Angel T. v. Dcs

NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.

IN THE
ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION ONE

ANGEL T., Appellant,

v.

DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, D.K., E.D., E.M., Appellees.

No. 1 CA-JV 21-0025
FILED 9-9-2021

Appeal from the Superior Court in Apache County
No. S0100JD201900010
The Honorable C. Allen Perkins, Judge Pro Tempore

AFFIRMED

COUNSEL

E.M. Hale Law, Lakeside
By Elizabeth M. Hale
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Mesa
By Lauren J. Lowe
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety
 ANGEL T. v. DCS, et al.
Decision of the Court

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Maria Elena Cruz delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Cynthia J. Bailey and Judge Jennifer M. Perkins joined.

C R U Z, Judge:

¶1 Angel T. (“Mother”) appeals the superior court’s order
terminating her parental relationship to her children D.K., E.D., and E.M.
For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2 Mother is the biological parent to D.K., born November 2012;
E.D., born December 2016; and E.M., born September 2018. Mother has a
long history of substance abuse, and the Department of Child Safety
(“DCS”) has received multiple reports of the family, including D.K. being
unsupervised, Mother often appearing intoxicated, and domestic violence
between Mother and Joey D. (“Father”).1 DCS also received a report that
E.M. was born substance exposed.

¶3 In January 2019, Mother overdosed and required psychiatric
treatment and hospitalization. Around this time, Father was in and out of
prison for drug-related charges. Mother left the children in her cousin’s
care for about six months before they were returned to her. However, a
month later, Mother was arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia.
Mother initially placed the children with maternal grandmother, but
Mother’s cousin soon took custody of the children again because maternal
grandmother was unable to provide the proper care for them. Although
Mother was released from jail after about a week, she did not attempt to
contact her children.

¶4 DCS filed a dependency petition in August 2019, alleging the
children were dependent as to Mother due to substance abuse and neglect.
The children remained with Mother’s cousin. DCS offered Mother the
following services: individual counseling, family counseling, substance

1 Father is the biological parent of E.D. and E.M. Father is not a party
to this appeal. The whereabouts of the biological father of D.K. are
unknown.

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abuse assessment, substance abuse treatment, drug testing, domestic
violence services, parenting skills training, and transportation assistance.
Mother was already receiving outpatient and counseling services through
Little Colorado Behavioral Health (“LCBH”) since her hospitalization in
January 2019.

¶5 Mother completed phone visits with the children up to three
times a week. Supervised visitations were initially scheduled for once a
week for four hours. However, at Mother’s request, visitations were
reduced to once a month. Mother was inconsistent with attending and
scheduling her visitations, and so the referral for supervised visits was
closed out due to lack of contact. Mother unsuccessfully closed out of
parent skills services and parent aide services due to her lack of contact and
refusal to participate.

¶6 Mother’s drug testing services were initiated in August 2019,
but they were soon suspended because Mother failed to call the drug testing
center. Mother attended a thirty-day inpatient drug treatment program in
December 2019; however, by February 2, 2020, Mother was using
methamphetamine. DCS reported that Mother was difficult to get in
contact with, her housing was inconsistent, and she was unemployed.

¶7 In August 2020, DCS moved to terminate Mother’s parental
rights based on chronic substance abuse. Mother’s participation in services
slightly improved, and she began to regularly participate in online
parenting classes. She also completed two supervised visits. DCS
reinitiated drug testing in September 2020, but Mother once again was
suspended for failing to call in. DCS again reinitiated the drug testing in
November 2020, and it wasn’t until a couple weeks before the termination
hearing that Mother started to regularly call in. She submitted one drug
test by the time of the hearing, which was negative. Mother also reported
that she began renting her own residence in September 2020, and she
started a job in mid-October 2020.

