The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Parkis J..The parties in this case were jointly interested hr building a brig, and the plaintiff, having advanced beyond his proportion, brings his action of assumpsit for contribution.
The defendant resists on the ground that in the transaction out of which the demand arose they were partners, and that, inasmuch as prior to the bringing of the action there had been no liquidation of their accounts, nor any balance ascertained, nor any express promise to pay such balance as might be found due, as-sumpsit cannot be maintained.
Such no doubt is the law where the claim arises out of partnership transactions, and in relation to partnership concerns; — as whore two persons engage in business under a contract to share in the profit and loss arising from such connexion, assumpsit will not lie in favor of one partner against the other on an implied promise, except for a liquidated balance either struck by the parties, or the result of a final adjustment of the partnership concerns. But notwithstanding their association as partners, they may, in their private and individual character, contract with each other in relation to concerns not the subject matter of the partnership, *60in the same manner as if such partnership had never existed. In the case at bar, if there were any partnership, it was confined exclusively to the brig. She was to form the common stock or capital, to constitute which, both parties were to contribute a certain proportion. What that proportion was, it is immaterial to inquire, as the case finds that the plaintiff did in fact advance more than his proportion. If then we view it as a partnership it is a case of two persons agreeing to furnish a common stock, and on the failure of one to advance hjs share, the deficiency is on his ac-. count supplied by the other. It is not a question concerning the division of the stock, or the profits arising from the operations of the company, and consequently the principles of law relating to the division of partnership effects, and the rights of partners inter se, do not apply. No liquidation could be necessary. Whether the concern in which they were engaged should be á profitable or a losing business would be a fact in no way affecting tire plaintiff’s, rights. The profit or the loss could not be ascertained until the capital had been supplied. That, by mutual agreement, was to be furnished in proportion to the parties’ interest when the vessel should be completed, and whenever one party failed to supply his proportion of the capital necessary to the carrying forward of the work, the, other must necessarily furnish it or the whole would be suspended. The amount, thus supplied, would be certain, depending on no-contingency arising in the prosecution of the business, or the employment or sale of the vessel, and, of course, the . plaintiff’s right to remuneration would be immediate, not liable to be postponed to the completion of the vessel, or to be defeated by any casualty. Suppose she had been accidentally destroyed by fire, so that the whole expenditure was a total loss. Could the defendant avoid refunding his proportion of the amount expended ? If a copartnership be by deed and the partners covenant each to advance a stipulated sum, as capital, for the purpose of launching the partnership, an action to enforce payment will lie by one partner against the other who fails to make the advance, and the sum agreed upon will be the measure of' damages. Venning v. Leckie, 13 East, 7; Gow on Part. 106, Am. ed. But when the contract of partnership is verbal, as it may be, or by writing not under seal, it cannot be enforced by action of cove? *61nant. In such cases, the remedy can be only in assumpsit, and it is advanced as an indisputable proposition by Gow in his treatise on the law of partnership, that in whatever instances an action of covenant is maintainable for the breach of a covenant comprised in a deed of copartnership, in the same instances an action of assumpsit can be sustained if the partnership, instead of being constituted by deed, were contracted verbally or by writing only; and he gives an illustration of the principle by stating a case somewhat similar to the one before us. If two persons agree in writing to share the profit or loss upon goods bought by one of them on their joint account, an action of assumpsit may be maintained, founded on the agreement, by the one against the other for the payment of his proportion of the original purchase,' — 'because until that is paid there cannot be any account of profit and loss between them. It is further said by Gow, that in an action of assumpsit for money paid to the use of his copartner, one partner may enforce contribution from him in a case in which he has solely discharged a demand to which himself and his copartners were jointly liable. Now, whether the plaintiff and defendant were interested in the brig as copartners or tenants in common, is immaterial to the decision of this case. In either view, the advances by the plaintiff beyond his proportion, as determined by the agreement of the parties, were made for the use and benefit of the defendant, and the law raises the promise of payment.
There must he judgment on the verdict.