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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN RE: PRIVATE CRIMINAL : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
COMPLAINT PETITION OF PAUL A. : PENNSYLVANIA
BROWN :
:
:
APPEAL OF: PAUL A. BROWN :
:
:
: No. 189 EDA 2021
Appeal from the Order Entered July 30, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-45-MD-0000275-2020
BEFORE: BOWES, J., DUBOW, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED DECEMBER 09, 2021
Paul A. Brown appeals from the order that denied his petition for review
of a private criminal complaint pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 506. We affirm.
The trial court offered the following factual summary of this case.
On May 4, 2020, [Appellant] filed private criminal complaint
#1682 with the Monroe County Office of the District Attorney
alleging defendant Diana Brown knowingly gave false information
to authorities . . . . [Appellant] asserts Ms. Brown made false
statements against him in connection with a divorce proceeding.1
Specifically, [Appellant] denotes four counts in his Complaint
against Ms. Brown: (1) [she] made an unsworn falsification in her
complaint in divorce; (2) [she] improperly filed an affidavit
relating to pending divorce proceedings; (3) [she] “knowingly and
intelligently committed perjury in order for the court to grant her
divorce;” and (4) [she] committed forgery by executing her
attorney’s signature without authorization.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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1 Notably, [Appellant] file[d] his Private Criminal Complaint
against his ex-wife Diana Brown, who was the victim in a
criminal case where [Appellant] pleaded guilty to one count
each of attempted homicide and aggravated assault.
[Appellant] disfigured Ms. Brown’s hand, gashed the back of
her head, and severed her ring finger with a machete.
On May 11, 2020, the Office of the District Attorney issued
a disapproval of private criminal complaint #1682 (hereinafter
“notice of disapproval”). The notice of disapproval cited the
following reasons: “(1) Matter was not reported to police for
investigation; (2) The facts of the alleged offense are inadequately
described; (3) Criminal prosecution is not warranted based on the
alleged facts; (4) The statute of limitations has expired on the
alleged crime; and (5) It is not in the best interest of the
Commonwealth to pursue this matter.” [Appellant], an inmate at
SCI Smithfield, received the notice of disapproval and timely filed
a pro se Rule 506 Petition for review of private criminal complaint
with th[e trial] court on June 1, 2020.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/30/20, at 1-2 (cleaned up).
The trial court reviewed the private criminal complaint and the exhibits
attached thereto and issued an opinion and order denying Appellant’s petition
for review. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal to this Court, and both
Appellant and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.1 After noting that
Appellant’s private criminal complaint was not included in the certified record,
this Court directed the trial court to supplement it to include all materials
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1 Appellant submitted the notice of appeal, which was dated August 27, 2020,
and was attached to a motion to proceed in forma pauperis, to prison
authorities for mailing no later than August 28, 2020, which is the date of the
mailing’s postmark. Accordingly, the notice of appeal was timely filed. See,
e.g., Commonwealth v. Betts, 240 A.3d 616, 620 n.4 (Pa.Super. 2020)
(explaining that, pursuant to the prisoner mailbox rule, “submissions from an
incarcerated litigant are deemed to be filed when deposited into the prison
mailing system, or handed over to prison officials for mailing”).
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which it reviewed in making its determination. Having obtained the
supplemental certified record from the trial court, this appeal is ripe for
resolution.
Appellant states the following questions for our review:
1. Whether the trial court erred when it denied [Appellant]’s
notice of appeal/petition for review without first ordering
[Appellant] to file brief where he could provide verified proof, legal
argument and proof of bad faith by the Assistant District Attorney,
thus depriving [Appellant] of his right to fairly raise his meritious
[sic] issues in the trial court.
2. Whether the trial court erred when it denied [Appellant]’s
notice of appeal/petition for review when the Assistant District
Attorney’s reasons for denial of private criminal complaint # 1682
was in part for (1) matter was not reported to the police, (2) the
statue of limitation has expired on the alleged crimes and (3) it is
not in the best interest of the Commonwealth to pursue this
matter, same reasons in part for his denial of private criminal
complaint # 1672 for the same accused, was plainly erroneous
and done in bad faith.
Appellant’s brief at iv.
We begin our consideration of Appellant’s questions with our standard
of review:2
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2 Appellant claims that he presents us with a due process question of law
subject to de novo, plenary review. See Appellant’s brief at iii. “We have
held that the provision in [Pa.R.Crim.P. 506] allowing an appeal of the district
attorney’s disapproval of such charges to the court constitutes sufficient
checks and balances upon the district attorney's actions to comply with
constitutional due process requirements.” In re Private Complaint of
Owens Against Coker, 810 A.2d 172, 177 (Pa.Super. 2002) (cleaned up).
