— This action was brought to recover an alleged balance of $130.36 from the defendant for three cars of lumber sold and delivered to defendant upon a written contract. The complaint alleged a modification of the written contract before delivery of the lumber. The defendant, after denying the modification of the written contract, alleged a counterclaim of $244.59. The case was tried to the court without a jury, and resulted in a judgment in favor of the defendant for $114.23. Plaintiff appeals from that judgment.
The principal facts are as follows: On April 17, 1917, the appellant, by a written order, agreed to ship to W. D. Moreland, Minnesota Transfer, Minnesota, a certain amount of white pine lumber, “1x4 and wider, No. 2 common and better, surfaced two sides to %, at $20; and 2x6 and wider, No. 2 common and better,
“It is understood that this stock will be graded strictly in accordance with the White Pine grading rules and that no lumber below the grade of No. 2 common shall be loaded.”
In order to fill this contract, the appellant purchased the lumber from the Dempsey Lumber Company in the rough, expecting to be able to have the lumber surfaced at $2 per thousand. When the appellant was not able to get the lumber surfaced at $2 per thousand, after some discussion the respondent agreed to procure the surfacing of the lumber, and that $2 per thousand should be deducted from the contract price. The lumber was thereupon loaded by the appellant upon cars and shipped to certain mills for dressing. After the lumber was dressed, it was reloaded on the cars and shipped to Brooks Brothers at Minnesota Transfer, where it was delivered and graded. After it was graded it was found that a part of the lumber did not come up to grade, as stated in the contract, “No. 2 common and better,” and deductions were made on that account amounting to $244.59. The respondent was notified of these deductions because the lumber did not come up to grade of No. 2 common and better, and thereafter notified the appellant. The appellant thereupon claimed that the lumber was to be graded in the rough and not as dressed lumber. This action resulted.
Upon the trial, the court found that the only modification of the written contract was
“that the defendant should procure the surfacing of said lumber for and on behalf of the plaintiff and should be allowed a credit on the purchase price of $2 per thousand to apply on the cost of surfacing. That otherwise the aforesaid written contract of April 17 was to remain in full force and effect.”
“It is understood that this stock will be graded strictly in accordance with the White Pine grading rules and that no lumber below the grade of No. 2 common shall be loaded,”
was, in effect, a warranty of the quality of the lumber.
Upon the first question, there was a direct conflict in the evidence. The written contract required the lumber to be surfaced two sides. The appellant contends that the evidence shows that the contract was modified so that the lumber was to be delivered in the rough and graded as rough lumber. It is conceded that No. 2 common rough lumber will not grade No. 2 dressed lumber. The respondent, on the other hand, contends that the contract was not modified with respect to the grade of the lumber as dressed lumber; that all it agreed to do was to have the lumber dressed and pay the difference between $2 and the actual cost of the dressing, which was $2.50 per thousand. The court, after seeing the witnesses and hearing the evidence upon this question, concluded, and we think rightly, that there was no modification of the contract with reference to the grade of the lumber as dressed lumber.
Upon the second question, it is contended by the appellant that the word “understood,” as used in the written contract, is equivalent to the word “agreed,” and that an agreement that “no lumber below the grade of No. 2 common shall be loaded” was not a warranty of the quality of the lumber. Whether the word “understood” in the written contract is to be
“It would seem a travesty on justice to hold that a party could not show, in a suit to recover the purchase price, that the article delivered was not the article contracted for, but one of inferior quality and less value. It would be taking away a defense of litigants that has never been questioned by the courts. The authorities are united in holding that a vendee, when sued for the purchase price of goods, may show that the goods were not what he contracted for. . . .
“The right of a vendee, when sued for the purchase price of goods, to show that the goods received were not as contracted for is well established; Tacoma Coal Co. v. Bradley, and Dickinson Fire & Pressed Brick Co. v. Crowe & Co., supra.”
See, also, Fink v. Marr, supra.
We are of the opinion, therefore, that the trial court properly held that this provision in the contract was, in substance, a warranty, and that the respondent was
The judgment is therefore affirmed.
Main, C. J., Holcomb, Chadwick, and Mackintosh, JJ., concur.