FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
AUG 20 2021
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
ALFRED F. WAKELEY, No. 19-70399
Petitioner, BRB No. 18-0238
v.
MEMORANDUM*
KNUTSON TOWBOAT COMPANY; et
al.,
Respondents.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Benefits Review Board
Argued and Submitted September 3, 2020
Seattle, Washington
Before: TASHIMA, BYBEE, and COLLINS, Circuit Judges.
Alfred Wakeley petitions for review of a Benefits Review Board (BRB)
decision upholding an administrative law judge (ALJ) decision awarding Wakeley
attorney’s fees and costs under the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation
Act (LHWCA), 33 U.S.C. §§ 901–50. We review the BRB decision “for errors of
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
law and adherence to the substantial evidence standard.” Port of Portland v. Dir.,
OWCP, 932 F.2d 836, 838 (9th Cir. 1991). We grant the petition for review and
remand to the BRB for further proceedings. We also order the BRB to reassign
this matter to a different ALJ on remand.
1. Substantial evidence does not support the ALJ’s determination of the
hourly rate for Wakeley’s attorney, Charles Robinowitz. We grant the petition for
review on this ground and remand for further proceedings consistent with this
disposition. On remand, the BRB should take into consideration updated evidence
of hourly rates in the Portland community, including the 2017 update to the
Oregon State Bar (OSB) Economic Survey, in determining Robinowitz’s hourly
rate.
a. First, the ALJ erred in finding that Robinowitz failed to satisfy his
burden of producing evidence establishing the reasonableness of his requested
hourly rate. To establish the reasonableness of fees sought, the fee applicant has
the initial burden of production, including “proof of market rates in the relevant
community.” United States v. $28,000.00 in U.S. Currency, 802 F.3d 1100, 1105
(9th Cir. 2015) (citation omitted). In support of his requested hourly rate,
Robinowitz submitted his own declaration, the affidavit of an experienced
practitioner, a 2014 survey of commercial litigation rates, a 2009 survey of small
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law firm rates, excerpts of the 2012 OSB survey, and attorney fee orders from the
BRB and the Ninth Circuit Appellate Commissioner awarding him similar rates in
other cases. Substantial evidence does not support the ALJ’s conclusion that
Robinowitz did not meet his initial burden of production. See Seachris v. Brady-
Hamilton Stevedore Co., 994 F.3d 1066, 1077 (9th Cir. 2021).
b. Second, the ALJ erred by rejecting Robinowitz’s evidence of
prevailing market rates as outdated. Although fee awards should be based on
current market conditions, historical evidence is relevant to determining current
market conditions, particularly when it is the only evidence available. See id. at
1077–78 (citing Christensen v. Stevedoring Servs. of Am., 557 F.3d 1049, 1055
(9th Cir. 2009)). Substantial evidence does not support the ALJ’s rejection of the
2009 small firm survey as outdated, particularly given the ALJ’s adjustment of
2011 rates to reach the 2017 proxy market rate. See id.
c. Third, the ALJ erred by rejecting Robinowitz’s proffered evidence of
commercial litigation rates. In determining the appropriate rate, the ALJ was
required to look to rates charged for “similar services by lawyers of reasonably
comparable skill, experience, and reputation.” Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 895
n.11 (1984). The ALJ’s reasoning that commercial litigation is not similar to
LHWCA work is unpersuasive because the ALJ appears to have conflated
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commercial litigation with complex litigation and has failed to provide a rational
basis for distinguishing commercial litigation while using plaintiff civil litigation
and general practice as comparators. See Seachris, 994 F.3d at 1079.
d. Fourth, the ALJ erred in rejecting Robinowitz’s evidence from the
2012 OSB survey. The ALJ rejected Robinowitz’s proffered portions of the survey
reporting rates charged by years of experience without much explanation except a
citation to the attorney fee order in Seachris and instead relied on the portions of
the survey reporting rates by practice area. The ALJ provided no reasoned basis
for rejecting this evidence, and years of experience is a relevant factor in
determining a proxy market rate. See id. at 1080 (citing Shirrod v. Dir., OWCP,
809 F.3d 1082, 1089 (9th Cir. 2015)). The ALJ’s reliance on her prior attorney fee
order in Seachris in place of a reasoned analysis was improper. See Christensen,
557 F.3d at 1054 (holding that ALJs may not rely solely on attorney fee awards in
other LHWCA cases).
e. Fifth, the ALJ’s decision to place Robinowitz in the 75th percentile
must be vacated. Although the ALJ could reasonably have placed Robinowitz in
either the 75th percentile or 95th percentile, in deciding to place Robinowitz in the
75th percentile here, the ALJ relied on her placement in Seachris, a determination
that we found was influenced by improper considerations. See Seachris, 994 F.3d
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at 1080–81. As in Seachris, a remand is necessary to determine the proper
percentile ranking.
f. Finally, the ALJ erred in including the “general” practice area in the
proxy market rate calculation. There is ample evidence in the record that
Robinowitz is a specialist rather than a generalist, and the ALJ provided no
reasoned basis for including general practice while excluding commercial
litigation. See id. at 1082. The record does not support the ALJ’s inclusion of the
general practice category.
2. The ALJ erred in determining the hourly rate for Robinowitz’s
paralegal. In awarding an hourly rate of $150, the ALJ’s exclusive reliance on the
rate awarded in Seachris and rates awarded by ALJs in other LHWCA cases was
improper. See Christensen, 557 F.3d at 1054. Robinowitz’s evidence—his own
affidavit, the 2014 commercial litigation rate survey, and the 2014 attorney fee
order in Petitt v. Sause Brothers, No. 12-70740 (9th Cir. App. Comm’r Sept. 24,
2014)—establishes his requested rate of $165. We grant the petition for review on
this ground. On remand, the BRB shall award Robinowitz’s paralegal an hourly
rate of $165.
3. The ALJ and BRB erred in denying Robinowitz an award of interest
on costs as a delay enhancement. Both the ALJ and BRB found that Robinowitz
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failed to establish that the LHWCA permits interest on costs because he failed to
provide cases supporting such an award, but the Supreme Court has made clear that
such interest is not categorically unavailable in fee-shifting cases. See Seachris,
994 F.3d at 1084 (citing Perdue v. Kenny A. ex rel. Winn, 559 U.S. 542, 555
(2010)). The ALJ’s alternative holding that adjusting his attorney fee rate to the
2017 market rate adequately compensated Robinowitz for the delay in payment
fails to account for the distinct delay in payment on costs. We grant the petition
for review on this ground, and on remand the BRB shall determine whether an
award of interest on costs is appropriate given the delay in payment on services
performed between 2007 and 2017.
4. Finally, we sua sponte direct that the BRB assign this matter to a
different ALJ on remand. The ALJ relied heavily on her prior attorney fee order in
Seachris—a decision that raised concerns about the impartiality and fairness of the
proceedings. 994 F.3d at 1084. Such reliance on a prior fee award suggests that
this case did not receive the independent evaluation required by Christensen. See
557 F.3d at 1054. Because the ALJ’s tone, manner of evaluation, and reliance on
Seachris do not give us confidence that Robinowitz received a fresh evaluation in
this case, consideration by a new ALJ is warranted.
PETITION GRANTED AND REMANDED.
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