State v. King

[Cite as State v. King, 2021-Ohio-1636.]

COURT OF APPEALS
STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-
Case No. 2020 CA 00064
DENY LYMAN KING

Defendant-Appellant OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. 2019 CR 01460

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: May 11, 2021

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

KYLE L. STONE PATRICK L. CUSMA
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY 116 Cleveland Avenue NW
KATHLEEN O. TATARSKY 700 Courtyard Square
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR Canton, Ohio 44702
110 Central Plaza South, Suite 510
Canton, Ohio 44702-1413
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 2

Wise, J.

{¶1} Appellant, Deny Lyman King, appeals the judgment entered by the Stark

County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of violating R.C. 2903.01(A), Aggravated

Murder (with Firearm Specification, R.C. 2941.145), R.C. 2903.11, Felonious Assault

(with Firearm Specification, R.C. 2941.145), and R.C. 2923.13 Having Weapons While

Under Disability. Appellee is the State of Ohio. The relevant facts leading to this appeal

are as follows.

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

{¶2} On September 17, 2019, the Stark County Grand Jury indicted Appellant

with one count of Aggravated Murder in violation of R.C. 2903.01(A) with specifications

for Repeat Violent Offender (R.C. 2941.149) and Firearm (R.C. 2941.145), Felonious

Assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11 with specifications for Repeat Violent Offender (R.C.

2941.149) and Firearm (R.C. 2941.145), and Having Weapons While Under Disability in

violation of R.C. 2923.13.

{¶3} On September 20, 2019, Appellant entered a plea of not guilty to all counts

of the indictment.

{¶4} On January 27, 2020, Appellant filed Notice of Defense on his intent to

present a claim of Defense of Others.

{¶5} On February 10, 2020, the matter proceeded to a jury trial.

{¶6} At trial, the State called Deputy Jack Carruthers to testify. On direct

examination, Deputy Carruthers testified that on June 27, 2019, he was dispatched to

Brick City Lounge.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 3

{¶7} Upon arriving at Brick City Lounge, Deputy Carruthers testified there were

multiple people outside and he saw a black male, later identified as Jason Calhoun, laying

in the doorway. Deputy Carruthers immediately began administering aid. While

administering aid, Deputy Carruthers found a revolver on Calhoun.

{¶8} Next, the State called Deputy Derek Little to testify. Deputy Little testified

upon arriving at the Brick City Lounge, he continued into the establishment toward where

the second victim was located. Deputy Little testified that he found the second victim, later

identified as Henderson Garner, laying on the floor with gunshot wounds to his leg and

shoulder.

{¶9} The State then called Henderson Garner to the stand. Garner testified that

on the date of June 27, 2019, he arrived at Brick City Lounge after a pool tournament. He

was friends with Jason Calhoun. He testified that while he was playing pool that night

strangers entered the establishment. A fight then broke out, but security broke up the fight

and moved everyone out. Henderson soon joined Calhoun outside to see what was going

on. As they were attempting to latch the door, Henderson saw a man with a gun on the

corner. Henderson asked Calhoun if it looked like the man had a gun. Calhoun did not

agree. The man with the gun then came up to Calhoun and Henderson and said he was

looking for his friend. Henderson said they told the man that everyone was gone, and no

one was inside. Henderson said the man asked again to look for his friend inside and

then started shooting. He shot Henderson in the leg and chest, and shot Calhoun.

Henderson then testified that they did nothing to provoke the man with the gun.

{¶10} Under cross-examination he testified that a fight broke out between the

strangers and other patrons, and security broke up the fight and took everyone outside.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 4

At that point, Henderson said he did not see any of the strangers still in the bar. He

testified that the man with the gun asked about his friend politely, but never asked to go

inside. He then testified he was standing next to Calhoun when the man started shooting.

{¶11} Next, the State called Edward Daniels to the stand. Daniels testified he was

employed by Brick City Lounge as a DJ on June 27, 2019. He testified that neither he nor

Calhoun participated in the fight that night, and that they had tried to break it up. Daniels

was outside with Calhoun when a man came up to Calhoun attempting to get into the bar

to find his friend. After being told his friend was not inside the bar and that the bar was

closed, the man shot Calhoun. Daniels then called 911. Daniels said it was readily

apparent Calhoun was injured, as there was blood on the ground and he was struggling

to breathe.

