Filed 10/18/21 P. v. Gates CA4/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D077631
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v. (Super. Ct. No. SCD274056)
WILLIAM CHARLES GATES,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County,
Melinda J. Lasater, Judge. Remanded with directions.
Charles R. Khoury, Jr., under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
Defendant and Appellant.
Rob Bonta, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Michael
Pulos, and Nora S. Weyl, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and
Respondent.
Following a bench trial, William Charles Gates was convicted of assault
by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury (Pen. Code,1 § 245,
subd. (a)(4)), battery with serious physical injury (§ 243, subd. (d)), and
battery by gassing (§ 243, subd. (9)(a)). The court also found true that Gates
personally inflicted great bodily injury (§§ 1192.7, subd. (c)(8) and 12022.7,
subd. (a)); was ineligible for parole (§ 1203, subd. (e)(4)); had served two prior
prison terms (§ 667.5, subd. (b)); had a serious felony prior (§ 667,
subd. (a)(1)); and had a strike prior (§§ 667, subds. (b)-(i), 1170.12, 668). The
court sentenced Gates to 17 years in prison. Gates successfully appealed, and
at a resentencing hearing from which Gates was absent, the court sentenced
him to 16 years in state prison and imposed the minimum amounts for the
restitution fine and for fees and assessments.
Gates appeals the superior court’s resentencing, contending (1) he was
prejudiced by his improper exclusion from the resentencing hearing; (2) the
court failed to recalculate custody credits, and (3) the court improperly
imposed the fines, fees, and assessments. The Attorney General challenges
Gates’s first and third contentions but concedes the court should have
recalculated the custody credits. The Attorney General also contends that
the abstract of judgment must be modified to reflect amendments to
section 667.5, subdivision (b), eliminating the one-year prior prison term
enhancements.
We will remand the matter for resentencing so the court can
recalculate custody credits and strike the one-year prior prison term
enhancements from the abstract of judgment. Because we are remanding the
matter for resentencing, Gates will have the opportunity to make additional
1 Further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise
specified.
2
arguments regarding the length of his sentence and challenging the fees and
assessments based on his claim of inability to pay.
I.
BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL FACTS
We include the underlying facts of the offenses to provide context for
the resentencing court’s conclusions.
On October 4, 2017, Andrew B. was in line for dinner at the St. Vincent
De Paul homeless shelter in San Diego when Gates sucker punched him in
the face. Andrew momentarily lost consciousness as a result of the upper cut
to his face. He suffered two black eyes and whiplash, became dizzy and bled
profusely.
Andrew identified Gates as the assailant.
Two security officers witnessed the incident. Joshua Presley saw Gates
run at Andrew before striking. Presley recognized Gates, who had been a
resident for about five months and did not have privileges to eat dinner there
that day. Normally Gates was well mannered, but that day Gates seemed to
be under the influence. After he struck Andrew, Gates delivered a
roundhouse kick, during which time Presley grabbed Gate’s leg to take him to
the ground.
After Gates was cleared by medical personnel and transported to jail,
he spat in the face of Corporal John G. while being fingerprinted, and police
placed a spit rag on him to prevent further spitting.
On May 7, 2018, Gates appeared before Judge Polly Shamoon. The
court reviewed with Gates his motion to represent himself. Before granting
the motion, the court told Gates that the People had agreed to a probation
sentence. After the court explained that Gates could accept the offer of
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probation instead of taking the case to trial, Gates said he would not plead
guilty to a felony.
Following a bench trial before Judge Melinda Lasater, Gates was
convicted of assault by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury
(count 1; § 245, subd. (a)(4)), battery with serious physical injury (count 2;
§ 243, subd. (d)), and battery by gassing (count 3; § 243, subd. (9)(a)). The
court also found true that Gates personally inflicted great bodily injury
(counts 1 and 2; §§ 1192.7, subd. (c)(8) and 12022.7, subd. (a)); was ineligible
for parole (§ 1203, subd. (e)(4)); had served two prior prison terms (§ 667.5,
subd. (b)); had a serious felony prior (§ 667, subd. (a)(1)); and had a strike
prior (§§ 667, subds. (b)-(i), 1170.12, 668).
