In re B.H.

[Cite as In re B.H., 2021-Ohio-4152.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )

IN RE: B.H. C.A. Nos. 29998
J.H. 29999

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
CASE Nos. DN 19 07 0615
DN 19 07 0617

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: November 24, 2021

SUTTON, Judge.

{¶1} Appellant Mother appeals the judgment of the Summit County Court of Common

Pleas, Juvenile Division, that terminated her parental rights and awarded permanent custody of

her children to Summit County Children Services Board (“CSB” or “the agency”). This Court

affirms.

I.

{¶2} Mother and Father are the biological parents of B.H. (d.o.b. 4/11/09) and J.H.

(d.o.b. 2/2/14). They have another child together who is in the care of a third party and who is

not involved in this case. During the course of the proceedings below, Mother gave birth to an

infant who is the subject of another child welfare case. Father also has multiple other children,

including C.H. who is the subject of a separate appeal and who was living in the same household

with B.H. and J.H. when the three children were removed by CSB in this case.
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{¶3} Although the record is imprecise as to timing and circumstances, there is no

dispute that B.H., J.H., and their half-brother C.H. had been formally placed in the legal custody

of their paternal grandmother (“Grandmother”) prior to CSB’s involvement in this case. In June

2019, the agency received a referral regarding the well-being of the children in Grandmother’s

home, where Father and the mother of C.H. had also been living. When the agency caseworker

visited the home to investigate, Father and C.H.’s mother had moved out because Grandmother

had obtained a protection order against them.

{¶4} During her investigation, the intake caseworker discovered the following. Father

and C.H’s mother had been using methamphetamine in Grandmother’s home and engaging in

acts of domestic violence against her. Father had multiple pending warrants for his arrest

relating to drug charges in three cases. Mother was in jail on drug charges. Grandmother’s

home was cluttered, the children were dirty, and Grandmother admitted to feeling overwhelmed

by caring for three children with special needs. B.H. had leukemia, and although he was in

remission, he still required multiple visits with health care professionals to monitor his situation.

C.H.’s services with Summit DD to address his issues and development due to Down Syndrome

had been discontinued by that agency based on Grandmother’s failure to ensure that child’s

participation. Grandmother admitted that she too was using methamphetamine just to be able to

get things done around the house. Based on the conditions in the legal custodian’s home, on July

23, 2019, CSB removed the children and filed complaints alleging that each was an abused

(endangered), neglected, and dependent child.

{¶5} As Mother had been released from jail the day before, the agency attempted to

serve her personally with summons, the complaint, and notice of the adjudicatory hearing at her
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last known address. When that was unsuccessful because Mother was no longer at that address

and her current residence was unknown, the agency served her by publication.

{¶6} CSB filed its original case plan in early August 2019. The caseworker had

scheduled a meeting with Mother prior to that, but Mother canceled it. During their

conversation, Mother explained that she was alternating her time between two residences in

Akron, with plans to move in with an aunt in Norwalk, although she did not provide the

caseworker with any address where they could meet. Therefore, the caseworker was unable to

discuss concerns or specific case plan objectives with Mother. The case plan goal was

reunification with the legal custodian (Grandmother) or with the children’s parents. Mother’s

initial case plan objective was for her to contact the caseworker if she wished to be considered

for visitation or custody and to cooperate with the agency and participate in services necessary to

address any identified concerns.

{¶7} Mother and Father did not appear for adjudication. Grandmother stipulated to the

allegations in the complaint, and the agency presented evidence to establish its claims in the

parents’ absence and lack of stipulation. The magistrate found that B.H. and J.H. were abused

(endangered), neglected, and dependent children, and that CSB had used reasonable efforts to

prevent the children’s continued removal from their home.

{¶8} Mother and Father failed to appear at the dispositional hearing. Again,

Grandmother waived her hearing rights, and the agency presented evidence in the parents’

absence. The magistrate placed the children in the temporary custody of CSB, adopted the

agency’s case plan as an order, found that CSB had used reasonable efforts to prevent the

children’s continued removal from their home, granted Grandmother two-hour weekly

supervised visitation, and ordered that Mother and Father should request an order of visitation
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from the court should they so desire. No party filed objections to the magistrate’s decision, and

the juvenile court adopted the decision.

