State v. Devore

[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

COURT OF APPEALS
ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. John W. Wise, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
: Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J.
-vs- :
: Case No. 20-COA-030
: (consolidated with 20-COA-036)
ADAM M. DEVORE :
:
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Ashland County Court
of Common Pleas, Case No. 17-CRI-
002

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: May 20, 2021

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee: For Defendant-Appellant:

CHRISTOPHER R. TUNNELL ADAM M. DEVORE, PRO SE
ASHLAND COUNTY PROSECUTOR #A704-923
Richland Correctional Institute
AMY R. INZINA P.O. Box 8107
110 Cottage Street 1001 South Olivesburg Road
Ashland, OH 44805 Mansfield, OH 44901
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

Delaney, J.

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Adam M. Devore appeals the September 25, 2020,

December 15, 2020, and February 10, 2021 judgment entries of the Ashland County

Court of Common Pleas. Plaintiff-Appellee is the State of Ohio.

STATEMENT OF THE CASE1

{¶2} On January 12, 2017, the Ashland County Grand Jury indicted Defendant-

Appellant Adam M. Devore on one count of rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2), one

count of abduction in violation of R.C. 2905.02(A)(2), and one count of domestic violence

in violation of R.C. 2919.25(A). Following a jury trial in the Ashland County Common Pleas

Court, Appellant was acquitted of rape, but convicted of abduction and domestic violence.

The trial court sentenced Appellant to 36 months in prison on the abduction conviction

and to 36 months in prison on the domestic violence conviction, to be served

consecutively to one another for an aggregate prison sentence of 72 months.

{¶3} This Court affirmed the judgment of conviction and sentence, and the Ohio

Supreme Court denied Appellant's appeal. State v. Devore, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 18-

COA-011, 2018-Ohio-4189, appeal not allowed, 154 Ohio St.3d 1502, 2019-Ohio-345,

116 N.E.3d 155, and appeal not allowed, 155 Ohio St.3d 1457, 2019-Ohio-1759, 122

N.E.3d 217, reconsideration denied, 156 Ohio St.3d 1467, 2019-Ohio-2892, 126 N.E.3d

1177. Appellant's motion to reopen his appeal pursuant to App. R. 26(B) was also denied

by this Court on February 6, 2019, and Appellant appealed our decision to the Ohio

Supreme Court.

1
A rendition of the facts is unnecessary for our resolution of the issues raised in this appeal but can be
found in this Court's opinion on direct appeal of Appellant's conviction and sentence. See State v. Devore,
5th Dist. Ashland No. 18-COA-011, 2018-Ohio-4189.
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

{¶4} On April 4, 2019, Appellant filed a motion for jail time credit. The trial court

overruled the motion and Appellant appealed the judgment to this Court. We affirmed the

trial court’s judgment in State v. Devore, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 19-COA-012, 2019-Ohio-

4034, appeal not allowed, 158 Ohio St.3d 1451, 141 N.E.3d 979, 2020-Ohio-1090.

{¶5} On August 14, 2019, Appellant filed a motion for leave to file a delayed

motion for new trial and a motion for new trial on the basis of newly discovered evidence.

The trial court overruled the motion for new trial and Appellant appealed the judgment to

this Court. We affirmed the trial court’s judgment in State v. Devore, 5th Dist. Ashland No.

19-COA-031, 2020-Ohio-1132, appeal not allowed, 159 Ohio St.3d 1417, 147 N.E.3d

666, 2020-Ohio-3365.

{¶6} On July 27, 2020, Appellant filed a Motion to Correct Illegal and Void

Sentence. In his motion, he argued the offenses of abduction and domestic violence were

allied offenses of similar import and should have merged for purposes of sentencing. The

trial court denied the motion on September 25, 2020. The trial court noted Appellant raised

this argument in his Application for Reopening of his direct appeal, which we denied on

February 6, 2019. The trial court found the issue was barred by res judicata. Appellant

appealed the September 25, 2020 judgment entry to this Court in Case No. 20-COA-030.

{¶7} On November 19, 2020, Appellant filed a Delayed Motion to Quash/Dismiss

Count Three of the January 12, 2017 indictment. The trial court denied the motion on

December 15, 2020, finding it was without jurisdiction to consider the motion due to

the appeal pending before this Court regarding Appellant’s conviction for domestic

violence. Appellant filed a motion to reconsider, which the trial court denied on
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

February 10, 2021. Appellant filed a notice of appeal of the judgments to this Court in

Case No. 20-COA-036.