Gates asked the court to strike the prior strikes. The court recounted
Gates’s criminal history in some detail. It noted the frequency of his
convictions, his numerous unsuccessful attempts at probation and parole, and
his history of crimes of violence. The court told Gates there was “no way” it
would strike the strike prior given his history and because he had previously
benefited from a court doing so. It concluded there were no mitigating factors
and adopted the probation officer’s circumstances in aggravation.
The court sentenced Gates to 17 years: six years for count 1 (midterm
doubled for the strike), three years consecutive for the personal infliction of
great bodily injury enhancement on count 1, two years on count 3 (one-third
the midterm doubled), five years for the serious felony prior enhancement,
and one year for the prison prior enhancement. The court stayed the
sentence for count two and the accompanying enhancement pursuant to
section 654.
Gates appealed the judgment, and in a nonpublished opinion, we
remanded the matter with directions to permit Gates to bring a motion to
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strike the serious felony prior. (People v. Gates (June 18, 2019, D074792
[nonpub. opn.].)
Gates subsequently filed a motion to strike his serious felony prior and
prison priors. The parties appeared by video conference for resentencing.
The court asked defense counsel if she had conveyed to Gates that he could
appear by video. She said she had not, but that he told her to proceed
without him. When the court asked if defense counsel was comfortable that
she had “valid 977 authority,” defense counsel replied that Gates was
“perfectly fine with [her] doing the hearing without him.” No written waiver
is in the record.
The court reread the probation officers’ reports, reviewed the transcript
from the original sentencing hearing, and considered the parties’ briefing and
arguments.
The court told the parties it believed Gates “took the stand and just
lied,” and it was concerned about his level of risk. It did not believe imposing
the upper term and striking the five-year serious felony prior was the
appropriate approach. The court explained: “I do recognize that the serious
felony prior and the strike prior are the same conviction, . . . ; but in this
particular case, I am not going to strike it.”
The court imposed a restitution fine of $300, commenting that Gates
“does have funds that he will earn in state prison.” It also issued the
minimum amounts for fees and assessments, explaining it would have its
clerk verify the amounts and then notify the parties if changes were
necessary.
Ultimately, the court struck the punishment for the two prison priors
but declined to strike the serious felony prior and resentenced Gates to
16 years in state prison. The court reserved jurisdiction for victim
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restitution. It awarded custody credits back to the original date but stated
that the California Department of Corrections was in a better position to
compute them.
Gates timely appealed.
II.
DISCUSSION
A. Resentencing in Defendants’ Absence
A defendant’s constitutional rights are not violated when he is
knowingly absent from resentencing. (See People v. Fedalizo (2016) 246
Cal.App.4th 98, 110 [court may rely on counsel’s representation that
defendant is knowingly absent].) However, section 977 establishes a
statutory right in felony cases to be present at resentencing, which a
defendant can waive via “a written waiver of his or her right to be personally
present[.]” (§ 977, subd. (b)(2).)
The parties agree that Gates was entitled to be present at the
resentencing hearing. (§§ 977, subd. (b)(1) and 1043; Kentucky v. Stincer
(1987) 482 U.S. 730, 745 [due process right to be present if presence would
contribute to fairness of procedure]; People v. Cutting (2019) 42 Cal.App.5th
344, 348 (Cutting).) The court erred by proceeding in the defendant’s absence
without a written waiver. (People v. Garrison (1989) 47 Cal.3d 746, 782
(Garrison).)
We review such errors for prejudice under the standard outlined in
Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 23, to determine if the error was
harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. (Cutting, supra, 42 Cal.App.5th at
p. 348.) The failure to obtain the waiver in writing is harmless when the
defendant’s presence “does not bear a ‘reasonably substantial relation to the
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fullness of his opportunity to defend against the charge.’ [Citations.]”
(Garrison, supra, 47 Cal.3d at p. 782.)
Gates argues that had he been present, he could have reminded the
trial judge that the prosecution initially offered him probation. Gates
contends the offer “would have tended to prove that the prosecution
opposition to striking the strike prior was of little substance if the
prosecution was willing to stipulate to a probationary sentence if [he] gave up
his right to trial.”
We note that the department that sentenced Gates was not the same
one that presided over the hearing at which there was a discussion about the
offer of probation in lieu of trial. While we recognize that the court believed
Gates posed a high level of risk to others and believed that imposing the
upper term and striking the five-year serious felony prior was not the
appropriate approach, we decline to speculate as to whether the information
about the previous probation offer would have persuaded the court to
sentence Gates differently. Accordingly, we will remand the matter for
resentencing.
