The opinion of the Court was prepared by
TeNNey J.By the statute of March 29, 1841, c. 139, the act incorporating the Frankfort Bank was repealed, and *320provision made for the appointment of receivers, who were required, when qualified to act, to demand and receive of the officers of the Bank the property to the same belonging. On the 16th of April, 1841, an additional act was passed requiring all creditors, in order to entitle themselves to a distributive share of- the assets, and to prevent their claims from being barred, to exhibit and prove them to the receivers on or before the first day of July, 1842.
This action was commenced and, an attachment of property made previous to the repeal of the charter of the Bank; and it is insisted that thereby a right became vested in the plaintiffs to proceed with the suit under the laws, which were in force at the time of its commencement, and that the same cannot constitutionally be affected injuriously by any act of the legislature. But if the repeal was not in contravention of the constitution, it is contended that the plaintiffs have substantially complied with the statute of the 16th of April by causing a copy of the writ to be served on the receivers on the 17th of June, 1841, a time long before that, when the claim was to have been barred, if the same had not been exhibited and proved to the receivers.
By the act of 1831, c. 519, entitled “ an act to regulate Banks and Banking,” <§> 32, the legislature reserve to themselves, in cases therein named, after certain proceedings, the right to declare charters of Banks forfeit and void. The Frankfort Bank, incorporated after the enactment of this statute, was subject to its provisions, which were a part of its charter. It is not contended that the Bank had not exposed itself, so that its charter was properly revoked, or that all the necessary steps were not taken by the legislature agreeably to the general statute of 1831, previous to the repealing act; and in default of evidence to the contrary, it must be so presumed. Neither is it contended, that the Bank did not submit to the provisions of the repealing statute, acknowledged the authority of the receivers, and surrendered to them its books and its property.
After this, the creditors of the Bank cannot object to the constitutionality of the Act, dissolving the corporation, when *321it was done for causes, which by the charter were sufficient for the purpose, and when the repeal was conclusive upon the Bank. Indeed, it is not seen how any objection can be made by those, who had no other connexion therewith, than that of being its creditors. Whoever entered into contracts with it, exposed himself to losses which might arise from its dissolution, as he would with natural persons, by their death. No security was provided in the charter, or other statute, against such an exposure to injury.
The Bank having ceased to exist, excepting so far that the receivers could prosecute any suit pending in its name; and could use the name of the Bank in any suit, which might be necessary to enable them to collect any of the debts due to the Bank, there is no party whom the plaintiff can prosecute j or take judgment or execution against, unless it be in a court | of equity. The Bank as such have no longer the power to sue or to be sued ; the receivers alone are the successors of the corporation, and they take all the property for the purposes specified in the act of repeal, and for those purposes only.. Their appointment and the power given to them in no wise ( infringe the previously existing rights of the plaintiffs. It is f by and through them, that the property is to be made available I in the payment of the debts against the Bank. If the receiv-l ers had not been appointed, the plaintiffs could have no better | prosecuted their suit, than they are now able to do. The repeal of the charter has presented the obstacle to their further proceedings, by dissolving the party against whom they had Í commenced them.
The obligation of the contract between the plaintiffs and ¡ the Bank was not impaired by the repeal of its charter, but j the mode of obtaining indemnity for its violation was changed. [ The bank was created by the legislature, and by the charter, there was no provision made for the prosecution of suits against it, if that charter should be declared by the same power forfeit and void; but a mode has been provided in the repealing act, by which creditors are enabled to obtain satisfaction for their claims, to the extent of the means existing therefor. A *322remedy for a party may be changed or wholly taken away by \ the legislature without contravening the constitution of the United States. Thayer v. Seavey, 2 Fairf. 284; Oriental Sank v. Freese, 18 Maine R. 109. And such a change may " constitutionally affect suits pending at the time, when it is made.
Have the plaintiffs saved themselves from the operation of the limitation contained i.n the act of April 16,1841? We are satisfied, that they have not; though we do not perceive how a decision of that question can influence this case. For if we have taken the correct view of the effect of the act of repeal, this action can be no farther prosecuted, in any court. The claim of the plaintiffs in this case is upon two notes of hand indorsed by the Bank. The writ was the legal process ,to obtain a judgment upon this claim. In order to bring the ’affairs of the Bank to a close within the time prescribed, the receivers were to be made satisfied of the existence of the demands and the legal title of the claimants to payment. The writ.could not tend in the least to do either, and the service of ^ the same by a copy, was not such an act as to take the case , from the effect of the limitation.
Nonsuit confirmed.