-3512. She argued the

trial court abused its discretion in declining to consider the child's wishes given the child's

advanced age and the intervening events in the child's life in determining no change in

circumstances. Id. at ¶ 8. Based upon our analysis of R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a) and our prior

decisions, we agreed with Mother that the trial court abused its discretion when it failed

to consider the child’s wishes as a change in circumstances. We acknowledged that a

child’s desire to live with a particular parent, without more, does not constitute a change

of circumstance. [S. v. M.] at ¶ 14 citing Davis v. Davis, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2016

AP 05 0031, 2016-Ohio-7205, ¶ 38. The analysis requires the trial court to determine

whether the child's age, coupled with the desire to live with a different parent, constitutes

a change in circumstances. Id. In Boone v. Kaser, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No.

2001AP050050, 2001 WL 1011453, *2 (Aug. 28, 2001), we held “the passage of time

during a significant developmental portion of a child's life, combined with other pertinent

factors, such as the child's expressed desires to reside with mother, supports the trial

court's finding of a change of circumstances, requiring further inquiry by a trial court.” [S.

v. M.] at ¶ 16. With this guidance, we reversed the judgment entry and remanded the
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 6

matter to the trial court to consider the wishes of M.H.S. to determine whether there had

been a change of circumstances. Id. at ¶¶ 17-18.

Consideration of the Child’s Wishes

{¶13} In accordance with our June 26, 2020 decision remanding the matter to the

trial court for consideration of the child’s wishes, the trial court considered the evidence

presented at the January 7, 2020 hearing and issued its findings of fact, conclusions of

law, and decision on July 14, 2020. After reconsidering the findings of fact pursuant to

our ruling, the trial court concluded there had been a change of circumstances:

As directed by the Court of Appeals, the court finds that a change of

circumstance has occurred in the mother’s situation with her remarriage,

birth of her son and her career as a photographer.

Given the child’s wishes and age, the court finds that a substantial

change of circumstances exists. The evidence does indicate that [M.H.S.]’s

grades have slipped. The Guardian ad Litem reported that her interim report

card came back with two F’s, three C’s and two A’s. However, since [M.H.S.]

has been placed on medication for ADHD, her algebra grade has gone up

from an F to a B-. The Guardian further wrote that [M.H.S.]’s counselor

found her to be a very intelligent young lady with the ability to think outside

the box, and that she follows the rules at the school and complies with adult

direction.

Child Protective Services did not substantiate any allegations of

domestic violence or abuse nor did the Guardian.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 7

There is sufficient evidence to cause the court to believe that [M.H.S.]

would prefer to live with her mother and attend school in Revere.

(Conclusions of Law No. 2).

{¶14} The trial court then considered the best intertest of [M.H.S.] and found a

modification would be in her best interest. (Conclusions of Law Nos. 3-4). The trial court

concluded that while shared parenting would be a preferred option, it was not requested

by the parents. It named Mother as the sole legal custodian of M.H.S. with her parenting

time commencing the beginning of the 2020 school year. (Conclusions of Law No. 4).

{¶15} Additionally, the trial court found Mother in contempt for her nonpayment

of support as ordered. The trial court further found Mother in contempt for her deviation

from the weekend visitation schedule. Based upon Mother’s contempt of the trial court’s

orders in two instances, the trial court sentenced Mother to 15 days in the Stark County

Jail. The jail sentence was suspended on condition that Mother continue to make monthly

payments towards her arrearages on child support and no further violation of the

parenting time order. She could purge the contempt by paying the arrearages within 30

days.

{¶16} The parties submitted proposed child support worksheets and supporting

evidence on July 14, 2020. On August 18, 2020, the trial court ordered Father to pay child

support in the amount of $247.99 per month.

Appeal

{¶17} On August 10, 2020, Father filed a notice of appeal of the July 14, 2020

judgment entry. In his notice of appeal, he requested the Stark County Clerk of Courts file
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 8

the “docket and journal entries only, no transcript of the proceedings.” It is from this record

we consider Father’s appeal.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

{¶18} Father raises one Assignment of Error:

{¶19} “THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT DETERMINED

MOTHER’S REQUEST FOR MODIFICATION WAS IN [M.H.S.]’S BEST INTEREST AND

THAT ANY HARM POTENTIALLY CAUSED BY MOTHER’S REQUESTED

MODIFICATION IS OUTWEIGHED BY ITS ADVANTAGES.”