¶8 A two-day termination adjudication hearing was held, and
the superior court found Mother’s “efforts to simply be too little, too late,”
and it terminated on the ground of chronic substance abuse. Mother timely
appealed. We have jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes
(“A.R.S.”) sections 8-235(A), 12-120.21(A)(1), and 12-2101(A)(1).

DISCUSSION

¶9 Although the right to custody of one’s children is
fundamental, it is not absolute. Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 196

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Ariz. 246, 248, ¶¶ 11-12 (2000). The superior court may terminate a parent-
child relationship if it finds clear and convincing evidence of at least one
statutory ground for termination under A.R.S. § 8-533(B), and that
termination is in the child’s best interests. Id. “The juvenile court, as the
trier of fact in a termination proceeding, is in the best position to weigh the
evidence, observe the parties, judge the credibility of witnesses, and make
appropriate findings.” Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 203 Ariz. 278, 280,
¶ 4 (App. 2002). This court does not reweigh the evidence and will look
only to determine if there is reasonable evidence to sustain the court’s
ruling. Mary Lou C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 207 Ariz. 43, 47, ¶ 8 (App.
2004).

I. Statutory Ground

¶10 Mother’s parental rights were terminated on the ground of
substance abuse. Under A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(3), the superior court must find
that Mother’s drug abuse is chronic, it hinders her ability to discharge her
parental responsibilities, and it will continue for a prolonged indeterminate
period. Mother argues the court abused its discretion by finding that her
substance use impaired her ability to parent or that her drug use would
continue indeterminately.

A. History of Chronic Drug Abuse

¶11 Mother has a long history of drug abuse that began when she
started smoking marijuana at five years old. Mother began using
methamphetamine at age thirteen and reported that she used heavily
through the age of twenty-one, at which point she gave birth to a child born
exposed to methamphetamine.2 Mother also began drinking alcohol
around age seven or eight, and reported abusing alcohol beginning at the
age of twenty-one.

¶12 Mother claims there is no evidence she has “used drugs in the
recent past,” but the record shows Mother consistently struggled to
maintain sobriety in the years before the termination motion. In 2018,
Mother tested positive for marijuana during her prenatal visits while
pregnant with E.M., and E.M. tested positive for methamphetamine and
marijuana at birth. In January 2019, Mother was hospitalized for an
overdose, and she admitted to using methamphetamines in May 2019. In
July 2019, Mother was arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia and

2 This child is not a part of this appeal and was removed from
Mother’s care during a prior dependency in 2009.

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marijuana, and she again admitted to using methamphetamines in
September 2019. Mother also conceded she used methamphetamines as
recently as February 2020, and DCS received reports in July 2020 that
Mother was seen in the community under the influence of substances.

¶13 During the dependency, Mother failed to prove her sobriety
through drug testing. DCS initiated drug testing services in August 2019,
but Mother’s account was suspended because she failed to participate.
Although drug testing was unavailable for several months due to the
pandemic, Mother failed to take advantage of drug testing services when
they were available. DCS then submitted a request for drug testing services
in September 2020, and Mother was again suspended for failing to
participate. Ultimately, Mother submitted her first drug test less than two
weeks before the termination adjudication hearing. While Mother’s drug
test was negative, she failed to provide any drug tests from August 2019 to
April 2020 and September 2020 to November 2020.

B. Parenting Responsibilities

¶14 The evidence supports the court’s finding that Mother’s
chronic substance abuse prevented her from exercising her parental
responsibilities. When D.K. was five years old, police found him
wandering outside during a rainy night while Mother appeared to be
intoxicated. There were other similar reports to DCS of D.K. being
unsupervised and letting himself into his neighbor’s home while Mother’s
whereabouts were unknown. When Mother was arrested, she initially left
the children in the care of maternal grandmother, who was living in a trailer
with no running water or electricity and did not have the financial means
to care for the children. Additionally, the children had been living with
Mother’s cousin for six months prior to DCS’ involvement, and Mother did
not visit the children or provide any support during that time.

