¶1 W.C.C. argues the probable cause hearing for his civil commitment under Washington’s invol
¶2 We reject W.C.C.’s argument and agree with the Court of Appeals. Weekends and holidays are excluded when computing the maximum time allowed for continuances under RCW 71.05.240(1).
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶3 At the time of his involuntary civil commitment, W.C.C. lived at the Downtown Emergency Service Center’s Rainier House—a supportive housing facility for individuals with mental illnesses. In December 2013, Rainier House staff informed a King County designated mental health professional (DMHP) that W.C.C. exhibited concerning behavior. W.C.C. had hit another Rainier House resident in the throat. He had previously threatened to kill the resident and had falsely accused him of having sexual relations with a Rainier House clinical support specialist. That person reported that W.C.C. was fixated on her and screamed obscenities at her.
¶4 On December 19, 2013, the DMHP petitioned for W.C.C.’s initial detention. The DMHP alleged that W.C.C. was gravely disabled and presented a likelihood of serious harm to others as a result of a mental disorder. The superior court granted the petition, and W.C.C. was detained at Harborview Medical Center for evaluation and treatment for 72 hours, beginning at 6:30 p.m. on Friday, December 20, 2013.
¶5 On December 24, 2013, the DMHP petitioned to detain W.C.C. for 14 days of involuntary treatment. At the probable cause hearing held that day, W.C.C.’s assigned counsel moved to withdraw from representation due to a conflict of interest. W.C.C.’s counsel also moved to continue
¶6 At the probable cause hearing held on December 27, 2013, W.C.C.’s newly appointed counsel, Associated Counsel for the Accused (ACA), moved for a continuance through the deputy prosecuting attorney, explaining that no attorney from ACA could represent W.C.C. that day. The superior court found good cause to continue the hearing until December 30, 2013.
¶7 On December 30,2013, the parties again appeared for the probable cause hearing. At the hearing, W.C.C.’s counsel immediately moved to dismiss the petition for involuntary treatment, arguing that more than 72 hours had passed since W.C.C.’s initial detention in violation of RCW 71.05-.240(l)’s timeline. The superior court denied the motion. It noted that good cause existed to grant the continuances because of the need to appoint W.C.C. new counsel and to account for the intervening nonjudicial days.
¶8 At the hearing, the superior court heard testimony from W.C.C.; his fellow resident; the clinical support specialist; and Dr. Brent O’Neal, a clinical psychologist who evaluated W.C.C. at Harborview Medical Center. The superior court found that W.C.C. presented a likelihood of serious harm to others as a result of a mental disorder. It ordered that W.C.C. be detained for 14 days of inpatient psychiatric treatment. W.C.C. timely appealed.
¶9 On appeal, W.C.C. argued that the superior court erred in denying his motion to dismiss because his probable cause hearing was continued beyond the time frame prescribed by RCW 71.05.240(1). W.C.C. also argued the State presented insufficient evidence to support his involuntary commitment.
¶11 W.C.C. moved to reconsider the Court of Appeals decision. Mot. to Reconsider & Redact Appellant’s Full Name from Published Op., No. 71403-1-1 (Wash. Ct. App. May 19, 2015). Without requesting a response, the Court of Appeals denied the motion. This Court granted review.
ANALYSIS
¶12 W.C.C. maintains that his probable cause hearing was held beyond the maximum time for continuances allowed under RCW 71.05.240(1). Suppl. Br. of Pet’r at 4. RCW 71.05.240(1) states:
If a petition is filed for fourteen day involuntary treatment or ninety days of less restrictive alternative treatment, the court shall hold a probable cause hearing within seventy-two hours of the initial detention or involuntary outpatient evaluation of such person as determined in RCW 71.05.180. If requested by the person or his or her attorney, the hearing may be postponed for a period not to exceed forty-eight hours. The hearing may also be continued subject to the conditions set forth in RCW 71.05.210 or subject to the petitioner’s showing of good cause for a period not to exceed twenty-four hours.
¶13 Whether W.C.C.’s probable cause hearing was timely depends on whether holidays and weekends are included when calculating time for continuances.2 W.C.C. relies on
¶14 Statutory interpretation presents a legal question we review de novo. State v. Costich, 152 Wn.2d 463, 470, 98 P.3d 795 (2004). Our analysis of RCW 71.05.240(1) begins with its plain language. Id. The plain meaning of a statute may be discerned “from all that the Legislature has said in the statute and related statutes which disclose legislative intent about the provision in question.” Dep’t of Ecology v. Campbell & Gwinn, LLC, 146 Wn.2d 1, 11, 43 P.3d 4 (2002). Because civil commitment statutes involve a deprivation of liberty, they should be construed strictly. In re Det. of Swanson, 115 Wn.2d 21, 27, 804 P.2d 1 (1990). Courts, however, must “keep in mind the need to satisfy the intent of the statute while avoiding absurd results.” Id. at 28.
