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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
TABU NAZSHON PHILLIPS :
:
: No. 982 MDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 29, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-22-CR-0001621-2012
BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 03, 2021
Tabu Nazshon Phillips (“Phillips”) appeals from the Order dismissing his
first Petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act
(“PCRA”).1 We affirm.
On direct appeal, this Court summarized the relevant history underlying
this case as follows:
Factual and Procedural History
This is [Phillips’s] second conviction and appeal to this Court for
the same underlying offense. This Court previously vacated
[Phillips’s] initial convictions and remanded for a new trial after
concluding that the trial court had failed to elicit a knowing,
voluntary and intelligent waiver of counsel from [Phillips] before
permitting him to proceed pro se in his first trial.
See Commonwealth v. Phillips, 93 A.3d 847, 855 (Pa. Super.
2014). At his re-trial, [Phillips] again elected to represent
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1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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himself pro se. That jury also convicted [Phillips]. The facts and
procedural history are as follows.
On December 22, 2011, officers of the Harrisburg City Police
Department responded to a 911 call from a female screaming for
help and stating that someone was trying to kill her. Id. at 849.
Officers responded to a boarding house and followed the sounds
of a screaming female to the second floor, where they
encountered [Phillips] breathing rapidly as he walked out of a
bedroom. Id.
In the bedroom that [Phillips] had just vacated, officers found
Jasmine Matthews (“Matthews”), who was “crying, breathing very
hard, and had blood coming from her nose and mouth.” Id. The
visibly distraught Matthews told officers that [Phillips] had
repeatedly struck her with his fists and with a gun. N.T.
Suppression, 11/13/14, at 20-21. Matthews showed officers the
gun [Phillips] used to strike her, a .32 caliber Colt gray top action
revolver located under the foot of the bed. Phillips, supra at
849.
Officers discovered [Phillips] had a warrant out for his arrest, and
took him into custody. Id. While searching [Phillips] incident to
arrest, officers discovered [Phillips] was wearing a Kevlar vest
with ammunition for a .32 caliber firearm in the pocket.
Id. [Phillips] was charged with one count of Persons Not to
Possess Firearms, one count of Possessing an Instrument of Crime
— Unlawful Body Armor, and one count of Simple Assault.
As noted above, [Phillips] represented himself pro se in his first
trial. After a jury convicted him of the two possession charges
and acquitted him of the simple assault, [Phillips] appealed to this
Court alleging, inter alia, that his waiver of counsel had not been
knowing, voluntary and intelligent. This Court agreed, finding
none of the waiver-of-counsel colloquies given by the trial court
satisfied the minimum requirements under Pa.R.Crim.P.
121. Id. at 852-55. We remanded for a new trial on the
possession charges only.
On October 7, 2014, [Phillips] filed two [M]otions pro se: (1) a
Motion to Proceed Pro Se citing a disagreement in trial strategy
between [Phillips] and his appointed counsel; and (2) a Motion to
Suppress challenging the officer’s warrantless entry into the
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boarding house and the subsequent seizure of the firearm
discovered therein.
On November 13, 2014[,] the Honorable Scott Arthur Evans held
a hearing on both Motions. At the commencement of the hearing,
the trial court presided over a waiver-of-counsel hearing of
[Phillips] on the record before granting [Phillips’s] Motion to
Proceed Pro Se and appointing standby counsel. N.T.
Suppression, 11/13/14, at 3-12. The parties then proceeded with
testimony on the Motion to Suppress, which Judge Evans denied
at the close of the hearing.
A two-day jury trial began on March 11, 2015. Prior to jury
selection, [Phillips] presented the trial court with a Motion in
Limine challenging the admissibility of (1) [Phillips’s] prior
criminal record, (2) a recording of a prison phone conversation,
and (3) the content of the 911 call from Matthews. [Phillips]
challenged the 911 call, in which Matthews states[,] “He is trying
to kill me,” as irrelevant and unfairly prejudicial given the absence
of assault charges against [Phillips] on remand.
The trial court denied [Phillips’s] Motion in Limine, and then
conducted a second waiver-of-counsel hearing of [Phillips] on the
record before proceeding with jury selection and trial.
