IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
SHELDON L. WEINER, )
)
Plaintiff, ) C.A. No.: K18C-02-025 RLG
)
v. )
)
STEPHAN J. HOLFELD, ESQ., )
)
Defendant. )
Submitted: September 17, 2021
Decided: November 30, 2021
Upon Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment – GRANTED.
ORDER
Before the Court is Stephen Holfeld’s (hereafter the “Defendant”) Motion for
Summary Judgment against Sheldon Weiner’s (hereafter the “Plaintiff”) claim of
legal malpractice. Defendant requests that his Motion for Summary Judgment be
granted because Plaintiff has failed to designate an expert to testify at trial. For the
reasons set forth below, Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED.
A. Factual and Procedural Background
On February 26, 2018, Plaintiff filed an action against Defendant, his former
attorney, alleging that Defendant committed legal malpractice during his
1
representation of Plaintiff in a prior family law matter.1 Plaintiff demanded a jury
trial. On September 14, 2018, this Court issued the case’s first Trial Scheduling
Order, indicating that Plaintiff’s Expert Discovery Cutoff Date was December 27,
2018. Ten days before this deadline, Plaintiff filed a document titled “Plaintiff’s
Expert Discovery Cutoff,” which included a list of two lay witnesses that Plaintiff
intended to call to testify, along with five documents that Plaintiff intended to
introduce as exhibits at trial. This document failed to either designate an expert
witness or to provide an expert witness’s report, as required by Delaware law.2
As trial neared, Plaintiff admitted to the Court that he still had not designated
an expert to testify or provide an expert’s report. Following a subsequent case
conference, this Court issued a Second Trial Scheduling Order. In doing so, the
Court explicitly advised Plaintiff that he needed to designate an expert in order to
proceed to trial. The Second Trial Scheduling Order indicated that Plaintiff’s new
Expert Discovery Cutoff Date would be May 18, 2020.
On May 1, 2020, Defendant sent Plaintiff discovery requests seeking, among
other things, information about (1) whom Plaintiff had consulted as an expert
witness in preparation for trial; (2) whom Plaintiff intended to call as an expert
1
Pl.’s Summ. of the Nature of the Compl. ¶¶ 1-4. Specifically, the Plaintiff argues that the Defendant (1)
“[w]as negligent [in] causing Plaintiff to lose the 40-60 custody equation on child supports”; (2) “[w]as
negligent in losing the case of Petition for Specific Performance”; and (3) “[w]as negligent in losing the
property settlement by not making changes on the 52d as required.”
2
Middlebrook v. Ayers, 2004 WL 1284207, at *1 (Del. Super. June 9, 2004).
2
witness to testify at trial; (3) the testifying expert’s educational background and
professional qualifications; (4) the substance of the facts and opinions to which the
expert would testify at trial; and (5) a detailed summary of the grounds for each
opinion that the expert would testify to at trial. The discovery request also asked
Plaintiff to produce “[a]ny and all reports, draft reports, correspondence or analysis
produced by any expert or outside consultant for [Plaintiff’s] benefit.”3 Defendant’s
discovery and production requests were not extraordinary and were germane to legal
malpractice litigation.
More than two months later, on August 6, 2020, Plaintiff filed his response.
In reply to Defendant’s detailed query about Plaintiff’s intended expert witnesses,
Plaintiff provided a two-paragraph answer, identifying two witnesses: (1) John Pepe
and (2) Laura A. Yiengst. Plaintiff designated neither Mr. Pepe nor Ms. Yiengst as
an expert witness.
Rather, Plaintiff indicated that Mr. Pepe had been present during Plaintiff’s
meetings with Defendant during Defendant’s representation of Plaintiff in Plaintiff’s
prior family law matters. Plaintiff stated that Ms. Yiengst, the attorney who had
represented Plaintiff’s ex-wife in the prior family law matters, had attempted to
gather information from Defendant during that litigation. In response to Defendant’s
3
Def. Stephen J. Holdfeld, Esq.’s First Req. for Produc. of Docs. to Sheldon L. Weiner ¶ 3.