¶16 Although RCW 71.05.180 specifically excludes weekends and holidays when computing the initial 72-hour detention, nothing in chapter 71.05 RCW indicates whether the same exclusion applies when computing the 48-hour and 24-hour continuances. W.C.C.’s objection to his 14-day commitment hinges on reading the exclusion of weekends and holidays in RCW 71.05.180 to imply the inclusion of such days in computing time under RCW 71.05.240(1). Although his argument makes a logical appeal to the maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius, it is less compelling in light of the unique legislative history of the two provisions in chapter 71.05 RCW. When the legislature first enacted RCW 71.05.180 in 1973, weekends and holidays were expressly counted in the initial 72-hour period. Laws of 1973,1st Ex. Sess., ch. 142, § 23. A 1974 amendment eliminated Sundays and holidays, Laws of 1974, Ex. Sess., ch. 145, § 11, and a 1979 amendment also eliminated Saturdays, Laws of 1979, Ex. Sess., ch. 215, § 11. Thus, the express language in RCW 71.05.180 excluding weekends and holidays from the computation of the 72- hour period is specific to that provision and should not be read as stating an “exception” to otherwise applicable general rules for computing time for court hearings.
¶18 Courts frequently look to CR 6(a) to determine the computation method when a statute is otherwise silent, including in analogous contexts. See In re Det. of Capello, 114 Wn. App. 739, 744-51, 60 P.3d 620 (2002) (holding CR 6(a) applicable to computation of initial 72-hour period in special proceedings for commitment of sexually violent predators because no provision within chapter 71.09 RCW addresses how to compute the 72-hour period); Canterwood Place LP v. Thande, 106 Wn. App. 844, 847-49, 25 P.3d 495 (2001) (holding CR 6(a) applicable to computation of time for return of service in special proceedings for unlawful detainer actions because the applicable statute did not specify a method for computing the relevant time period).
¶19 In light of the factual underpinnings of this case, this outcome comports with the purpose of the ITA. Cf
¶20 Relying on CR 81, W.C.C. argues that CR 6(a) does not apply because ITA hearings are special proceedings and thus should be governed by RCW 71.05.240. Suppl. Br. of Pet’r at 12. This argument fails because it presupposes that CR 6(a) is inconsistent with RCW 71.05.240(1), which it is not. CR 81(a) states that civil rules govern all civil proceedings, “[e]xcept where inconsistent with rules or statutes applicable to special proceedings.” RCW 71.05.240(1) is silent as to whether to include weekends and holidays when calculating time periods for continuances, and it can be harmonized with CR 6(a), which provides for the exclusion. Accordingly, we affirm the Court of Appeals decision that W.C.C.’s probable cause hearing was timely.
¶21 Finally, W.C.C. argues—and the State agrees—that the published Court of Appeals opinion should be modified to reveal only his initials, not his full name. Suppl. Br. of Pet’r at 18. RCW 71.05.620 provides that the files and records of court proceedings under Title 71 RCW—which governs mental health proceedings—are closed.5 Based on this statute, W.C.C.’s initials were used in the trial court. This court has used initials in opinions involving involuntary commitment proceedings. See In re Det. of D.F.F., 172 Wn.2d 37, 37 n.†, 256 P.3d 357 (2011) (“The initials D.F.F. are used in place of respondent’s name because this matter concerns her involuntary commitment proceedings.”). Under
CONCLUSION
¶22 We affirm the Court of Appeals and hold that W.C.C.’s probable cause hearing was timely under RCW 71.05.240(1). However, we reverse the Court of Appeals insofar as it refused to use W.C.C.’s initials in the caption and body of its opinion, and remand for the Court of Appeals to modify its opinion.
1.
The Court of Appeals used W.C.C.’s full name in both the case caption and the body of the opinion. We address W.C.C.’s challenge to this aspect of the decision below.
2.
W.C.C. was first committed on Friday, December 20, 2013. Given both the weekend and the December 25 holiday, W.C.C.’s probable cause hearing should
3.
In its argument to the Court of Appeals, the State did not rely on CR 6(a). Instead, the State argued the statutory time frames in RCW 71.05.240(1) are not absolute and Mental Proceedings Rule (MPR) 1.2 allows for reasonable continuances. Br. of Resp’t at 14; MPR 1.2 (“In any judicial proceeding for involuntary commitment or detention held pursuant to RCW 71.05 the court may continue or postpone such proceeding for a reasonable time, subject to RCW 71.05.210 and RCW 71.05.240 . . . .’’). The Court of Appeals correctly rejected this argument, recognizing that MPR 1.2 explicitly calls out RCW 71.05.240(1) as placing a restraint on the court rule. Before this court, the State has abandoned its argument based on MPR 1.2 and now embraces the Court of Appeals view relying on CR 6(a).
The State also contends that W.C.C.’s claim is barred by the invited error doctrine. Suppl. Br. of Resp’t at 7-8. But the State presents no evidence that W.C.C. intentionally or knowingly set up the error. We reject the State’s argument and decide W.C.C.’s claim on the merits.
4.
RCW 1.12.040 provides that “[t]he time within which an act is to be done, as herein provided, shall be computed by excluding the first day, and including the last, unless the last day is a holiday, Saturday, or Sunday, and then it is also excluded.” Because a holiday did not fall on the last day of the 48-hour continuance, RCW 1.12.040 would have required W.C.C.’s probable cause hearing to be set on December 26.
5.
Neither party challenges the constitutionality of this statute, nor the appropriateness of any closure or sealing under our court rules. Thus, this case does not present an opportunity to consider these significant issues.