{¶12} The State then called Milan Carr to the stand. Carr testified that he and

another person went to Brick City Lounge on June 27, 2019, with Appellant and Eric Artis,

who went by the name, “Cleve”. He said they arrived around eight p.m. and ordered

drinks. At some point a fight broke out and he was hit in the head with a bottle and left

the bar on foot and ran through a field home.

{¶13} The State also called Detective Ross to testify. Detective Ross testified that

he responded to Brick City Lounge just after the incident. He obtained video surveillance

footage of the shooting. On the video, Detective Ross identified Appellant as the shooter.

Detective Ross continued that his investigation showed Appellant had left Ohio for

California. He testified the West Coast Marshall team arrested Appellant and transported

him back to Ohio.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 5

{¶14} During Detective Ross’s testimony, the State then played a video showing

the fight inside the bar. The video showed Appellant being hit by a pool stick, and

Appellant hitting back. The video then showed Carr leaving Brick City Lounge first,

followed by Appellant and Eric Artis. Detective Ross also testified that the video

surveillance showed Appellant leaving with the murder weapon in his hand.

{¶15} Finally, the State called Dr. Frank Miller to testify. Dr. Miller testified he

examined Calhoun. Dr. Miller testified Calhoun had suffered two gunshot wounds, one in

his face and one in his back. The gunshot to his back was fatal.

{¶16} The State then rested its case.

{¶17} After the State rested its case, the defense called Appellant to testify.

Appellant testified he has a prior conviction for attempted robbery in California. That night,

Appellant, Carr, and Artis went to Brick City Lounge. While at the bar, Appellant said they

made their way to the patio where a fight broke out. Appellant was hit with both a beer

bottle and a pool stick. Appellant tried to leave the bar and testified someone was holding

the door closed. Eventually, Appellant and Artis made it outside and headed to their car.

They then heard gun shots. At this point Appellant and Artis realized Carr was not with

them. Appellant tried to call Carr several times. He heard one patron threaten to “finish

[someone] off.” Appellant took the patron to mean they were going to kill Carr. Appellant

then grabbed his gun and headed back to Brick City Lounge, believing Carr was still

inside.

{¶18} As Appellant approached the establishment, he encountered Calhoun and

Daniels. Appellant asked multiple times to go into the bar to get Carr and was told he

would not be let back inside. Appellant said he saw Calhoun lower his hand, and that is
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 6

when Appellant pulled his gun and fired. After the shooting, Appellant testified he left the

scene without going inside to check to see if Carr was there because he panicked.

{¶19} During cross-examination, Appellant testified that the robbery conviction in

California had a firearm enhancement. Appellant confirmed he is not allowed to possess

a firearm, but does anyway.

{¶20} After Appellant testified, the defense rested its case.

{¶21} On February 12, 2020, the jury returned a verdict of guilty on all counts of

the indictment.

{¶22} On February 18, 2020, the trial court sentenced Appellant to life in prison

without the possibility of parole for the Aggravated Murder charge, a concurrent six to

nine year prison term for the Felonious Assault charge, a concurrent thirty-six month

prison term for the Having Weapons Under Disability charge, a mandatory three year

prison term on each of the firearm specifications, and the trial court did not sentence

Appellant for his conviction on the repeat violent offender specification.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

{¶23} On March 25, 2020, Appellant filed a notice of appeal. He herein raises the

following three Assignments of Error:

{¶24} “I. THE VERDICT IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE

EVIDENCE.

{¶25} “II. THE VERDICT IS INSUFFICIENT AS A MATTER OF LAW.

{¶26} “III. THE TRIAL COURT’S SENTENCING WAS IN ERROR, DEPRIVING

APPELLANT OF HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.”
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 7

I., II., III.

{¶27} In Appellant’s First, Second, and Third Assignments of Error, Appellant

argues the jury’s guilty verdict is against the manifest weight of the evidence and not

supported by sufficient evidence, and at most was guilty of murder and not aggravated

murder. We disagree.

{¶28} Sufficiency of the evidence and manifest weight of the evidence are

separate and distinct legal standards. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380. Essentially,

sufficiency is a test of adequacy. Id. A sufficiency of the evidence standard requires the

appellate court to examine the evidence admitted at trial, in the light most favorable to

the prosecution, to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the

average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio

St.3d 259.

{¶29} In contrast to the sufficiency of the evidence analysis, when reviewing a

weight of the evidence argument, the appellate court reviews the entire record weighing

the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and

determines whether in resolving conflicts of evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and

created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and

a new trial ordered.

{¶30} Under a weight of the evidence argument, the appellate court will consider

the same evidence as when analyzing Appellant’s sufficiency of the evidence argument.

