United States v. Marvin Lyons

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
APR 7, 2006
No. 05-15008 THOMAS K. KAHN
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________

D. C. Docket No. 05-60020-CR-WJZ

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

MARVIN LYONS,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
_________________________

(April 7, 2006)

Before DUBINA, BLACK and BARKETT, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Appellant Marvin Lyons appeals his sentence imposed following a guilty
plea to one count of armed bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) and

(d) and one count of use of a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence

in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(iii). On appeal, Lyons argues that the

district court clearly erred in applying a two-level enhancement for an

organizational/leadership role pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1(c). Lyons claims that

the facts presented in the record indicate that his conduct and that of his

codefendants was unorganized and unrehearsed. Because he was acting equally to

and in concert with his codefendants, and his contributions to the offense were

minimal, Lyons argues that a two-level aggravating-role enhancement is improper.

Lyons also argues that the sentence imposed by the district court is

unreasonable and greater than necessary to achieve the goals of punishment in 18

U.S.C. § 3553(a), claiming further that the district court engaged in improper

double counting by unfairly relying on evidence that Lyons was the only person to

use a firearm in the commission of the offense.

We have consistently held that the two-level enhancement for the

defendant’s role “as a leader or organizer under U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1 is a finding of

fact reviewed only for clear error.” United States v. Phillips, 287 F.3d 1053, 1055

(11th Cir. 2002). In determining the defendant’s role, the decision falls within the

sound discretion of the district court: “a trial court’s choice between ‘two

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permissible views of the evidence’ is the very essence of the clear error standard of

review.” United States v. De Varon, 175 F.3d 930, 945 (11th Cir. 1999) (en banc).

The Sentencing Guidelines provide for an increase in the offense level based

on the defendant’s role in the offense. U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1. A two-level increase is

applied if the defendant “was an organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor” in an

offense with more than one participant. U.S.S.G. §3B1.1(c). In determining the

nature of the defendant’s role in the offense, the district court should consider “the

exercise of decision making authority, the nature of participation in the

commission of the offense, the recruitment of accomplices, the claimed right to a

larger share of the fruits of the crime, the degree of participation in planning or

organizing the offense, the nature and scope of the illegal activity, and the degree

of control and authority exercised over others.” U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1, comment.

(n.4).

The undisputed facts in the record indicate that Lyons recruited his

codefendants, selected the banks to be robbed, and made arrangements for a

getaway car. He also supplied his codefendants with bags to carry money out of

the bank and he provided one codefendant with clothes to wear during the offense.

We have held that “the assertion of control or influence over only one individual is

enough to support a § 3B1.1(c) enhancement." United States v. Jiminez, 224 F.3d

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1243, 1251 (11th Cir. 2000). Given the evidence in the record indicating that

Lyons recruited his codefendants and provided the materials used to carry out the

offense, we cannot say that it was clear error for the district court to conclude that

Lyons played an organizational role in the offense and exercised leadership over

the participants therein. Accordingly, Lyons’s argument fails.

Furthermore, Lyons’s argument that his sentence is unreasonable also fails.

The district court must properly consult the guidelines when determining the

defendant’s sentence. United States v, Crawford, 407 F.3d 1174, 1178 (11th Cir.

2005). While each calculation is not reviewed for reasonableness, the final

sentence is reviewed for reasonableness using the sentencing factors set forth in 18

U.S.C. § 3553(a). United States v.Winingear, 422 F.3d 1241, 1245 (11th Cir.

2005). “These factors include the available sentences, the applicable Guideline

range, the nature and circumstances of the offense, and the need for the sentence to

reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for the law, provide just

punishment for the offense, and provide the defendant with needed medical care.”

Id. (citing 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)).

As the record shows, the district court correctly consulted the sentencing

range and there is no misapplication. A correctly calculated range is not per se

reasonable. United States v. Talley, 431 F.3d 784, 786-87 (11th Cir. 2005).

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However, Lyons has the burden to show that the ultimate sentence is unreasonable.

Id. at 788. He argues that the sentence does not meet the goals of § 3553(a), but

does not make specific arguments except to argue that double-counting has

occurred.

We have held that where “two enhancements embody conceptually separate

notions relating to sentencing because they are designed for two different

purposes,” it is not double-counting to apply them cumulatively. United States v.

Ramirez, 426 F.3d 1344, 1356 (11th Cir. 2005); United States v. Rendon, 354 F.3d

1320, 1334 (11th Cir. 2003). Lyons claimed that the 10-year mandatory minimum

sentence he received for violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(iii) was satisfactory

punishment for his use of a firearm during the offense and argued that it was unfair

to consider his use of a firearm as a factor in determining his role in the offense.

As previously discussed, the district court did not clearly err in applying a two-

level role enhancement after considering the evidence in the record and the factors

enumerated in U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1. This role enhancement under the advisory

guidelines is separate and distinct from the statutory penalty provided for under 18

U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(iii). Thus, Lyons cannot argue this ground to assert that the

sentence is unreasonable and greater than necessary to achieve the goals of

punishment in § 3553(a), including the available sentences and the need for the

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punishment to reflect the seriousness of the offense. Accordingly, we conclude

from the record that the district court did not clearly err in applying a two-level

role enhancement for Lyons’s role as an organizer/leader, and moreover the final

sentence is reasonable. For the above-stated reasons, we affirm Lyons’s sentence.

AFFIRMED.