ANALYSIS

{¶20} Father contends in his sole Assignment of Error that the trial court abused

its discretion when it granted a reallocation of parental rights to Mother. We disagree.

{¶21} A trial court reviews a motion to reallocate parental rights and

responsibilities under R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a) which states as follows:

(E)(1)(a) The court shall not modify a prior decree allocating parental rights

and responsibilities for the care of children unless it finds, based on facts

that have arisen since the prior decree or that were unknown to the court at

the time of the prior decree, that a change has occurred in the

circumstances of the child, the child's residential parent, or either of the

parents subject to a shared parenting decree, and that the modification is

necessary to serve the best interest of the child. In applying these

standards, the court shall retain the residential parent designated by the

prior decree or the prior shared parenting decree, unless a modification is

in the best interest of the child and one of the following applies:
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 9

(i) The residential parent agrees to a change in the residential parent

or both parents under a shared parenting decree agree to a change

in the designation of residential parent.

(ii) The child, with the consent of the residential parent or of both

parents under a shared parenting decree, has been integrated into

the family of the person seeking to become the residential parent.

(iii) The harm likely to be caused by a change of environment is

outweighed by the advantages of the change of environment to the

child.

Therefore, in determining whether to make a modification, a trial court must consider (1)

whether a change in circumstances has occurred, (2) whether a modification is in the

child's best interest, and (3) whether the benefits that result from the change of

environment outweigh any harm.

{¶22} On appeal, our standard of review in assessing the disposition of child

custody matters is that of abuse of discretion. Salameh v. Salameh, 5th Dist. Delaware

No. 19 CAF 01 0008, 2019-Ohio-5390, ¶ 108 citing Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 523

N.E.2d 846 (1988). In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial

court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable and not merely an error

of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).

Furthermore, as an appellate court reviewing evidence in custody matters, we do not

function as fact finders; we neither weigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of

witnesses. Our role is to determine whether there is relevant, competent, and credible

evidence upon which the fact finder could base his or her judgment. Dinger v. Dinger, 5th
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 10

Dist. Stark No. 2001CA00039, 2001-Ohio-1386. Because custody issues are some of the

most difficult and agonizing decisions a trial judge must make, he or she must have wide

latitude in considering all the evidence. Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 674 N.E.2d

1159 (1997).

{¶23} The trial court is “best able to view the witnesses and observe their

demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the

credibility of the proffered testimony.” Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77,

461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984). Deferential review in a child custody determination is especially

crucial “where there may be much evidence by the parties' demeanor and attitude that

does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 674 N.E.2d

1159 (1997). We are mindful that the knowledge a trial court gains through observing the

witnesses and the parties in a custody proceeding cannot be conveyed to a reviewing

court by a printed record, and the reviewing court should be guided by the presumption

that the trial court's findings were correct. See, Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 523

N.E.2d 846 (1988).

{¶24} Before we examine Father’s arguments, we note that a transcript of the

January 7, 2020 hearing on the motion for reallocation of parental rights was not

submitted with this appeal. Pursuant to App.R. 9(B)(1), “[i]t is the obligation of the

appellant to ensure that the proceedings the appellant considers necessary for inclusion

in the record, however those proceedings were recorded, are transcribed in a form that

meets the specifications of App.R. 9(B)(6).” When portions of the transcript necessary for

resolution of assigned errors are omitted from the record, the reviewing court has nothing

to pass upon and thus, as to those assigned errors, the court has no choice but to
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 11

presume the validity of the lower court's proceedings, and affirm. Goble v. Grosswiler, 5th

Dist. Richland No. 2018 CA 0102, 2019-Ohio-4443, 2019 WL 5595795, ¶ 35 citing Knapp

v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 400 N.E.2d 384 (1980). Pursuant to that

standard, we consider Father’s arguments.

Change of Circumstances

{¶25} As stated above, the trial court is required to engage in a three-pronged

analysis to determine whether to make a modification to the allocation of parental rights.

The trial court must first determine whether there has been a change of circumstance.

{¶26} R.C. 3109.04 does not define the concept of “change in circumstances.”

Oyler v. Lancaster, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2019CA00130, 2020-Ohio-758, ¶ 24. However,

Ohio courts have held the phrase is intended to denote “an event, occurrence, or situation

which has a material and adverse effect upon a child.” Wyss v. Wyss, 3 Ohio App.3d 412,

445 N.E.2d 1153 (10th Dist.1982). Additionally, the change of circumstances must be

“one of substance, not a slight or inconsequential change.” Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio

St.3d 415, 418, 1997-Ohio-260, 674 N.E.2d 1159.