The jury convicted [Phillips] of both possession charges. Judge
Evans subsequently sentenced [Phillips] to five to ten years of
incarceration for Persons Not to Possess Firearms, and a
consecutive one to four years sentence for Unlawful Body Armor.
[Phillips] filed a pro se post-sentence [M]otion on April 8, 2015.
The next day, counsel entered an appearance on behalf of
[Phillips] and filed an amended post-sentence [M]otion. The court
denied the Motion on April 13, 2015. [Phillips] timely appealed….
Commonwealth v. Phillips, 141 A.3d 512, 514-16 (Pa. Super. 2016). On
May 19, 2016, this Court affirmed Phillips’s judgment of sentence. See id.
On November 22, 2016, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied allowance of
appeal. See Commonwealth v. Phillips, 161 A.3d 797 (Pa. 2016).
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Phillips filed a pro se PCRA Petition on October 27, 2017. The PCRA
court appointed counsel. On December 20, 2018, counsel filed a supplemental
PCRA Petition. After a hearing, the PCRA court dismissed Phillips’s PCRA
Petition on June 29, 2020. Thereafter, Phillips filed the instant timely appeal.
Phillips raises the following claims for our review:
A. Whether the PCRA court erred by determining that the
[a]ppellate counsel were not ineffective for the failure to raise
the Pa.R.E. 404(b) claim in the [Pa.R.A.P.] 1925(b) Statement
and in the failure to brief the relevancy and hearsay issue in
the appellate brief[?]
B. Whether the PCRA [c]ourt erred in concluding [that Phillips]
waived the argument that the 911 call and statements
admitted at trial were inadmissible as irrelevant and hearsay[,]
when [the Superior Court] concluded differently in its
memorandum Opinion[?]
Brief for Appellant at 3.
Phillips first claims that the PCRA court improperly rejected his
ineffectiveness claim based upon his prior counsel’s failure to raise his Pa.R.E.
404(b) claim in his Concise Statement on direct appeal, and counsel’s failure
to brief the issue on direct appeal. Id. at 11. Phillips contends that he did,
in fact, object to the admission of certain out-of-court statements as hearsay
and prejudicial. Id. Phillips asserts that the statements, via the 911 call
played for the jury, discussed an assault on the alleged victim. Id. According
to Phillips, he objected to the same reference to the crime at the November
13, 2014, suppression hearing. Id. In particular, Phillips quotes the following
statement he made at the end of the suppression hearing: “I would like to
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have my right to confrontation as well if the Commonwealth intends to
introduce any evidence, documentary or verbally. I would like my right to
confront those witnesses.” Id. Phillips also directs our attention to his
objection to the 911 call as “prejudicial, misleading, [and] confusing to the
jury.” Id. at 12 (citation omitted).
Phillips additionally argues that he objected to a witness’s testimony,
regarding what had happened to the victim, as “hearsay” and “confrontation.”
Id. (citation omitted). Thus, Phillips claims that he did, in fact, preserve his
challenge to the 911 call and the witness’s testimony. Id. Phillips claims that
his counsel rendered ineffective assistance by not raising these claims in his
Concise Statement on direct appeal, or in the appellate brief on direct appeal.
Id. at 12-13. According to Phillips, based upon the ineffective assistance of
prior counsel, he is entitled to the reinstatement of his direct appeal rights,
nunc pro tunc. Id. at 16.
When reviewing an appeal from the denial of PCRA relief,
we must determine whether the findings of the PCRA court are
supported by the record and whether the court’s legal conclusions
are free from error. The findings of the PCRA court and the
evidence of record are viewed in a light most favorable to the
prevailing party. The PCRA court’s credibility determinations,
when supported by the record, are binding; however, this [C]ourt
applies a de novo standard of review to the PCRA court’s legal
conclusions. We must keep in mind that the petitioner has the
burden of persuading this Court that the PCRA court erred and
that such error requires relief. Finally, this Court may affirm a
valid judgment or order for any reason appearing of record.
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Commonwealth v. Montalvo, 205 A.3d 274, 286 (Pa. 2019) (citations
omitted).