¶15 While Mother argues that she can appropriately parent now
that she has obtained employment and housing, for most of the dependency
Mother’s housing was inconsistent, and Mother had only been working for
several weeks at the time of the termination hearing. DCS also testified that
the condition of Mother’s current housing was not suitable for children, and
there was testimony that Mother had recently resided with a person who
was knowingly hiding someone charged with attempted murder. There is
reasonable evidence that Mother is currently unable to make appropriate
decisions and discharge her parenting responsibilities.

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C. Prolonged Indeterminate Period

¶16 There is also reasonable evidence that Mother’s drug use will
continue for a prolonged indeterminate period. In determining whether a
parent would be able to overcome her substance abuse and “be in a position
to parent the child in the foreseeable future,” the court considers “the
treatment history of the parent.” Raymond F. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 224
Ariz. 373, 378, ¶ 25 (App. 2010) (citation omitted). When the parent has
been unable to “experience sustained sobriety in a noncustodial setting, and
establish the essential support system to maintain sobriety, there is little
hope of success in parenting.” Id. (citation omitted). Mother has completed
multiple treatment programs over the years, but she has failed to stay clean.
Most recently in December 2019, Mother completed a thirty-day inpatient
program, but she admitted to using methamphetamine about a month after
completing the program. Mother “has been unable to rise above [her]
addiction in a non-custodial and unstructured setting,” and “[t]he interests
in permanency for [the children] must prevail over [Mother’s] uncertain
battle with drugs.” Id. at 379, ¶ 29 (internal quotation marks and citation
omitted).

¶17 Given Mother’s long history of struggling with substance
abuse, and her failure to fully participate in services to address these
problems, the superior court did not err in finding that Mother’s chronic
drug abuse negatively affects her parenting abilities and that it will persist
for a prolonged indeterminate period.

II. Reasonable Efforts

¶18 Prior to terminating parental rights, DCS must prove by clear
and convincing evidence that it made a reasonable effort to preserve the
family and provide reunification services. Mary Ellen C. v. Dep’t of Econ.
Sec., 193 Ariz. 185, 192-93, ¶¶ 33, 42 (App. 1999). While DCS is not obligated
“to undertake rehabilitative measures that are futile,” it must “undertake
measures with a reasonable prospect of success.” Id. at 192, ¶ 34.

A. Americans With Disabilities Act

¶19 Mother argues that DCS did not make reasonable efforts to
provide reunification services that comply with the Americans with
Disabilities Act (“ADA”). See 42 U.S.C. § 12101-12213. “The ADA imposes
an affirmative duty on public entities to make ‘reasonable modifications in
policies, practices, or procedures when the modifications are necessary to
avoid discrimination on the basis of disability, unless . . . the modifications
would fundamentally alter the nature of the service’ provided.” Jessica P.

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v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 251 Ariz. 34, 38, ¶ 13 (App. 2021) (quoting 28 C.F.R.
§ 35.130(b)(7)(i)). Mother failed to raise her ADA argument below, so we
will reverse the termination ruling only if she can show that fundamental
error occurred. See id. at 39, ¶ 16. Under fundamental error review, Mother
must prove that (1) error exists, (2) the error is fundamental, and (3) the
error caused her prejudice. Id.

¶20 Mother claims “DCS did not provide a single service designed
to address” Mother’s mental illness. However, Mother’s LCBH records
indicate that she completed a psychiatric diagnostic evaluation, and she
continued mental health services with LCBH throughout the dependency.
While Mother argues these services were not addressed to assist her with
the dependency case, the initial psychiatric evaluator noted Mother
“reports that it is her goal to obtain treatment so as to meet the requirement
of DCS and assure improved stability in her life.” In subsequent progress
notes, Mother reported to her physician what was happening with her
dependency case, and she discussed her children, indicating that these
behavioral health services related to the dependency proceedings. And in
any event, the services were geared towards Mother managing her
medication, coping with and responding to mental health crises, and
becoming more stable in life, all key aspects of reunification.