3
request for production of expert reports, correspondence, or analysis, Plaintiff
simply responded, “me and my witness” without providing any form of documentary
evidence.4 Plaintiff did not provide (1) the name of any expert he had consulted with
in preparation for the litigation; (2) the name of any expert he intended to call to
testify at trial; or (3) the substance of any expert’s opinion or report that he intended
to introduce at trial.
After receiving these answers, Defendant filed a Motion to Compel Plaintiff
to Respond to Expert Discovery on September 3, 2020. This Court granted the
Motion on September 25, 2020. When Plaintiff failed to amend his answers to
Defendant’s discovery requests or designate an expert witness pursuant to the
Court’s Second Trial Scheduling Order, Defendant filed this Motion for Summary
Judgment. Defendant argued that, because Plaintiff had repeatedly failed to
designate an expert who could testify to the applicable standard of care at trial,
Plaintiff could not prove all requisite elements of a prima facie case of legal
malpractice.
Three days later, Plaintiff submitted a “Case Status Update” letter (the
“Letter”) in which he stated that it was “almost impossible” to find an attorney to
testify as an expert witness in his case.5 The Letter also described Plaintiff’s belief
4
Pl.’s Answers to Def. Stephen J. Holdfeld, Esq.’s First Req. for Produc. of Docs. ¶ 3.
5
Pl.’s Case Status Update Letter ¶ 2.
4
that his previously filed “Plaintiff’s Expert Discovery Cut Off” document provided
a “strong paper trail of facts and explanations.”6 Subsequently, on January 22, 2021,
Plaintiff filed a response to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, stating that
Defendant’s negligence was “so obvious as to make expert testimony unnecessary.”7
On September 17, 2021, this Court held oral argument to address Defendant’s
Motion for Summary Judgment. At argument, Plaintiff admitted that he still had not
obtained an expert to testify at trial and requested an additional deadline extension
to do so.
B. Standard of Review
On a motion for summary judgment, the moving party bears the burden of
showing (1) that there are no genuine issues of material fact, and (2) that he or she
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.8 The Court must view the facts in the light
most favorable to the non-moving party.9 If the movant can make such a showing,
the burden shifts to the non-moving party to demonstrate that there are material
issues of fact.10
6
Id.
7
Pl.’s Resp. to Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J.
8
Keith v. Sioris, 2007 WL 544039, at *5 (Del. Super. Jan. 10, 2007).
9
Id. (citing Weaver v. Lukoff, 511 A.2d 1044, 1986 WL 17121, at *1 (Del. July 1, 1986) (TABLE)).
10
Id.
5
To prevail on a claim of legal malpractice, the Plaintiff-client must prove (1)
the employment of the attorney; (2) the attorney’s neglect of a reasonable duty; and
(3) that the attorney’s negligence resulted in and was the proximate cause of loss to
the client.11 The Delaware Supreme Court has held that,“[i]n connection with the
final element, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the underlying action would have
been successful but for the attorney’s negligence.”12 Further, this Court recognizes
the well-settled rule that “claims of legal malpractice must be supported by expert
testimony.”13 Expert testimony is required to establish the applicable standard of
care which the ordinary “layman could not be expected to know.”14 Generally,
failure to provide an expert is fatal to a Plaintiff’s claim of professional
malpractice.15 However, expert testimony need not be provided if “the
professional’s mistake is so apparent that a layman, exercising his common sense,
[would be] perfectly competent to determine whether there was negligence.”16
11
Id.
12
Flowers v. Ramunno, 27 A.3d 551, 2011 WL 3592966, at *2 (Del. Aug. 16, 2011) (TABLE).
13
Middlebrook, 2004 WL 1284207, at *5 (citing Jackson v. Lobue, 788 A.2d 528, 2001 WL 1751243, at
*1 (Del. Oct. 15, 2001) (TABLE)).
14
Larrimore v. Homeopathic Hosp. Ass’n of Del., 181 A.2d 573, 576 (Del. 1962).
