On the 16th day of August, 1888, a petition was filed in the District Court of San Jacinto County against ap*627pellant, who was then the sheriff and- ex officio tax collector of said county.
The petition was sworn to by the relators before the clerk of the County Court of San Jacinto County (he being clerk of the District Court also), but he did not attach his seal of office to his certificate.
The petition and an application for citation to the defendant were presented to the judge of. the District Court in chambers on August 18, 1888, when he endorsed on the petition an order to the clerk to cite the defendant to appear at the next term of the District Court for said county on a day named. At the same time the district judge in accordance with a prayer of the petition suspended the defendant from office and appointed his successor upon his giving bond for $1000 payable to the defendant.
On the day named for the hearing the defendant appeared and answered.
The record contains no statement of facts. The answer contained a general demurrer and a number of special exceptions. Some of the special exceptions were sustained. The general demurrer and other special exceptions were overruled.
The relators filed a trial amendment, setting up substantially the same grounds contained in their original petition and supplying the omissions which had been made the grounds of the exceptions sustained by the court.
The trial amendment was sworn to, and in addition the certificate of the officer who administered the oath recited that the relators swore “that their original petition, filed August 16, 1888, was true.”
The grounds for removing appellant from office remaining after the court had acted on appellant’s special exceptions, and after plaintiff’s "trial amendment was filed, were substantially:
1. That the sheriff and ex officio tax collector willfully refused to comply with an order of the County Commissioners Court requiring him to give a new bond as tax collector.
2. That said officer willfully failed to pay over when properly demanded by the Commissioners Court on the sixteenth day of June, 1888, the sum of $1738.61, ascertained on final settlement to be due by him to the county on account of collections of county taxes made by him.
3. That he willfully failed to collect the occupation taxes.
4. That at the May Term, 1887, of the County Commissioners Court, that being a regular term of said court, and the time for a regular quarterly settlement with him, he willfully refused to pay over to the county treasurer the sum of $1377.45 of county taxes previously collected by him.
5. That at the May Term, 1888, of said Commissioners Court, that being the regular time for him to make a quarterly settlement both as sheriff and tax collector, he willfully refused to make any settlement whatever.
*628The jury rendered a verdict finding all of the charges true, upon which, judgment was rendered removing the defendant from office.
The provision of the Constitution on the subject is that “county officers may be removed by the judges of the district courts for incompetency, official misconduct, habitual drunkenness, or other causes defined by law, upon the cause therefor being set forth in writing and the finding of its truth by a jury.” Sec. 24, art. 5.
Section 23 of article 5 prescribes that vacancies in the office of sheriff' “ shall be filled by the Commissioners Court until the next general election for county or State officers.”
The mode of removal of such officers is fully provided for in chapter' 2 of title 46 of the Revised Statutes. The law provides that proceedings, for that purpose may be commenced in term time or vacation by filing a petition in the District Court of the county where the officer resides;, that the “cause or causes” alleged as grounds of removal shall beset, forth in plain and intelligible words, and that the petition shall be sworn to “at or before the filing of the same.” That the judge shall instruct the jury to find from the evidence “whether the cause or causes of removal set forth in the petition are true in point of fact or not, and when, there is more than one distinct cause of removal alleged the jury shall by their verdict say which cause they find sustained by the evidence before them and which not sustained.” That at any time after the issuance of the order for the citation the district judge may suspend temporarily from office the officer against whom the petition is filed, and appoint for the time being some other person to discharge the duties of the office, but. not until the person appointed shall execute a bond, with such conditions as the judge may impose, to pay to the person suspended all costs and damages that he may sustain by reason of his suspension, in case it should appear that the cause or causes of removal are insufficient or untrue. “That the trial and all proceedings connected therewith shall be conducted as far as it is possible in accordance with the rules and practice of the court in other civil cases,” and that “an appeal or writ of error1 may be sued out as in other civil cases.”
The assignments of error involve substantially the following propositions:
1. That under the Constitution but one ground of removal can be set. up in any one proceeding.
2. That plaintiff’s original petition was not properly sworn to because the county clerk did not attach his seal to his certificate of the administration of the oath, and that on account of such defect all subsequent-proceedings were unlawful.
3. That the original petition not having charged that the alleged delinquencies of the sheriff were corrupt or willful, no amendment of it ought to have been allowed.
*6294. That the order of the Commissioners Court requiring defendant to give a new bond was void upon its face because it was made without first citing him to appear, etc.
