IMPORTANT NOTICE
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OPINION
THIS OPINION IS DESIGNATED “NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.”
PURSUANT TO THE RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
PROMULGATED BY THE SUPREME COURT, CR 76.28(4)(C),
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RENDERED: AUGUST 26, 2021
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Supreme Court of Kentucky
2020-SC-0325-MR
JEREMY DEMAR APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM CHRISTIAN CIRCUIT COURT
V. HONORABLE JOHN L. ATKINS, JUDGE
NO. 17-CR-00222
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE
MEMORANDUM OPINION OF THE COURT
AFFIRMING
Indicted on two counts of murder (one of which was domestic violence),
attempted murder, first-degree burglary, and fourth-degree assault and facing
the Commonwealth’s notice of intent to seek the death penalty, Jeremy James
Demar pleaded guilty to all charges under a negotiated plea agreement in
which the Commonwealth recommended a sentence of life imprisonment
without parole. Before sentencing, Demar moved the trial court for leave to
withdraw his plea. The trial court conducted an evidentiary hearing on the
motion, denied it, imposed the sentence contemplated by the plea deal, and
entered judgment accordingly.
Demar appeals from the trial court’s denial of the motion to withdraw the
guilty pleas. He admits that his pleas were voluntarily made, and we affirm the
trial court’s denial of the motion to withdraw because Demar failed to show
that the trial court abused its discretion.
I. Background
Gleaned from Demar’s motion to enter guilty pleas is the following
recitation of the facts detailing the five charges contained in the indictment and
to which he pleaded guilty:
The Defendant admits that on the 2nd day of February 2017, that he, while
armed with a handgun and the intent to commit a crime, forcibly entered
the residence of Dominique House located at 204 Arkansas Avenue, Apt.
B, Oak Grove, KY., with no lawful right to enter or remain on the property
(Burglary first degree). That while unlawfully in the residence he shot and
killed Christopher Hock (Murder) attempted to shoot and kill Dominique
House (Attempted Murder), physically assaulted [B.M.] (4th degree
Assault) and then shot and killed his wife, Priscilla Ann East (Murder-
Domestic Violence). Thereafter, he left the residence in flight therefrom
still armed with the handgun he used to kill Hoch and East.
Following an extensive plea colloquy, the trial court accepted Demar’s
guilty pleas.1 Under the plea deal, the Commonwealth’s recommended
sentence for these convictions was imprisonment for life without parole. But
before sentencing, Demar moved to withdraw his guilty pleas. In the motion,
Demar acknowledged his pleas were voluntarily made, but he nevertheless
requested the trial court exercise its discretion under Kentucky Rule of
Criminal Procedure (RCr) 8.10 to allow him to withdraw them. The
Commonwealth opposed this motion, and the trial court held an evidentiary
hearing on the issues raised by the motion. At the hearing, Demar informed
the trial court that when he made his guilty pleas he felt pressured by his
1 Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 241–42 (1969).
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family to do so and was stressed by the prospect of lengthy confinement. At
the end of the hearing, the trial court denied Demar’s motion, ruling the pleas
were voluntarily made and Demar had failed to give a substantial reason why
he should be permitted to withdraw them. Demar appealed the trial court’s
denial to this Court as a matter of right, arguing the denial was an abuse of
discretion.
II. Analysis
We review the appeal of the denial of a motion to withdraw a guilty plea
for abuse of discretion, and we will uphold the trial court’s decision so long as
it was not arbitrary, unreasonable, or contrary to sound legal principles.2
Under RCr 8.10, before a guilty plea may be taken from a defendant the trial
court must ensure it was voluntarily made with a full understanding of its
nature. When a defendant seeks to withdraw a guilty plea, and voluntariness
is not at issue, resolution lies within the trial court’s sound discretion.3 We
find the trial court in the present case did not abuse its discretion.