{¶9} Neither parent attended the first review hearing. Father had been incarcerated on

drug charges. Mother was in IBH Addiction Recovery and had notified the caseworker that she

was not interested in reunification. The magistrate found that CSB had used reasonable efforts to

prevent the children’s continued removal from their home. A couple months later, the agency

filed an amended case plan adding a requirement for Grandmother to participate in the children’s

counseling sessions and follow all recommendations. Mother’s sole objective was not modified.

She did not file objections to the amended case plan.

{¶10} Mother and Father did not appear at the next two review hearings. After each, the

magistrate noted that Mother had not contacted the caseworker or sought any involvement with

the children. The magistrate again found that CSB had continued to use reasonable efforts to

facilitate reunification. Mother did not move to set aside any of the magistrate’s orders.

{¶11} On June 18, 2020, CSB filed a motion for permanent custody of B.H. and J.H.

The agency alleged that the children could not or should not be returned to either parent based on

their failures to remedy the conditions underlying the children’s removal. CSB further alleged

that permanent custody was in the children’s best interest. Thereafter, the magistrate issued a

decision after a sunset hearing in July 2020, and found that the agency had used reasonable

efforts to finalize a permanency plan for the children, including, but not limited to, providing

ongoing case management and attempting to contact Mother. Mother did not file objections to

the magistrate’s decision.

{¶12} The mother of C.H. made her first appearance in the case at the sunset hearing

and requested that the agency add case plan objectives for her. CSB filed a second amended case
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plan that added a substance abuse objective for C.H.’s mother. All other case plan objectives,

including Mother’s requirement to contact the agency if she wished to become involved in the

case, remained the same.

{¶13} Grandmother filed a motion for legal custody of C.H., B.H., and J.H., but

withdrew that motion nine days later. No other party filed a dispositional motion prior to the

commencement of the permanent custody hearing.

{¶14} The permanent custody hearing began on November 19, 2020. Mother was not

initially present. The agency presented the testimony of three medical and/or social work

professionals from Akron Children’s Hospital regarding the care and condition of B.H. who had

relapsed into leukemia. The CSB caseworker then began to testify, but the juvenile court

stopped the proceedings when Mother suddenly joined the hearing. As she had never attended

any previous hearings and was not represented by counsel, the juvenile court inquired as to her

intentions. Because Mother wished to participate in the proceedings and requested counsel, the

juvenile court asserted that it would appoint the same attorney who was representing her in

another case involving her newborn. The juvenile court then recessed the proceedings until

March 3, 2021, to give counsel for Mother time to review the recording of that day’s hearing and

prepare for further proceedings.

{¶15} Mother filed several dispositional motions prior to the second day of the

permanent custody hearing. She moved for a six-month extension of temporary custody;

alternatively, legal custody of all three children including C.H; or, alternatively, legal custody of

the three children to her mother, the maternal grandmother of B.H. and J.H.

{¶16} CSB again amended the case plan, this time to add particularized objectives for

Mother upon her request. Mother was required to obtain a chemical dependency assessment,
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follow all recommendations, and submit to random drug screens; obtain a mental health

diagnostic assessment and follow all recommendations; and obtain a source of income and

demonstrate that she could meet the basic needs of the children, including maintaining a safe

home. Mother was permitted to have supervised visits with the children. The case plan noted

that Mother agreed with the plan, having jointly developed her objectives with the caseworker.

At all times prior to the award of permanent custody, the case plan goal remained reunification

of the children with Grandmother or the parents. The goal was not modified to seek adoption

until after the juvenile court terminated the parents’ parental rights.

{¶17} At the beginning of the second day of the hearing, Grandmother informed the

juvenile court that she wished to relinquish any custodial rights she had as to the children. After

engaging in colloquy with Grandmother to ensure that she understood the rights she was

waiving, the juvenile court accepted Grandmother’s relinquishment and excused her from further

proceedings. The permanent custody hearing continued for two additional days. Mother

presented a case in chief.

{¶18} At the conclusion of the permanent custody hearing, the juvenile court issued a

judgment terminating Mother’s and Father’s parental rights and placing B.H. and J.H. in the

permanent custody of CSB. The juvenile court found that the children could not or should not be

returned to either parent’s custody based on their failures to remedy the conditions that gave rise

to the children’s removal. The trial court found that an award of permanent custody was in the

best interest of B.H. and J.H., while all other requested dispositions were not. The juvenile court

further found that CSB had used reasonable efforts to prevent the children’s continued removal

from their home.
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{¶19} Mother filed a timely notice of appeal. She raises one assignment of error for

review.