5. That the district judge has no power to suspend one officer and appoint another in his stead until there has been a verdict of a jury, and that the statutes on the subject are unconstitutional.
6. That a want, of power under the Constitution in a district judge to remove a sheriff from office involves a want of power to suspend him temporarily and bestow his office on another.
Clearly the Constitution does not intend to limit the Legislature in defining the number of causes for which officers may be removed, or, where more causes than one exist, to prevent all from being jointly prosecuted in the same proceeding.
We are not satisfied that the county clerk was required to attach his seal to his certificate, and if it was necessary we see no reason why, he being the clerk of the court in which the cause was pending, might not have been allowed to amend the certificate by attaching his seal, or instead do what was done in this case, to-wit, readminister the oath to the pleadings as amended.
The facts constituting the grounds for removal were set out in the original petition. Some of the grounds, not all, were not charged with the technical precision prescribed by the statute. The defendant exercised his legal right to except to the defective pleadings, and the court sustained both the right and the law by allowing his exceptions, but the same act of the Legislature that conferred upon the defendant the right to object to the pleadings on the grounds taken by his exceptions made it the duty of the court to allow the defective proceedings to be amended under the rules applying to other causes.
blot to allow the defective pleadings to be amended so as to perfect them would have been fully as flagrant error as to have overruled exceptions taken to them. The objection urged to the constitutionality of the act of the Legislature conferring upon district judges power to suspend the sheriff temporarily during the pendency of the removal proceedings is not well taken.
It is unquestionably true that the Constitution does not allow the Legislature to confer upon district judges authority to appoint a sheriff to fill a vacancy. It is equally true that it does not allow the Legislature to give him the power to remove one and thus create a vacancy without the verdict of a jury.
The suspension of an officer may be inconvenient and may even prove to be a great wrong to him. While the suspension is by the terms of the law only a temporary deprivation of the office, it in every case may be what it in effect was in this, a permanent deprivation of the office. Still a suspension is in no proper sense the same thing as a removal. We are *630not at liberty by construction or otherwise to hold that the provisions of' the Constitution with regard to removals apply equally to suspensions from office.
The Legislature finding the power to suspend undefined by the Constitution has regulated its exercise with due regard to the rights of the-office holder. The act while allowing an appeal authorizes it. to be returned to the next term of the Supreme Court, wherever it may be in session, and to have there precedence of the ordinary business, and requires it to be decided’ with all convenient dispatch. The mandate of this court is required to be issued, unless there be cause to the contrary, within five days after the judgment is rendered. The law through the instrumentality of a bond to the suspended officer undertakes to preserve ■him from pecuniary loss if it shall be ascertained by the verdict of a jury that the alleged causes for his removal are insufficient or untrue. The public interests as well as those of the office holder are to be regarded. The law does not compel the district judges to suspend the officer, but - entrusts them with the discretion to do it, as it in like manner trusts to • their discretion in many other matters equally important. The safety of the public and every citizen is found in the judicious exercise of that discretion.
We do not deem it material to decide upon the objection taken that the order of the Commissioners Court requiring the sheriff to give a new bond as tax collector was void because it shows that it was made without first citing him to appear and show cause. When the right to require a new bond depends as it does in most cases upon article 3440 of the Revised Statutes, we think the order would be a nullity if made Avithout first citing the officer to appear and show cause. This article is however a general provision for all officers of a certain class, including tax collectors.
A different article of the statutes, relating exclusively to tax collectors, confers upon Commissioners Courts authority to require them to furnish a new bond or additional security “ whenever in the opinion of the Commissioners Court or Comptroller of Public Accounts it may be advisable.” Art. 4733. We think this article controls this question, and that the defendant was properly required to give a new bond without its being necessary to cite him before the order Avas made. The court beloAv correctly charged the jury that he was entitled to have a reasonable time to comply with the order before being removed for disobedience to it.
To make the judgment in this case correct it was not necessary for the jury to find all the grounds true that were alleged in the petition. We think either of the charges submitted to it was amply sufficient to sustain the judgment rendered.
It is also assigned that the court erred in refusing after judgment to-make an order restoring defendant to his office pending his appeal to-. *631this court, upon his executing a supersedeas bond. The right to suspend exists under the law as long as the litigation continues. The suspension existed prior to and did not at all depend upon the judgment. An appeal with a supersedeas bond had only the effect of suspending the execution of the judgment. The judgment appealed from removed but did not suspend him.
The appeal prevented defendant's removal from office during its pendency. His suspension continued afterwards, as before, to await the termination of the litigation. The judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Opinion February 8, 1889.