Appellant argues the jury clearly lost its way as their conviction of Appellant based on the

total weight of the evidence was a manifest miscarriage of justice.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 8

{¶31} The jury convicted Appellant on: Count One of the indictment, Aggravated

Murder in violation of R.C. 2903.01(A) with Repeat Violent Offender specification in

violation of R.C. 2941.149 and a firearm specification in violation of R.C. 2941.145; Count

Two of the indictment, Felonious Assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1) with Repeat

Violent Offender specification in violation of R.C. 2941.149 and a firearm specification in

violation of R.C. 2941.145; and Count Three of the indictment, Having Weapons Under

Disability in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2).

{¶32} R.C. 2903.01(A) states, “[n]o person shall purposely, and with prior

calculation and design, cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s

pregnancy.”

{¶33} R.C. 2903.11(A), in pertinent part, states:

(A) No person shall knowingly do either of the following:

(1) Cause serious physical harm to another or to another’s unborn[.]

{¶34} R.C. 2923.13(A), in pertinent part, states:

(A) Unless relieved from disability under operation of law or legal

process, no person shall knowingly acquire, have, carry, or use any firearm

or dangerous ordnance, if any of the following apply:

…

(2) The person is under indictment for or has been convicted of

any felony offense of violence or has been adjudicated a delinquent child

for the commission of an offense that, if committed by an adult, would have

been a felony offense of violence.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 9

{¶35} R.C. 2901.05(B)(1) shifts the burden of proof to the State to prove beyond

a reasonable doubt that an accused did not act in defense of another.

{¶36} R.C. 2901.05(B)(1) states:

A person is allowed to act in self-defense, defense of another, or

defense of the person’s residence. If, at the trial of a person who is accused

of an offense that involved the person’s use of force against another, there

is evidence presented that tends to support that the accused person used

the force in self-defense, defense of another, or defense of that person’s

residence, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the

accused person did not use the force in self-defense, defense of another,

or defense of that person’s residence, as the case may be.

{¶37} In the case sub judice, the State produced video evidence showing

Appellant shooting Calhoun and Gardner. The State called witnesses showing a fight

broke out at Brick City Lounge, Appellant left the establishment, retrieved a firearm from

his car, returned to the front of the establishment and shot Calhoun after an exchange.

Evidence showed Calhoun was shot twice, once in the back. Garner testified that

Appellant asked to go back into Brick City Lounge to look for his colleague. Calhoun told

him no one was inside, and that Appellant would not be allowed inside the bar.

{¶38} At the end of the State’s case, Appellant testified that he was struck several

times, including with a pool stick during the fight, that the patrons of the bar held the door

closed to keep he and his colleagues inside. Once he and one of his colleagues made it

outside, they realized the third member of their group was not with them. Appellant then

testified he retrieved a firearm from his vehicle and walked up to Calhoun to ask to be let
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 10

back in the bar. Calhoun told him no. Appellant then saw Calhoun lower his arm, so

Appellant fired his weapon at Calhoun.

{¶39} Appellant’s chief argument on appeal is that the evidence established he

lawfully engaged in defense of another. R.C. 2901.05 states:

(A) Every person accused of an offense is presumed innocent until

proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and the burden of proof for all

elements of the offense is upon the prosecution. The burden of going

forward with the evidence of an affirmative defense, and the burden of

proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, for an affirmative defense

other than self-defense, defense of another, or defense of the accused’s

residence as described in division(B)(1) of this section, is upon the

accused.

(B) (1) A person is allowed to act in self-defense, defense of another, or

defense of that person’s residence. If, at trial of a person who is accused

of an offense that involved that person’s use of force against another, there

is evidence presented that tends to support that the accused person used

the force in self-defense, defense of another, or defense of that person’s

residence, as the case may be.

{¶40} The standard for defense of another is comparable to self-defense. State v.

Evans, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2012-CA-00130, 2013-Ohio-1784, ¶21. Therefore, the State

must disprove beyond a reasonable doubt at least one the following elements: (1)

Appellant was not at fault in creating a violent situation; (2) Appellant had a bona fide

belief that another was in imminent danger of death or great bodily harm and that the only
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 11

means of escape was the use of force; and, (3) that the defendant violated no duty to

retreat or avoid danger. Id at ¶23.

{¶41} In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence challenge involving defense of

another, we must view the evidence in a light most favorable to the State, and determine

whether a rational trier of fact could have found the State met its burden of proof. State v.