{¶8} It is from these judgment entries that Appellant now appeals in Case Nos.

20-COA-030 and 20-COA-036.

{¶9} We note, this matter comes before this Court pursuant to the accelerated

calendar and App. Rule 11.1. Accordingly, it is sufficient compliance with Appellate Rule

12(A) for the statement of the reason for the court's decision as to each error to be in brief

and conclusionary form. This appeal shall be considered in accordance with the rule.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶10} Appellant raises three Assignments of Error:

{¶11} “I. BECAUSE THE TRIAL COURT MADE A FINDING OF ALLIED

OFFENSES AT SENTENCING AND THEN IMPOSED MAXIMUM AND CONSECUTIVE

SENTENCE [SIC], IT ERRED BY APPLYING RES JUDICATA AS A BAR TO REVIEW

VOID SENTENCE BECAUSE STATE V. WILLIAMS, 148 OHIO ST., 3D 403 PROVIDES

A COURT LACKS AUTHORITY TO IMPOSE CONCURRENT OR CONSECUTIVE

PRISON TERMS AFTER ALLYING OFFENSES AND, THUS, PROVIDES AN

EXCEPTION TO RES JUDICATA AS THE SENTENCE IS VOID.

{¶12} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY CLAIMING IT DID NOT HAVE

JURISDICTION TO DISMISS COUNT THREE FOR LACK OF SUBJECT MATTER

JURISDICTION DUE TO A PENDING APPEAL.

{¶13} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT FAILED TO

DISMISS COUNT THREE (3) FOR STRUCTURAL ERROR.”
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

ANALYSIS

I. Allied Offenses

{¶14} In his first Assignment of Error, Appellant contends the trial court erred when

it applied res judicata to deny Appellant’s motion to correct illegal and void sentence. We

disagree.

{¶15} In making its judgment, the trial court referred to our February 6, 2019

judgment entry denying Appellant’s Application for Reopening pursuant to App.R. 26(B).

On December 21, 2018, Appellant filed an Application for Reopening in appellate Case

No. 18-COA-011. He argued in his first proposed assignment of error that his trial counsel

was ineffective for failing to argue that his sentence for domestic violence and his

sentence for abduction were allied offenses of similar import; therefore, the offenses

should merge for sentencing purposes.

{¶16} In our judgment entry denying the Application, we conducted a detailed

analysis of the issue of allied offenses. We stated:

The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United

States Constitution provides that no person shall "be subject for the same

offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." This protection applies to

Ohio citizens through the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States

Constitution, Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 794, 89 S.Ct. 2056, 23

L.Ed.2d 707 (1969), and is additionally guaranteed by the Ohio Constitution,

Article I, Section 10. The Double Jeopardy Clause protects against three

abuses: (1) “a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal,” (2)

“a second prosecution for the same offense after conviction," and (3)

"multiple punishments for the same offense." North Carolina v. Pearce, 395
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

U.S. 711, 717, 89 S.Ct. 2072, 23 L.Ed.2d 656 (1969), overruled on other

grounds, Alabama v. Smith, 490 U.S. 794, 109 S.Ct. 2201, 104 L.Ed.2d 865

(1989).

Revised Code, Section 2941.25 reads,

(A) Where the same conduct by defendant can be construed to

constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the indictment

or information may contain counts for all such offenses, but the

defendant may be convicted of only one.

(B) Where the defendant's conduct constitutes two or more offenses

of dissimilar import, or where his conduct results in two or more

offenses of the same or similar kind committed separately or with a

separate animus as to each, the indictment or information may

contain counts for all such offenses, and the defendant may be

convicted of all of them.

In State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314, 942

N.E.2d 1061, the Ohio Supreme Court held:

Under R.C. 2941.25, the court must determine prior to sentencing

whether the offenses were committed by the same conduct. Thus,

the court need not perform any hypothetical or abstract comparison

of the offenses at issue in order to conclude that the offenses are

subject to merger.