15
Addalli v. Boyer, 2020 WL 6376634, at *2 (Del. Super. Oct. 29, 2020) (citing Middlebrook, 2004 WL
1284207, at *5), aff’d, 258 A.3d 160, 2021 WL 3469196, at *1 (Del. Aug. 6, 2021) (TABLE)).
16
Middlebrook, 2004 WL 1284207, at *5.
6
C. Discussion
In evaluating the Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, the Court finds
the case of Addalli v. Boyer to be instructive.17 In that case, plaintiff brought a
malpractice action against her former attorney.18 The Court repeatedly advised
plaintiff that she was required to obtain an expert witness to testify about the
applicable standard of care at trial.19 However, a year after filing her amended
complaint, plaintiff still had not produced an expert or an expert’s report. 20 In
reviewing the defendants’ subsequent Motion for Summary Judgment, the Court
held that an expert’s opinion was necessary to “clarify how the representation was
inadequate, what damages were caused and how [plaintiff’s] conduct should factor
into damages, and whether the alleged inadequate representation was the proximate
cause of [plaintiff’s] damages.”21 The Court further opined that, had a bench trial
been demanded, expert testimony on the appropriate standard of care would not have
been necessary “because the Court knows the applicable standard of care.”22
17
2020 WL 6376634, at *1.
18
Id.
19
See id. at *1-2.
20
Id. at *2.
21
Id. (quoting Lorenzetti v. Enterline, 44 A.3d 922, 2012 WL 1383186, at *1 (Del. Apr. 18, 2012)
(TABLE)) (internal quotation marks omitted).
22
Id. (quoting Cannon v. Poliquin, 2020 WL 1076051, at *1 (Del. Super. Mar. 5, 2020)).
7
However, because a jury was demanded, plaintiff’s failure to produce an expert was
fatal to her claim.23
Like the Court in Addalli, this Court has repeatedly advised Plaintiff that he
must designate an expert to testify to the applicable standard of care at trial. As of
the publication date of this Order, this Court has issued three separate Trial
Scheduling Orders, instructing Plaintiff to designate an expert witness and to provide
an expert witness’s report for trial. Following a Case Status Conference on August
8, 2019, this Court again explicitly directed Plaintiff to identify an expert for trial.
On September 25, 2020, this Court granted Defendant’s Motion to Compel, thereby
ordering Plaintiff to respond to Defendant’s discovery requests and identify his
testifying expert witness. Yet, in the three years since filing this case, Plaintiff has
failed to provide any such expert. Rather, Plaintiff submits that he need not provide
an expert’s opinion because “the negligence of the [D]efendant in failing to perform
as he had agreed is so obvious as to make expert testimony unnecessary.”24 Although
Plaintiff is correct in his assertion that expert testimony is not required when the
attorney’s mistakes are obvious or matters of common sense,25 this narrow exception
to the general rule requiring expert testimony does not apply in the present case.
23
Id.
24
Pl.’s Resp. to Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J.
25
See Middlebrook, 2004 WL 1284207, at *5.
8
Further, Plaintiff requested a jury trial. The applicable standard of care for an
attorney in a family law matter does not constitute a matter of common sense or
public knowledge. Even if Defendant’s alleged mistakes were deemed “obvious” or
matters of common sense, an expert’s opinion would still be necessary to clarify (1)
what damages were caused by the Defendant’s inadequate representation; (2) if and
how the Plaintiff’s conduct should factor into any award of damages; and (3) whether
the Defendant’s alleged inadequate representation was the proximate cause of the
Plaintiff’s damages.26 Because these matters are not the type “that a layman,
exercising his common sense, [would be] perfectly competent to determine[,]” an
expert’s opinion is required.27 Therefore, because Plaintiff will be unable to prove
the third element of his claim of legal malpractice without an expert’s opinion,28 this
Court finds that Summary Judgment is appropriate.
WHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, Defendant Holfeld’s Motion for
Summary Judgment is GRANTED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
26
Addalli, 2020 WL 6376634, at *2.
27
Middlebrook, 2004 WL 1284207, at *5.
28
See Keith, 2007 WL 544039, at *5.
9
Weiner v. Holfeld, Esq.
Combined Opinion