FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
APR 26 2021
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JOSE FELIPE MEDINA AVINA, No. 19-72098
Petitioner, Agency No. A215-817-791
v.
MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted April 12, 2021
Seattle, Washington
Before: HAWKINS and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and FITZWATER, **
District Judge.
Jose Medina Avina (“Avina”), a citizen and native of Mexico, seeks review
of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming the Immigration
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The Honorable Sidney A. Fitzwater, United States District Judge for
the Northern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and
protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). Avina contends he
will be subject to future persecution and torture at the hands of the Jalisco cartel
because of his inquiries about the death of his brother-in-law. The agency’s
decision must be upheld if it is supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative
evidence on the record as considered as a whole and may be reversed only if a
reasonable factfinder would be compelled to conclude to the contrary. See
Hernandez-Mancilla v. Holder, 633 F.3d 1182, 1184 (9th Cir. 2011). We deny
the petition.
To qualify for relief under CAT, Avina must establish that “it is more likely
than not that he [] would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of
removal.” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2). Furthermore, the torture must be inflicted
by, at the direction of, or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or
other person acting in an official capacity. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(1). In assessing
whether it is more likely than not that an alien would be subject to torture if
removed to a country, the agency can consider whether relocation within that
country is possible. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(3)(ii).
After leaving his home state, where Avina may have drawn the attention of
the Jalisco cartel by making inquiries about the death of his brother-in-law, Avina
2
stayed with his daughters in Puebla and then in Morelia; later with his girlfriend in
Rosarita—for a month at each location without further threats or harm. See
Gomes v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 1264, 1267 (9th Cir. 2005). Although there was
testimony that people came by Avina’s house and business looking for him, there
is no evidence that the cartel pursued him outside the state of Colima. His family
continues to reside in Mexico, as does another brother-in-law who had also been
threatened but relocated to Michoacan. See Sinha v. Holder, 564 F.3d 1015, 1022
(9th Cir. 2009).
Although Avina may not be able to return to Colima, the record does not
compel the conclusion that it is more likely than not Avina would be tortured if
returned to other parts of Mexico. We therefore need not reach the second prong
of the CAT analysis, “whether there is sufficient state action involved” in the
feared torture. Garcia-Milan v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026, 1033 (9th Cir. 2014).
To qualify for asylum, Avina must demonstrate that he has suffered past
persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution on account of a
protected ground. Zehatye v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir.
2006). Avina does not claim past persecution but claims to have a well-founded
fear of future persecution on account of membership in a particular social group
(his familial connection with his wife and brother-in-law).
3
As with his CAT claim, the IJ and BIA held that Avina did not have a
well-founded fear of future persecution because of his ability to safely relocate
within the country. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b). For the reasons discussed in
Section I above, the record does not compel the conclusion that the agency’s
determination about Avina’s ability to internally relocate is erroneous.1
PETITION DENIED.
1
Because the ability to relocate forecloses Avina’s asylum claim, we need
not address the issue of whether the alleged persecution is on account of Avina’s
membership in a particular social group.
4