In determining whether offenses are allied offenses of similar

import under R.C. 2941.25(A), the question is whether it is possible
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

to commit one offense and commit the other with the same conduct,

not whether it issues: (1) "a second prosecution for the same offense

after acquittal," (2) "a possible to commit one without committing the

other. Blankenship, 38 Ohio St.3d at 119, 526 N.E.2d 816

(Whiteside, J., concurring) ("It is not necessary that both crimes are

always committed by the same conduct but, rather, it is sufficient if

both offenses can be committed by the same conduct. It is a matter

of possibility, rather than certainty, that the same conduct will

constitute commission of both offenses." [Emphasis sic]). If the

offenses correspond to such a degree that the conduct of the

defendant constituting commission of one offense constitutes

commission of the other, then the offenses are of similar import.

If the multiple offenses can be committed by the same conduct,

then the court must determine whether the offenses were committed

by the same conduct, i.e., "a single act, committed with a single state

of mind." Brown, 119 Ohio St.3d 447, 2008-Ohio-4569, 895 N.E.2d

149, at ¶ 50 (Lanzinger, J., dissenting).

If the answer to both questions is yes, then the offenses are allied

offenses of similar import and will be merged.

Conversely, if the court determines that the commission of one

offense will never result in the commission of the other, or if the

offenses are committed separately, or if the defendant has separate
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

animus for each offense, then, according to RC. 2941.25(B), the

offenses will not merge.

The Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Ruff, 143 Ohio St.3d 114, 2015-

Ohio-995, 34 N.E.3d 892, addressed the issue of allied offenses,

determining the analysis set forth in Johnson to be incomplete. The Court

in Ruff, held in paragraphs 24-26 as follows:

When the defendant's conduct constitutes a single offense, the

defendant may be convicted and punished only for that offense.

When the conduct supports more than one offense, however, a court

must conduct an analysis of allied offenses of similar import to

determine whether the offenses merge or whether the defendant

may be convicted of separate offenses. R.C. 2941.25(B).

A trial court and the reviewing court on appeal when considering

whether there are allied offenses that merge into a single conviction

under R.C. 2941.25(A) must first take into account the conduct of the

defendant. In other words, how were the offenses committed? If any

of the following is true, the offenses cannot merge and the defendant

may be convicted and sentenced for multiple offenses: (1) the

offenses are dissimilar in import or significance-in other words, each

offense caused separate, identifiable harm, (2) the offenses were

committed separately, and (3) the offenses were committed with

separate animus or motivation.
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

At its heart, the allied-offense analysis is dependent upon the

facts of a case because R.C. 2941.25 focuses on the defendant's

conduct. The evidence at trial or during a plea or sentencing hearing

will reveal whether the offenses have similar import. When a

defendant's conduct victimizes more than one person, the harm for

each person is separate and distinct, and therefore, the defendant

can be convicted of multiple counts. Also, a defendant's conduct that

constitutes two or more offenses against a single victim can support

multiple convictions if the harm that results from each offense is

separate and identifiable from the harm of the other offense. We

therefore hold that two or more offenses of dissimilar import exist

within the meaning of RC. 2941.25(B) when the defendant's conduct

constitutes offenses involving separate victims or if the harm that

results from each offense is separate and identifiable.

Appellant, in the case sub judice, was convicted of abduction in

violation of R.C. 2905.02(A)(2), a felony of the third degree, and domestic

violence in violation of R.C. 2919.25(A).

R.C. 2905.02 stated, in relevant part, as follows: (A) No person,

without privilege to do so, shall knowingly do any of the following: ...

(2) By force or threat, restrain the liberty of another person under

circumstances that create a risk of physical harm to the victim or place the

other person in fear. In turn, RC. 2919.25 states, in relevant part, as follows:
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

"(A) No person shall knowingly cause or attempt to cause physical harm to

a family or household member."

There was testimony at trial that appellant, who was living at times

with the victim, hit her on the way home from a bar. Appellant moved out of

the victim's house the next day, but later returned. The victim testified that

on January 8, 2017, she woke up not being able to breathe very well while

appellant was strangling or hitting her and yelling at her. He was holding

her by the neck. The victim testified that she was trying to push appellant

off of her and that he had his hand around her throat and his arm was up

on her throat and he was hitting her with his fists all over. She testified that

appellant was trying to tire her out by hitting her and that he got off of her

and he sat on the other end of the couch while screaming at her. She

testified that whenever she tried to speak, appellant would go off on her and

that he held her hair down and "said that I am not going to look at any more

niggers, and he poked his finger down in my eye socket." Transcript at 49.