Williams, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2019CA00188, 2021-Ohio-443, ¶19.

{¶42} Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the State, the jury could

reasonably have concluded Appellant had other means of defending his colleague other

than through the use of force. Further we find the jury could also have concluded

Appellant created the violent situation leading to the shooting. Appellant testified after he

left the establishment he attempted to contact his colleague, but his colleague did not

answer his phone. Believing his friend may still be inside, Appellant then retrieved a fire

arm from his vehicle, approached Calhoun outside of the bar, and was told his friend was

not inside. After being denied admittance, Appellant shot his firearm at Calhoun and

Garner instead of calling the police.

{¶43} Therefore, we find a rational trier of fact could have found the State

disproved at least one of the elements of defense of another beyond a reasonable doubt.

Our review of the entire record fails to persuade us that the jury lost its way and created

a manifest miscarriage of justice. Appellant was not convicted against the manifest weight

of the evidence.

{¶44} In Appellant’s Third Assignment of Error, Appellant also raises the issue on

the constitutionality of the Reagan Tokes Act.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 12

{¶45} This Court has previously addressed whether a challenge to the

constitutionality of the Reagan Tokes Law is ripe for appellate review where the defendant

has yet to serve the minimum term and yet to be subjected to the application of the

Reagan Tokes Law. This Court has repeatedly held the issue is not ripe for review. See

State v. Clark, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2020 CA 00017, 2020-Ohio-5013; State v. Downard,

5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2019-0079, 2020-Ohio-4227; State v. Manion, 5th Dist.

Tuscarawas No. 2020 AP 03 0009, 2020-Ohio-4230; State v. Kibler, 5th Dist. Muskingum

No. CT2020-0026, 2020-Ohio-4631, State v. Wolfe, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2020-CA-0021,

2020-Ohio-5501; and State v. Buckner, 5th Dist. Muskingum CT2020-0023, 2020-0024,

2020-Ohio-7017.

{¶46} The Sixth District has reached the same conclusion in State v. Maddox, 6th

Dist. Lucas No. CL-19-1253, 2020-Ohio-4702, and State v. Velliquette, 6th Dist. Lucas

No. L-19-1232, 2020-Ohio-4855. Likewise the Fourth District found the issue not ripe for

review in State v. Ramey, 4th Dist. Washington Nos. CA 1 and 20 CA 2, 2020-Ohio-6733.

{¶47} For the reasons set forth in our prior opinions, we find Appellant’s Reagan

Tokes challenge not ripe for review.
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 13

{¶48} Appellant’s First, Second, and Third Assignments of Error are overruled.

{¶49} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of

Stark County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.

By: Wise, J.

Delaney, J., concurs.

Gwin, P. J., concurs in part and dissents in part.

JWW/br 0504
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 14

Gwin, P.J., concurs in part; dissents in part

{¶50} I concur in the majority’s disposition of Appellant’s First and Second

Assignments of Error.

{¶51} I respectfully dissent from the majority’s opinion concerning ripeness and

Appellant’s Third Assignment of Error for the reasons set forth in my dissenting opinion

in State v. Wolfe, 5th Dist., Licking No. 2020 CA 00021, 2020-Ohio-5501. Accord, State

v. Wilburn, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109507, 2021-Ohio-578.

{¶52} I further note that the Ohio Supreme Court has accepted a certified conflict

on the issue of whether the constitutionally of the Reagan Tokes Act is ripe for review on

direct appeal or only after the defendant has served the minimum term and been subject

to extension by application of the Act. See, State v. Maddox, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-19-

1253, 2020-Ohio-4702, order to certify conflict allowed, State v. Maddox, 160 Ohio St.3d

1505, 2020-Ohio-6913, 159 N.E.3d 1150(Table) The conflict cases are State v. Leet, 2d

Dist. Montgomery No. 28670, 2020-Ohio-4592; State v. Ferguson, 2d Dist. Montgomery

No. 28644, 2020-Ohio-4153; State v. Barnes, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28613, 2020-

Ohio-4150; and State v. Guyton, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2019-12-203, 2020-Ohio-3837;

See also, State v. Downard, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2019-0079, 2020-Ohio-4227,

appeal accepted on Appellant’s Proposition of Law No. II, State v. Downard, 160 Ohio

St.3d 1507, 2020-Ohio-6835, 159 N.E.3d 1507 (Table)(Sua sponte, cause held for the

decision in 2020-1266, State v. Maddox).
Stark County, Case No. 2020 CA 00064 15