B. Recalculation of Time Served
“[W]hen a prison term already in progress is modified as the result of
an appellate sentence remand, the sentencing court must recalculate and
credit against the modified sentence all actual time the defendant has
already served, whether in jail or prison, and whether before or since he was
originally committed and delivered to prison custody.” (People v. Buckhalter
(2001) 26 Cal.4th 20, 29.)
At the resentencing hearing, the trial court told the parties it would
leave the calculation of custody credits to the discretion of the California
Department of Corrections. However, the amended abstract of judgment and
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minute order state the same number of days as the original abstract of
judgment, indicating no recalculation occurred.
The parties agree that remand is required so that the superior court
can recalculate credits against any modified sentence to ensure Gates
receives credit for all the time he has actually already served.
C. Fines, Fees, and Assessments
Gates argues the court improperly sentenced him to pay a restitution
fine of $300 (§ 1202.4, subd. (b)), a court operations assessment of $120
(§ 1465.8), a criminal conviction assessment of $90 (Gov. Code, § 70373), and
a criminal justice administration fee of $1542 (former Gov. Code, § 29550).
He seeks a stay of the fines and fees pending the Supreme Court decision in
People v. Kopp (2019) 38 Cal.App.5th 47, 95-97 (Kopp), review granted,
November 13, 2019, S257844.
A court may consider the defendant’s inability to pay when it imposes a
restitution fine greater than the $300 minimum, but a separate hearing on
ability to pay is not required when the fine does not exceed the minimum.
(§ 1202.4, subds. (c) & (d).) Here the trial court was not required to hold a
separate hearing on ability to pay to assess the restitution fine because it
imposed only the minimum. Nonetheless, it considered Gates’s ability to pay,
commenting that Gates “does have funds that he will earn in state prison.”
The court did not err in imposing the restitution fine.
We held in Kopp that a defendant has a due process right to challenge
the nonpunitive fees and assessments for inability to pay, and the trial court
can impose, reduce, or strike those amounts if appropriate. (See Kopp, supra,
38 Cal.App.5th at p. 96, review granted.) The defendant bears the burden of
2 The criminal justice fee imposed under former Government Code
section 29550 is no longer enforceable or collectible. (See Gov. Code, § 6111,
subd. (a).)
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establishing inability to pay. (Ibid.) Here, the court implied its intention was
to impose only mandatory minimum amounts with respect to the
assessments and fees, and Gates did not challenge the fees and assessments
the court imposed. Because the $154 criminal justice administration fee
imposed under former Government Code section 29550 is no longer
enforceable or collectible (See Gov. Code, § 6111, subd. (a)), any unpaid
portion of it must be stricken. However, to the extent that Gates wishes to
argue he lacks the ability to pay the other nonpunitive fees and assessments,
he will have the opportunity to do so on remand.
D. Prison Prior Enhancements
As the Attorney General notes in the respondent’s brief, Senate Bill
No. 136 (2019-2020 Reg. Sess.) amended section 667.5, subdivision (b) to
eliminate one-year prior prison term enhancements other than when the
term was served for a qualifying sexually violent offense. (See People v.
Jennings (2019) 42 Cal.App.5th 664, 667, 682.)
The minute order for the resentencing hearing states that the trial
court struck the prison prior enhancements pursuant to Senate Bill No. 136
(2019-2020 Reg. Sess.). However, the amended abstract of judgment still
lists the enhancements and indicates that the punishments for the
enhancements were struck. The abstract of judgment must be modified to
reflect the change in law.
DISPOSITION
The sentence is vacated, and the matter remanded for a new sentencing
hearing consistent with this opinion. The superior court is directed to award
Gates the proper amount of presentence custody credits, to strike the one-
year prior prison term enhancements under section 667.5, subdivision (b),
and to strike any portion of the $154 criminal justice administration fee
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imposed under former Government Code section 29550 unpaid as of July 1,
2021. The court is further directed to forward an amended abstract to the
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. In all other respects, the
judgment is affirmed.
HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.
WE CONCUR:
HALLER, J.
O'ROURKE, J.
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