The victim further testified that the next morning, appellant would not permit

her to tend to her sick child and that it was not until January 9, 2017 when

appellant left to get cigarettes, that the victim was able to leave the house.

We find that appellant committed separate and distinct crimes and

the offenses were separated by time and occurred in different locations.

Because appellant did not commit the abduction and domestic violence

offenses in a single act, we find that the offenses should not merge and that

appellate counsel was not ineffective in failing to raise a merger argument.
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

To any extent that appellant argues that his conviction for abduction

should merge with rape, we note that appellant was not convicted of rape.

(Judgment Entry, Feb. 6, 2019).

{¶17} We have held that res judicata bars an appellant from raising issues that

were raised in the appellant’s direct appeal and issues the appellant could have raised in

the direct appeal. State v. Porter, 5th Dist. Perry No. 18-CA-00022, 2019-Ohio-3009, ¶

37 citing State v. Szefcyk, 77 Ohio St.3d 93, 96, 671 N.E.2d 233, 1996–Ohio–337; State

v. Williams, 148 Ohio St.3d 403, 2016-Ohio-7658, 71 N.E.3d 234, ¶ 18, abrogated on

other grounds by State v. Henderson, 161 Ohio St.3d 285, 2020-Ohio-4784, 162 N.E.3d

776. Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction bars a convicted

defendant who was represented by counsel from raising and litigating in any proceeding

except an appeal from that judgment, any defense or claimed lack of due process that

was raised or could have been raised by the defendant at the trial, which resulted in that

judgment of conviction, or on an appeal from that judgment. State v. Szefcyk, 77 Ohio

St.3d 93, 96, 671 N.E.2d 233, 1996–Ohio–337; State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 226

N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraph nine of the syllabus. See, State v. Cuthbert, 5th Dist.

Fairfield No. 18-CA-33, 2019-Ohio-96, ¶¶ 14-16, appeal not allowed, 155 Ohio St.3d

1439, 2019-Ohio-1536, 121 N.E.3d 410.

{¶18} Based on our February 6, 2019 judgment entry, which we incorporate into

this Opinion, and the doctrine of res judicata, we find no error for the trial court to deny

Appellant’s motion to correct illegal and void sentence.

{¶19} Appellant’s first Assignment of Error is overruled.
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

II. and III. Count Three – Domestic Violence

{¶20} In his second and third Assignments of Error, Appellant contends the trial

court erred as to Count Three of the indictment, domestic violence. We disagree.

{¶21} Appellant first contends the trial court was incorrect when it held it could not

rule on Appellant’s motion to quash/dismiss Count Three due to Appellant’s pending

appeal in Case No. 20-COA-030. “An appeal is perfected upon the filing of a written notice

of appeal. R.C. 2505.04. Once a case has been appealed, the trial court loses jurisdiction

except to take action in aid of the appeal. State ex rel. Special Prosecutors v. Judges,

Court of Common Pleas (1978), 55 Ohio St.2d 94, 97, 9 O.O.3d 88, 378 N.E.2d 162.”

State v. Washington, 137 Ohio St.3d 427, 2013-Ohio-4982, 999 N.E.2d 661, 2013 WL

6067981, ¶ 8 quoting In re S.J., 106 Ohio St.3d 11, 2005-Ohio-3215, 829 N.E.2d 1207, ¶

9. The trial court denied Appellant’s motion to correct illegal and void sentence, which

Appellant appealed to this Court on October 16, 2020. On November 19, 2020, Appellant

filed a Delayed Motion to Quash/Dismiss Count Three of the January 12, 2017 indictment.

The motion specifically regarded the domestic violence offense that was of issue in

Appellant’s appeal as to the alleged allied offenses of abduction and domestic violence.

We find the trial court lost jurisdiction to consider the November 19, 2020 motion while

the appeal was pending before this Court.

{¶22} As to Appellant’s third Assignment of Error, we find that res judicata bars

Appellant’s argument that the trial court failed to dismiss Count Three from the indictment

due to structural error. Appellant’s claims concerning structural error as to Count Three

of the indictment could have been raised by Appellant on direct appeal and are now

barred by res judicata.
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2021-Ohio-1760.]

{¶23} Appellant’s second and third Assignments of Error are overruled.

CONCLUSION

{¶24} The judgments of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas are affirmed.

By: Delaney, J.,

Wise, John, P.J. and

Wise, Earle, J., concur.