{¶27} “In determining whether a ‘change’ has occurred, a trial judge must have

wide latitude in considering all the evidence, and the court's decision must not be reversed

absent an abuse of discretion.” In re A.P., 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 28023, 2019-Ohio-

139, ¶ 23; Davis, supra. In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine the

trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable and not merely an

error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140

(1983).
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 12

{¶28} In this case, the trial court determined there had been a substantial change

of circumstances based on the child’s wishes to live with her Mother and the child’s age.

The trial court referred to the drop in the child’s grades, but other evidence indicated that

M.H.S. was very intelligent and had the ability to think outside of the box. A review of

Father’s appeal shows that he does not assign as error the trial court’s conclusion there

had been a change of circumstances based on the child’s wishes and age. Father’s

appeal concentrates on the second prong of the analysis, whether a modification is in the

child’s best interests. We recognize however, the best interest analysis does impact the

question of whether there has been an event, occurrence, or situation that has a material

and adverse effect upon a child. Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 421, 1997-Ohio-

260, 674 N.E.2d 1159.

Best Interests

{¶29} If a change of circumstances is established, the trial court must weigh the

best interest of the child before modifying parental rights. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1), which sets

forth a nonexhaustive list of the factors a trial court must consider in determining the best

interest of the child, provides:

(F)(1) In determining the best interest of a child pursuant to this section,

whether on an original decree allocating parental rights and responsibilities

for the care of children or a modification of a decree allocating those rights

and responsibilities, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including,

but not limited to:

(a) The wishes of the child's parents regarding the child's care;
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 13

(b) If the court has interviewed the child in chambers pursuant to division

(B) of this section regarding the child's wishes and concerns as to the

allocation of parental rights and responsibilities concerning the child, the

wishes and concerns of the child, as expressed to the court;

(c) The child's interaction and interrelationship with the child's parents,

siblings, and any other person who may significantly affect the child's best

interest;

(d) The child's adjustment to the child's home, school, and community;

(e) The mental and physical health of all persons involved in the situation;

(f) The parent more likely to honor and facilitate court-approved parenting

time rights or visitation and companionship rights;

(g) Whether either parent has failed to make all child support payments,

including all arrearages, that are required of that parent pursuant to a child

support order under which that parent is an obligor;

(h) Whether either parent or any member of the household of either parent

previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any criminal offense

involving any act that resulted in a child being an abused child or a

neglected child; whether either parent, in a case in which a child has been

adjudicated an abused child or a neglected child, previously has been

determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive or neglectful act that is the

basis of an adjudication; whether either parent or any member of the

household of either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded

guilty to a violation of section 2919.25 of the Revised Code or a sexually
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 14

oriented offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the

offense was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the

current proceeding; whether either parent or any member of the household

of either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any

offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the offense

was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the current

proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the commission of the

offense; and whether there is reason to believe that either parent has acted

in a manner resulting in a child being an abused child or a neglected child;

(i) Whether the residential parent or one of the parents subject to a shared

parenting decree has continuously and willfully denied the other parent's

right to parenting time in accordance with an order of the court;

(j) Whether either parent has established a residence, or is planning to

establish a residence, outside this state.

The best interest determination focuses on the child, not the parent. In re C.T., 5th Dist.

Licking No. 2020 CA 00014, 2020-Ohio-4965, 2020 WL 6147171, ¶ 57 citing In re N.B.,

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101390, 2015-Ohio-314, at ¶ 59.

The Trial Court’s Consideration of the Factors

{¶30} Father argues that out of the ten factors in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1), the trial

court’s consideration of three of the factors require reversal of the judgment based on

abuse of discretion. He states the trial court’s findings as to the remaining factors did not

weigh in favor of Mother or Father. We first review the trial court’s findings in the July 14,

2020 judgment entry as to the best interest factors not argued by Father.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 15

{¶31} Both parents wished to be M.H.S.’s residential parent. The trial court found

that M.H.S. interacted and interrelated well with both Mother and Father. M.H.S. was

described as a smart and creative child, whose personality was more reflective of

Mother’s. M.H.S. struggled opening up and talking with Father about her feelings and

interests. At the time of the divorce, Mother was not involved in the children’s school.

