[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
No. 05-15486 APRIL 19, 2006
Non-Argument Calendar THOMAS K. KAHN
CLERK
________________________
BIA Nos. A79-478-273 & A79-478-274
HERNAN MONTAGUT CIFUENTES,
MONICA DOMINGUEZ CARVAJAL,
HERNAN DAVID MONTAGUT DOMINGUEZ,
Petitioners,
versus
U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
________________________
Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
_________________________
(April 19, 2006)
Before TJOFLAT, BARKETT and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Hernan Montagut Cifuentes appeals pro se the order of the Board of
Immigration Appeals that adopted and affirmed the decision of the Immigration
Judge denying asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention
Against Torture to Montagut, his spouse, and his son. Because the record does not
compel the conclusion that Montagut suffered past persecution or has a well-
founded fear of future persecution, we deny his petition.
I. BACKGROUND
Montagut, his spouse, and his son are citizens of Colombia who were
admitted as visitors to the United States on February 25, 2001, with permission to
remain until no later than August 24, 2001. On July 6, 2001, Montagut submitted
an application for asylum and withholding of removal for himself and his family.
On September 20, 2001, the Immigration and Naturalization Service served each
Montagut with a notice to appear and charged them with removability. See 8
U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(B). Montagut conceded removability.
In his application for asylum, Montagut alleged he was threatened by
members of the National Liberation Army (ELN) for participating in a government
program designed to promote the substitution of legal crops for illegal crops. In
the course of promoting the “PLANTE program” in several small towns
throughout a region of Colombia, Montagut publically stated that the ELN
“brought more poverty and pain than progress to the population.” On June 25,
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2000, Montagut was stopped in his car by five armed men wearing the insignia of
the ELN. One of the men, Alonso, told Montagut that the ELN would “prevent”
the PLANTE program from “poison[ing] the conscience of the peasants” and
Montagut would be kidnapped or “disappear” if he did not leave the region. In the
months following that threat, Montagut made at least two round trips to the United
States and eventually tried to restart the PLANTE program in a different area of
Colombia. After he received a threatening phone call from “Alonso of the ELN” in
February 2001, Montagut left for the United States and took his family with him.
At a removal hearing in July 2004, Montagut testified that, after the ELN
first threatened him, Montagut’s spouse suffered a nervous breakdown and both
she and their son required psychological treatment. Montagut elaborated that, in
the threatening phone call to his home in February 2001, “Alonso” told him “that
since I had forfeited my commitment, I was now declared a military objective and I
should consider myself a dead man.” Montagut testified that, after he left
Colombia, the ELN called his brother “to remind him that they are waiting for me,
to kill me.”
On cross-examination, Montagut admitted that neither he nor his family was
ever physically harmed, he never reported the armed confrontation with the ELN to
the police, and he resumed activities in the PLANTE program despite the
psychological harm his son suffered after Montagut was threatened in June 2000.
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In response to questioning by the IJ, Montagut described threatening phone calls he
had received at his places of business in Medellin and Bogota between July 2000
and February 2001. Montagut admitted he left his spouse and son in Colombia
when he took two trips to the United States between September and November
2000, even though his spouse and son began receiving psychological treatment in
August 2000. Montagut testified he “did not think of coming to stay [in the United
States] permanently.”
On July 23, 2004, the IJ found that Montagut “has lost a tremendous amount
of credibility as to his claimed fear of persecution” because on direct examination
“he only testified in the most general terms that he had been threatened.” The IJ
observed that Montagut failed to take his spouse and son with him to the United
States on two trips he made after the threat in June 2000, even though his spouse
and son allegedly were receiving psychological treatment. The IJ also observed
that Montagut had no thought of staying in the United States even after he was
threatened; it was “not logical” that Montagut would resume activities with the
PLANTE program after his participation led to the alleged psychological harm of
his family; Montagut and his family left and returned to Colombia after he had
been threatened; and neither Montagut nor his family had been physically harmed.
The IJ concluded that the Montagut family failed to show either past persecution or
a well-founded fear of persecution, consequently failed to satisfy the higher burden
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of proof for withholding of removal, and failed to show it was more likely than not
they would be tortured if returned to Colombia. This petition follows the order of
the BIA that affirmed the decision of the IJ and dismissed Montagut’s appeal.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
“When the BIA summarily affirms the IJ’s decision without an opinion, the
IJ’s decision becomes the final removal order subject to review.” Sepulveda v.
United States Atty. Gen., 401 F.3d 1226, 1230 (11th Cir. 2005). “The IJ’s findings
of fact are reviewed under the substantial evidence test, and we ‘must affirm the
[IJ’s] decision if it is supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence
on the record considered as a whole.’” Id. (quoting Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d
1262, 1284 (11th Cir. 2001) (quotation marks and citation omitted)). “Under this
highly deferential standard of review, the IJ’s decision can be reversed only if the
evidence ‘compels’ a reasonable fact finder to find otherwise.” Id.; see INS v.
Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481 n.1, 112 S. Ct. 812, 815 n.1 (1992); Adefemi v.
Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1022, 1027 (11th Cir. 2004) (en banc).
III. DISCUSSION
An alien seeking asylum must show that he suffered past persecution or has
a well-founded fear of future persecution “on account of race, religion, nationality,
membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. §
1101(a)(42)(A); see Sepulveda, 401 F.3d at 1230. “[P]ersecution is an extreme
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concept, requiring more than a few isolated incidents of verbal harassment or
intimidation.” Sepulveda, 401 F.3d at 1231 (internal quotations omitted).
“‘[M]ere harassment does not amount to persecution,’” Gonzalez v. Reno, 212
F.3d 1338, 1355-56 (11th Cir. 2000) (alteration in original) (quoting Bradvica v.
INS, 128 F.3d 1009, 1012 (7th Cir. 1997)), and “[n]ot all exceptional treatment is
persecution.” Id.
Montagut’s argument that the record compels the conclusion that he suffered
past persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution fails. Neither
Montagut nor his family was physically harmed. Montagut alleged that some
armed men from the ELN once threatened him, but “[n]ot all exceptional treatment
is persecution.” Id. Although Montagut alleged that his spouse and son suffered
psychological harm as a result of the threat, substantial evidence supports the
conclusion that Montagut did not seriously regard that harm. Montagut thought it
unnecessary to take his spouse and son with him to the United States on two trips
he made after the threat in June 2000, and after a vacation in the United States in
December 2000, the entire family returned to Colombia. The same evidence, in
addition to Montagut’s testimony that he had no thought of staying in the United
States, contradicts Montagut’s claim that he feared future persecution. “An
applicant’s claim of persecution upon return is weakened, even undercut, when
similarly-situated family members continue to live in the country without incident,
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or when the applicant has returned to the country without incident.” Hakeem v.
INS, 273 F.3d 812, 816 (9th Cir. 2001) (internal citation omitted).
Because substantial evidence supports the conclusion that Montagut failed to
show a well-founded fear of future persecution, we also agree that Montagut failed
to satisfy the higher burden of proof for withholding of removal. See Najjar, 257
F.3d at 1292-93. The same rationale likewise undermines Montagut’s claim for
relief under the Convention Against Torture, see id. at 1303-04, as does
Montagut’s failure to offer evidence that he would suffer torture “inflicted by or at
the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other
person acting in an official capacity.” 8 C.F.R. § 208.18(a)(1) (emphasis added).
The record does not compel a conclusion contrary to that reached by the IJ.
IV. CONCLUSION
We deny Montagut’s petition for review.
PETITION DENIED.
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