19-3461-pr
Bell v. Carlson
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY
ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF
APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER
IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY
ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of
New York, on the 3rd day of September, two thousand twenty-one.
PRESENT:
JOHN M. WALKER, JR.,
JOSEPH F. BIANCO,
STEVEN J. MENASHI,
Circuit Judges.
_____________________________________
Jerome M. Bell,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. 19-3461
Carlson, Sergeant; Broome County Jail,
Connors, Correctional Officer; Broome
County Jail,
Defendants-Appellees,
Correctional Medical Care Inc., Medical Staff,
Dr. Boot, CMC,
Defendants. ∗
_____________________________________
∗
The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the caption as above.
FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT: Jerome M. Bell, pro se,
Glenville, WV.
FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES: Jennifer L. Church, Assistant
Broome County Attorney II,
for Robert G. Behnke,
Broome County Attorney,
Binghamton, NY.
Appeal from an order of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New
York (D’Agostino, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND
DECREED that the order of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Appellant Jerome Bell, pro se and incarcerated, appeals from the district court’s October
11, 2019 order denying his motion to reopen his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action. On July 2, 2018, Bell
sued two corrections officers, a doctor, and Correctional Medical Care, Inc. (“CMC”), asserting
claims of excessive force and deliberate indifference to a serious medical need in violation of the
Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. The district court dismissed all claims against the doctor
and CMC on November 15, 2018. On December 7, 2018, the remaining parties filed a stipulation
of discontinuance agreeing to dismiss the action with prejudice. Accordingly, on December 11,
2018, the district court entered a stipulation and order of discontinuance dismissing the action with
prejudice. Seven months later, Bell moved to reopen the action, claiming that he was coerced
into dismissing it and that a non-party jail administrator made false promises to him that caused
him to agree to dismiss the action. The district court construed the motion as requesting relief
from a final order under either Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(3) or (b)(6). The district
court then denied the motion because Bell had not shown by clear and convincing evidence that
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the defendants committed fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct, as necessary to warrant
relief under Rule 60(b)(3), and had not demonstrated extraordinary circumstances warranting relief
under Rule 60(b)(6). Bell timely appealed. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the
underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.
We review a district court’s denial of a motion for relief from a final order under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) for abuse of discretion. Gomez v. City of New York, 805 F.3d 419,
423 (2d Cir. 2015). “An abuse of discretion occurs when a district court bases its ruling on an
erroneous view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence, or renders a
decision that cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions.” Yukos Cap. S.A.R.L.
v. Feldman, 977 F.3d 216, 234 (2d Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks omitted). “The appeal
from the denial of a motion to vacate pursuant to Rule 60(b) brings up for review only the validity
of that denial, not the merits of the underlying [order] itself.” In re Terrorist Attacks on Sept. 11,
2001, 741 F.3d 353, 357 (2d Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted).
The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Bell’s motion to reopen his case,
which he had agreed to dismiss seven months earlier. 1 Bell’s letter requesting that the district
court reopen his case did not specify the legal basis for his request. Instead, he asserted in his
letter that he was coerced into signing the stipulation of discontinuance, and that he signed it based
on false promises that a jail administrator (later identified by the defendants as Major Mark
Smolinsky) made to him. Bell’s request thus falls squarely within Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
60(b)(3), under which a district court may relieve a party from a final order based on “fraud . . . ,
1
See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a) (allowing a plaintiff to dismiss an action by filing a stipulation of
dismissal signed by all parties).
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misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(3). We have held
that “a Rule 60(b)(3) motion cannot be granted absent clear and convincing evidence of material
misrepresentations.” Fleming v. N.Y. Univ., 865 F.2d 478, 484 (2d Cir. 1989).
Here, Bell’s motion did not adequately explain how he was “coerced” into dismissing his
case. He did describe some of the alleged misrepresentations made to him, but he did not present
any evidence that the misrepresentations were made to him by an opposing party. The only
opposing parties in this case at the time it was dismissed were corrections officers Paul Carlson
and Christopher Connors. Bell asserted that Smolinsky made misrepresentations to him that
caused him to agree to dismiss his case, but did not assert that Smolinsky did so as an agent of
defendants Carlson and Connors, nor that the defendants had any knowledge of, or involvement
in, Smolinsky’s alleged misconduct. Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in
concluding that Bell had not shown by clear and convincing evidence that the defendants
committed fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct as necessary to warrant relief under Rule
60(b)(3). 2
2
Because the grounds for relief asserted by Bell are specifically recognized in Rule 60(b)(3), we
need not consider whether relief from the final order was warranted under Rule 60(b)(6), as we “treat a
motion to vacate a prior judgment as having been made under [Rule 60(b)(6)] only if the other, more
specific grounds for relief encompassed by [Rule 60(b)] are inapplicable.” Maduakolam v. Columbia
Univ., 866 F.2d 53, 55 (2d Cir. 1989); see also Metzler Inv. GmbH v. Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc., 970
F.3d 133, 143 (2d Cir. 2020) (stating that Rule 60(b)(6) is “properly invoked only when there are
extraordinary circumstances justifying relief, when the judgment may work an extreme and undue hardship,
and when the asserted grounds for relief are not recognized in clauses (1)–(5) of the Rule” (internal
quotation marks omitted)). In any event, even if we considered Bell’s motion under Rule 60(b)(6) as it
relates to his allegations of misconduct by third parties, Bell has failed to demonstrate “extraordinary
circumstances” warranting relief from a final order.
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* * *
We have considered all of Bell’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit.
Accordingly, we AFFIRM the order of the district court.
FOR THE COURT:
Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court
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Bell v. Carlson
Combined Opinion