Since the divorce, Mother was more involved in the children’s education, especially with

M.H.S. M.H.S.’s grades had dropped and the child was diagnosed with ADHD. M.H.S.

was placed on medication for her ADHD and her grades improved. Mother assumed the

responsibility of addressing medical, dental, and psychological issues for the children

both for treatment and prevention. The trial court found Father was appropriate in dealing

with M.H.S.’s schooling and mental health issues. See R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(a), (c), (d), and

(e).

R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(b)

{¶32} R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(b) states that if the trial court has conducted an in

camera interview with the child regarding her wishes and concerns as to the allocation of

parental rights, the trial court shall consider the wishes and concerns of the child as

expressed to the court. Father contends because the trial court did not conduct an in

camera interview of M.H.S., the trial court cannot consider the wishes and concerns of

the child as weighing in favor of Mother.

{¶33} R.C. 3109.04 provides a child who is the subject of custody litigation with

ample opportunity to be heard on the relevant issues. In addition to the in camera

interview, Ohio trial courts have several potential avenues to receive information about

the child's wishes and concerns. In re A.G., 139 Ohio St.3d 572, 2014-Ohio-2597, 13
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 16

N.E.3d 1146, 2014 WL 2766200, ¶ 71 (2014) citing Saywitz, Camparo & Romanoff,

Interviewing Children in Custody Cases: Implications of Research and Policy for Practice,

28 Behav.Sci.Law 542 (2010) (explaining that typically courts may receive information

about a child's wishes and concerns directly from the child or by information filtered

through a lawyer, a psychologist, or a GAL). We held in DiDonato v. DiDonato, 2016-

Ohio-1511, 63 N.E.3d 660 (5th Dist.) that while the trial court did not interview the children

when determining a reallocation of parental rights, there was competent and credible

evidence to support the trial court’s determination as to the wishes and concerns of the

children because the GAL interviewed the children and provided the trial court with a

recommendation and report. Id. at ¶ 67.

{¶34} In this case, the trial court heard testimony from the GAL about the child’s

wishes and concerns. The GAL testified that M.H.S. wished to reside primarily with

Mother and the GAL’s recommendation mirrored the child’s wishes. (Finding of Fact, No.

8). The trial court stated in its judgment that while it did not conduct an in camera interview

because neither Father nor Mother requested an interview, “the evidence indicates that

[M.H.S.] does wish to live with her mother primarily, change schools and her wishes mirror

the recommendations of the Guardian Ad-Litem.” (Findings of Fact, No. 15). The trial

court noted that Mother alleged that M.H.S. consistently expressed a desire to live with

her and attend school in the Revere Local School District and testimony in that regard

was consistent. (Findings of Fact, No. 11).

{¶35} R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(b) is merely one factor, in a list of ten factors, that a trial

court must consider in determining the best interests of the child. Clearly, it is not the

controlling factor and should not be the only factor upon which a trial court bases its
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 17

decision. See Nusbaumer v. Cherry, 5th Dist. Stark No. 1998CA00243, 1999 WL 254489,

*3 (Apr. 26, 1999). Without the transcript of the hearing, we cannot say the trial court’s

findings and resulting conclusion as to the wishes and concerns of the child were not

adequately conveyed by the GAL or inconsistent with the testimony.

R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(f)

{¶36} Father next contends the trial court erred when it found it was in the best

interests of the child to be placed with Mother after considering R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(f).

R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(f) states the court shall consider “[t]he parent more likely to honor and

facilitate court-approved parenting time rights or visitation and companionship rights.”

Father contends there was evidence in the record that Mother would not cooperate with

parenting time rights or visitation.

{¶37} In its findings of fact, the trial court described an incident on August 11,

2019 that took place between Mother and Father. The children were completing parenting

time with Mother when Father arrived to take the children home. Before conveying the

children, Mother asked Father to discuss a modification of parental rights and

responsibilities. Father indicated he did not want to discuss the issue at that time, but

Mother refused to permit the children to go with Father until he agreed to talk. Father

called the Bath Township police. M.F.S. willingly went with Father but M.H.S. indicated

she did not want to go with Father. The police refused to intervene because it was a civil

matter and M.H.S. stayed with Mother that night. The next day, Father spoke with the

Bath Township police and presented the Final Decree of Divorce and the custody orders.