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE AND PLAIN ERROR
WHEN IT TERMINATED MOTHER’S PARENTAL RIGHTS AND PLACED
THE CHILDREN IN THE PERMANENT CUSTODY OF CSB WHEN THE
AGENCY DID NOT PROVIDE REASONABLE REUNIFICATION EFFORTS.

{¶20} Mother argues that the juvenile court erred by awarding permanent custody of the

children to CSB because the agency failed to make reasonable reunification efforts. This Court

disagrees.

{¶21} R.C. 2151.419(A)(1) requires the juvenile court to determine whether the agency

has used reasonable reunification efforts at any hearing at which the court removes a child from

his home or continues the child’s removal from his home. It is well settled that “the statute

imposes no requirement for such a determination at the time of the permanent custody hearing

unless the agency has not established that reasonable efforts have been made prior to that

hearing.” (Internal quotations omitted.) In re L.R., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 29266 and 29271,

2019-Ohio-2305, ¶ 14, quoting In re A.C.-B., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 28330 and 28349, 2017-

Ohio-374, ¶ 22; see also In re C.F., 113 Ohio St.3d 73, 2007-Ohio-1104, ¶ 41-43 (concluding

that a reasonable efforts determination is necessary at a permanent custody hearing only if the

agency has not demonstrated its use of reasonable efforts prior to that time).

{¶22} In this case, the juvenile court consistently found that CSB had used reasonable

efforts to prevent the children’s removal from their home. Beginning with the shelter care

hearing and continuing with adjudication, the initial disposition, and multiple review hearings,
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the trial court made the requisite statutory reasonable efforts determinations. At no time did

Mother or any other party challenge those findings.

{¶23} As Mother failed to object or move to set aside any reasonable efforts

determinations by the juvenile court, she has forfeited any challenge to the agency’s use of

reasonable efforts on appeal except for a claim of plain error. See In re L.R. at ¶ 18. To

demonstrate plain error, Mother must show not only trial court error, but also resulting prejudice.

In re T.G., 9th Dist. Summit No. 29658, 2020-Ohio-4802, ¶ 22. As Mother has not provided any

transcripts of the prior hearings after which the juvenile court consistently found CSB’s use of

reasonable efforts, this Court must presume regularity as to those reasonable efforts

determinations. See In re L.R. at ¶ 18. Accordingly, Mother has failed to demonstrate error by

the juvenile court necessary to substantiate plain error.

{¶24} Notwithstanding the above, Mother argues that CSB could not have used

reasonable reunification efforts based on the agency’s alleged non-compliance with federal law.

She presents a form-over-substance argument which cannot prevail. She cites federal provisions

which she admits only implicate federal funding for state child welfare agencies. See, e.g., 42

U.S.C. 622, 670, and 671. No federal provisions cited by Mother provide for the negation of any

lawful order by a state court.

{¶25} As this Court has frequently noted, the juvenile court derives its sole authority in

dependency, neglect, and abuse cases from the comprehensive statutory scheme set out in R.C.

Chapter 2151. E.g., In re A.P., 9th Dist. Medina No. 12CA0022-M, 2012-Ohio-3873, ¶ 16.

R.C. 2151.412 addresses case plans and further directs the director of job and family services to

adopt rules regarding the content, format, development, implementation, and modification of

case plans. Those rules are found in various provisions of the Ohio Administrative Code.
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{¶26} In this case, CSB filed an original and several amended case plans with objectives

for Mother in pursuit of reunification with the children. Mother did not object to any case plan.

In fact, she worked with the agency to jointly develop her later case plan objectives, and CSB

noted her agreement on the case plan. Although she now argues that alleged deficiencies, such

as the omission of the child’s clergy and fictive kin, in the case plan require reversal, she failed

to preserve these issues for appeal. Moreover, she has neither argued nor demonstrated how she

was prejudiced by any alleged deficiency. This Court discerns no prejudicial effect requiring

reversal of the juvenile court’s judgment.

{¶27} Based on a review of the record, there is nothing to support Mother’s claims of

error by the juvenile court or prejudice arising out of any alleged error. Mother’s assignment of

error is overruled.

III.

{¶28} Mother’s sole assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
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period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellant.

BETTY SUTTON
FOR THE COURT

HENSAL, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

NEIL P. AGARWAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and JACQUENETTE S. CORGAN, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.

PAUL GRANT, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.

CHRISTOPHER CRULL, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.

GINA D’AURELIO, Attorney at Law, for B.H.

HOLLY FARAH, Guardian ad Litem.