In Dorsey v. Commonwealth,4 we upheld the defendant’s guilty plea
when, after sentencing, he told the trial court his family had pressured him to
take the plea.5 During the plea hearing, Dorsey affirmed that he had enough
time to talk to his attorney, was satisfied with the attorney’s advice, confirmed
2 Edmonds v. Commonwealth, 189 S.W.3d 558 (Ky. 2006).
3 RCr 8.10 (“At any time before judgment the court may permit the plea of guilty
or guilty but mentally ill, to be withdrawn and a plea of not guilty substituted.”).
4 565 S.W.3d 569 (Ky. 2018).
5 Id. at 577.
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that he was not under any coercion or threats that induced him to plead guilty,
asserted he was acting under his own free will, and stated he understood the
proceedings.6 We stated that Dorsey’s “[s]olemn declarations . . . carr[ied] a
strong presumption of verity” and that “strong encouragement by family
members does not rise to the level of coercion.”7 Dorsey may have considered
his mother’s encouragement in taking the plea deal, but it did not rise to the
level of coercion warranting withdrawal of his guilty plea.8
The facts here are like those in Dorsey. Demar argues that the trial court
abused its discretion in not allowing him to withdraw his guilty pleas because
at the time he entered them he was facing the realities of incarceration and
family pressure. Demar acknowledged at his guilty plea hearing, after a full
Boykin colloquy with the trial court, that he understood the decision he was
making, his constitutional rights, and the consequences of entering the plea.
He again affirmed in the hearing on his motion to withdraw that the plea was
voluntarily made but told the trial court that he would now rather have a jury
decide his fate. We find that the trial court did not err when it found Demar
put forth a legally insufficient basis to warrant setting aside the pleas. Demar
voluntarily entered his plea and still maintains it was his choice. While he
6 Id.
7 Id. at 577–78 (“Advice even strong urging by those who have an accused’s
welfare at heart . . . does not constitute undue coercion. While familial pressure may
influence a defendant’s decision to plead guilty, this pressure does not imply undue
coercion such that the plea was involuntary. Dorsey’s mother may have encouraged
Dorsey to accept the plea deal, but her influence does not constitute coercion.”)
(internal citations omitted).
8 Id. at 578.
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argues that his choice was influenced by the pressures of incarceration and his
family to take the deal, we cannot say this rises to the level of coercion. And
we are satisfied, as we were in Dorsey, that Demar’s solemn declarations are
indicative that he voluntarily entered his guilty pleas and he has not put forth
evidence of coercion, but instead offers the pressures that are not uncommon
to defendants contemplating the available options in the plea-bargaining
process.
Lastly, Demar invites us to adopt the Sixth Circuit’s Hockenberry factors.
In United States v. Hockenberry,9 the federal appellate court established a rule
that a trial court should analyze the totality of the circumstances in deciding
whether a fair and just reason exists for allowing a defendant to withdraw his
guilty plea. These factors include:
(1) the amount of time that elapsed between the plea and the
motion to withdraw it; (2) the presence (or absence) of a valid
reason for the failure to move for withdrawal earlier in the
proceedings; (3) whether the defendant has asserted or
maintained his innocence; (4) the circumstances underlying
the entry of the guilty plea; (5) the defendant's nature and
background; (6) the degree to which the defendant has had
prior experience with the criminal justice system; and
(7) potential prejudice to the government if the motion to
withdraw is granted.
We decline to adopt these factors today. While the Hockenberry
considerations are reasonable, their consideration under the present
facts does not suggest a different outcome for Demar.
9 730 F.3d 645 (6th Cir. 2013).
5
The circumstances surrounding the entry of Demar’s pleas are in no way
suspect. Demar admits the guilty pleas were voluntarily made, and he does
not now claim innocence of any of the charges to which he pleaded. He freely
and openly admitted to the criminal acts for which he stands convicted, and he
has received the sentence contemplated by the deal he made. We hold that the
trial court properly denied the motion.
III. Conclusion
For these reasons we affirm the trial court’s denial of Demar’s motion to
withdraw his plea.
All sitting. All concur.
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT:
Shannon Renee Dupree
Assistant Public Advocate
COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:
Daniel J. Cameron
Attorney General of Kentucky
Perry T. Ryan
Assistant Attorney General
6