The police accompanied Father to Mother’s house and facilitated M.H.S.’s return to

Father’s care. (Findings of Fact, No. 11).
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 18

{¶38} Based on that incident, the trial court found Mother in contempt for her

deviation from the weekend visitation schedule. As to R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(f), the trial court

found the incident concerning and perhaps indicative of future problems. (Findings of

Fact, No. 19).

{¶39} The trial court found there was evidence presented at the hearing that

showed the deviation from the weekend visitation schedule was an outlier for the parent’s

cooperation as to parenting time. (Findings of Fact, No. 19). The trial court noted that

subsequent to the divorce in 2011, the parties began altering the parent time schedule to

fit their circumstances, particularly the distance between them. (Findings of Fact, No. 10).

The parents were able to modify the schedule without court assistance by coming to their

own agreements. (Id.) The GAL testified that the “police incident was so overkill for these

parents.” (Findings of Fact, No. 11). The GAL did not believe the incident represented the

ability of Mother and Father to cooperate on a daily basis and did not represent the normal

interaction between the parents. (Findings of Fact. Nos. 11, 19.) He found the parents

were appropriate for working together under a shared parenting plan. (Findings of Fact,

No. 13).

R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(g)

{¶40} Father argues the trial court’s consideration of R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(g) should

have weighed allocation of parental rights in favor of Father. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(g)

considers whether “either parent has failed to make all child support payments, including

all arrearages, that are required of that parent pursuant to a child support order under

which that parent is an obligor.” Mother was in arrears on her child support obligation in

the amount of $18,671.59. (Findings of Fact Nos. 12, 20).
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 19

{¶41} The trial court found Mother in contempt for her failure to pay child support

and sentenced her to 15 days in the Stark County Jail. The jail sentence was suspended

on condition that Mother continue to make monthly payments towards her arrearages on

child support and she could purge the contempt by paying the arrearages within 30 days.

After the trial court named Mother as the legal custodian of M.H.S., Father was ordered

to pay child support.

No Abuse of Discretion

{¶42} No one factor of R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) is dispositive of the child’s best interest,

and the court has discretion to weigh the factors “as it sees fit.” Leach v. Leach, 12th Dist.

Butler No. CA2019-06-092, 2020-Ohio-1181, 2020 WL 1518597, ¶ 9 citing Carr v. Carr,

12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2015-02-015 and CA2015-03-020, 2016-Ohio-6986, ¶ 22. In

this case, after considering all of the factors to determine the best interest of the child and

the evidence as a whole, the trial court found that shared parenting would be the preferred

option. The three factors argued by Father as weighing against Mother, when considered

with the remaining factors, were not dispositive to the trial court of the best interest of the

child. The trial court’s finding that shared parenting would be the preferred option

demonstrates the factors weighed almost equally to Mother and Father. Unfortunately,

Mother and Father did not propose shared parenting.

{¶43} The trial court was tasked to determine if there had been a change of

circumstances, whether a modification is in the child's best interest, and whether the

benefits that result from the change of environment outweigh any harm. As part of that

analysis as directed by this Court, the trial court considered the wishes and concerns of

M.H.S. to determine if there had been a change of circumstances. M.H.S., as expressed
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 20

through the testimony of Mother and corroborated by the testimony of the GAL, expressed

her desire to live with Mother. A trial court does not abuse its discretion in giving more

weight to the child's wishes than it gave to her adjustment to her home, school, and

community where the child had sufficient reasoning ability to express her wishes and

concerns, and that there were no special concerns that would lead the Court to conclude

that it would not be in the child's best interest to determine her wishes and concerns.

Thompson v. Thompson, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2018CA00074, 2019-Ohio-274, 2019 WL

354859, ¶ 39 citing In re Beekman, 4th Dist. Pike No. 03CA710, 2004-Ohio-1066, ¶ 19;

see also, Tomaszewski v. Tomaszewski, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 86976, 2006-Ohio-

3357.

{¶44} Based on the record before us and cognizant of the limits of Knapp, supra,

we find no abuse of discretion for the trial court reallocate the parental rights of M.H.S to

Mother after appropriately considering the expressed wishes and concerns of M.H.S. in

relation to the R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) best interest factors.

{¶45} Father’s sole Assignment of Error is overruled.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00111 21

CONCLUSION

{¶46} The judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic

Relations Division, is affirmed.

By: Delaney, J.,

Hoffman, P.J. and

Baldwin, J., concur.