¶21 Further, multiple court orders indicate that DCS offered
Mother a behavioral health assessment and/or treatment. A team meeting
report from December 2019 noted that Mother was offered individual
counseling and family counseling. Additionally, while Mother contends
DCS did not provide services designed to teach her to parent in light of her
mental health problems, Mother was offered services specific to parenting,
which included parent aide services and parenting skills services. These
services were closed out due to Mother’s lack of participation. DCS is not
required “to provide every conceivable service or to ensure that a parent
participates in each service it offers,” and “[M]other’s failure or refusal to
participate in the programs and services [DCS] offered or recommended
does not foreclose termination of her parental rights.” Maricopa Cnty. Juv.
Action No. JS–501904, 180 Ariz. 348, 353 (App. 1994).

¶22 The record demonstrates that DCS offered appropriate
services that complied with the ADA. Mother has failed to demonstrate
that fundamental error occurred.

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B. Substance Abuse Services

¶23 Mother argues DCS also failed to make reasonable efforts by
failing to provide her with sufficient time to demonstrate sobriety. Mother
contends that because drug testing services were unavailable for several
months due to the pandemic, she should have been given additional time
before DCS moved for termination.

¶24 A DCS specialist testified that it would want to see about four
to six months of sobriety from a parent prior to reunification. Here, Mother
had the opportunity to participate in drug testing from August 2019 to
April 2020, and again from September 2020 to November 2020. This would
have been more than enough time for Mother to prove her sobriety under
DCS’ standards. Additionally, Mother could have taken advantage of other
services while the drug testing was unavailable, like substance abuse
treatment, to demonstrate to DCS she was sober. However, she failed to do
so.

¶25 Mother also alleges DCS failed to assist her with getting a
telephone, and she claims that her failure to participate in drug testing was
due to her inability to call into the drug testing center. There is no evidence
that Mother ever asked DCS to assist her in getting a phone. Additionally,
Mother was participating in phone visits with her children, and she was
using her cell phone to take parenting classes. Presumably, Mother also
had sufficient telephone access to participate in drug testing. Mother also
was observed with a phone during two in-person visits with her children.

¶26 DCS must provide “[M]other with the time and opportunity
to participate in programs designed to help her become an effective
parent.” JS–501904, 180 Ariz. at 353. Here, DCS provided Mother with
sufficient time and opportunities to demonstrate sobriety, and her
“children should not be forced to wait for their parent to grow up.”
Raymond F., 224 Ariz. at 378, ¶ 25 (citation omitted). We find no error.

III. Written Findings of Fact

¶27 Finally, Mother argues that the court failed to make specific
findings of fact as required by A.R.S. § 8-538(A) and Arizona Rule of
Procedure for the Juvenile Court (“Rule”) 66(F)(2)(a).

¶28 Section 8-538(A) states that the court’s termination order
“shall be in writing and shall recite the findings on which the order is based,
including findings pertaining to placement of the child and the court’s
jurisdiction.” Rule 66 requires that “[a]ll findings and orders shall be in the

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form of a signed order or set forth in a signed minute entry,” Rule 66(F),
and it further requires that the court “[m]ake specific findings of fact in
support of the termination of parental rights.” Rule 66(F)(2)(a).

¶29 Mother argues the court’s under advisement ruling does not
include sufficient facts. However, this ruling was not the final order. The
superior court later issued its final order, wherein it adopted DCS’
proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. See Elliott v. Elliott, 165
Ariz. 128, 134 (App. 1990) (the court “may adopt proposed findings that the
parties submit, but only if those findings are consistent with the ones that
it reaches independently after properly considering the facts”). This order
satisfies the statutory and rule requirements, and it includes findings
related to placement, jurisdiction, and Mother’s chronic substance abuse.
We find no error.

CONCLUSION

¶30 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.

AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
FILED: AA

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