Counsel is presumed to be effective and “the burden of demonstrating
ineffectiveness rests on [the] appellant.” Commonwealth v. Rivera, 10
A.3d 1276, 1279 (Pa. Super. 2010).
To satisfy this burden, an appellant must plead and prove by a
preponderance of the evidence that[] “(1) his underlying claim is
of arguable merit; (2) the particular course of conduct pursued by
counsel did not have some reasonable basis designed to effectuate
his interests; and, (3) but for counsel’s ineffectiveness, there is a
reasonable probability that the outcome of the challenged
proceeding would have been different.” Commonwealth v.
Fulton, 574 Pa. 282, 291, 830 A.2d 567, 572 (2003) [(plurality)].
Failure to satisfy any prong of the test will result in rejection of
the appellant’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim.
Commonwealth v. Jones, 571 Pa. 112, 126, 811 A.2d 994, 1002
(2002).
Commonwealth v. Holt, 175 A.3d 1014, 1018 (Pa. Super. 2017).
To establish prejudice, the petitioner must demonstrate that “there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result
of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. When it is clear that the
appellant has failed to meet the prejudice prong, the court may dispose of the
claim on that basis alone, without a determination of whether the first two
prongs have been met. Commonwealth v. Travaglia, 661 A.2d 352, 357
(Pa. 1995). Thus, even if counsel had no reasonable basis for the course of
conduct pursued, an appellant is not entitled to relief if he fails to demonstrate
the requisite prejudice which is necessary under Pennsylvania’s
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ineffectiveness standard. Commonwealth v. Douglas, 645 A.2d 226, 232
(Pa. 1994).
In its Opinion, the PCRA court addressed Phillips’s claim, and concluded
that it lacks merit. See PCRA Court Opinion, 6/29/20, at 3-8. We agree with
the sound reasoning of the PCRA court, and affirm on this basis as to Phillips’s
first claim. See id. We additionally note the following.
In its Opinion, the PCRA court addressed Phillips’s challenge to an
officer’s testimony regarding the victim’s statement claiming to have been
struck in the face and abdomen by Phillips. See id. at 5-6. The PCRA court
concluded that Phillips had failed to raise any challenge based upon Pa.R.E.
404(b) and relevance. See id. at 6. However, as stated by the PCRA court,
the trial court deemed the statement admissible as an excited utterance. Id.
at 5 (citing N.T., 3/12/16, at 69-70). Further, the trial court offered a
cautionary instruction to the jury. See N.T., 3/12/16, at 70. Specifically, the
trial court had instructed the jury that the statement “is not for whether it
truthfully happened as she said it happened. It was what was relayed and
what [the officers] moved on from that point.” Id.
“Even if inadmissible hearsay is admitted at trial, a cautionary
instruction can dispel the prejudice[,] as it is presumed that the jury followed
the trial court’s instructions.” Commonwealth v. Bedford, 50 A.3d 707, 713
(Pa. Super. 2012). Thus, Phillips failed to establish that the arguable merit of
the issue underling his claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel, or
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prejudice resulting from such claim. See Holt, 175 A.3d 1018. As such, we
cannot grant Phillips relief on this claim. See id.
In his second claim, Phillips argues that the PCRA court erred in
concluding that he had waived his challenge to the 911 call, and the officer’s
testimony, were irrelevant and hearsay. Brief for Appellant at 17. Phillips
contends that this Court found otherwise in its Memorandum Opinion filed on
direct appeal. See id. According to Phillips, although his “wording might not
have been perfect, it was clear to the trial [c]ourt what the grounds for the
objections were.” Id. Phillips contends that as such, his objections did not
need to be renewed in order to preserve the claim of error. Id. at 17-18.
As discussed above, we agree with the sound reasoning of the PCRA
court, as stated in its Opinion, with the additional discussion above regarding
Phillips’s hearsay challenge. See PCRA Court Opinion, 6/29/20, at 3-8.
Phillips does not direct our attention to additional places in the record where
he preserved his challenges to the “improper character evidence, hearsay, and
relevance issues[.]” Id. at 17. Further, our review discloses no support for
Phillips’s contention. As such, we cannot grant him relief on this claim.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 02/03/2021
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Com. v. Phillips, T.
Combined Opinion