Since Appellant does not complain that the Rule was not followed, due process
is not implicated.
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Appellate examination of a trial court’s review of the District
Attorney’s decision to disapprove a private criminal complaint
implicates the following:
When the district attorney disapproves a private criminal
complaint solely on the basis of legal conclusions, the trial court
undertakes de novo review of the matter. Thereafter, the
appellate court will review the trial court’s decision for an error of
law. As with all questions of law, the appellate standard of review
is de novo and the appellate scope of review is plenary.
When the district attorney disapproves a private criminal
complaint on wholly policy considerations, or on a hybrid of legal
and policy considerations, the trial court’s standard of review of
the district attorney’s decision is abuse of discretion. This
deferential standard recognizes the limitations on judicial power
to interfere with the district attorney’s discretion in these kinds of
decisions.
In re Miles, 170 A.3d 530, 534–35 (Pa.Super. 2017) (cleaned up).
As detailed above, the district attorney supplied multiple reasons for its
disapproval, including both legal and policy considerations. See Trial Court
Opinion, 7/30/20, at 2 (quoting Notice and Record of Disapproval of Private
Criminal Complaint, 5/11/20). Accordingly, the following legal principles
govern our examination of Appellant’s issues:
[T]he appellate court will review the trial court’s decision for an
abuse of discretion, in keeping with the settled principles of
appellate review of discretionary matters. The district attorney’s
decision not to prosecute a criminal complaint for reasons
including policy matters carries a presumption of good faith and
soundness. The complainant must create a record that
demonstrates the contrary. Thus, the appropriate scope of review
in policy-declination cases is limited to whether the trial court
misapprehended or misinterpreted the district attorney’s decision
and/or, without a legitimate basis in the record, substituted its
judgment for that of the district attorney. We will not disturb the
trial court’s decision unless the record contains no reasonable
grounds for the court’s decision, or the court relied on rules of law
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that were palpably wrong or inapplicable. Otherwise, the trial
court’s decision must stand, even if the appellate court would be
inclined to decide the case differently.
The private criminal complainant has the burden to prove the
district attorney abused his discretion, and that burden is a heavy
one. In the Rule 506 petition for review, the private criminal
complainant must demonstrate the district attorney’s decision
amounted to bad faith, fraud or unconstitutionality. The
complainant must do more than merely assert the district
attorney’s decision is flawed in these regards. The complainant
must show the facts of the case lead only to the conclusion that
the district attorney’s decision was patently discriminatory,
arbitrary or pretextual, and therefore, not in the public interest.
In the absence of such evidence, the trial court cannot presume
to supervise the district attorney’s exercise of prosecutorial
discretion, and should leave the district attorney’s decision
undisturbed.
In re Private Criminal Complaints of Rafferty, 969 A.2d 578, 581–82
(Pa.Super. 2009) (cleaned up).
Appellant argues that the district attorney’s office “had ample
knowledge of acts committed by Diana Brown but denied Appellant’s private
criminal complaint in bad faith,” such as by erroneously indicating (1) that the
statute of limitations had expired when it had not at the time Appellant filed
the complaint, and (2) that Appellant had not notified the police of the crimes
for investigation when he served the police with the private criminal complaint
simultaneously with providing it to the district attorney. See Appellant’s brief
at 6, 8-10. Notably, Appellant does not provide argument to dispute the other
reasons offered by the district attorney, namely that Appellant offered an
inadequate description of the facts, that the facts alleged did not warrant
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prosecution, and that prosecution was not in the best interest of the
Commonwealth.
The trial court offered the following explanation for its denial of
Appellant’s petition:
In the instant case, to the extent it may be understood,
[Appellant]’s private criminal complaint fails to set forth a
coherent basis upon which a criminal prosecution could be
initiated. In fact, his claims appear wholly frivolous and entirely
devoid of merit.
[Appellant] first contends Ms. Brown made an unsworn
falsification to authorities when she filed a complaint in divorce on
November 30, 2017 stating, “There is currently no pending action
of divorce or annulment between the parties.” See Complaint in
Divorce, 8963 CV 2017, 11/30/17. [Appellant] believes this
constitutes an unsworn false statement pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.
§ 4904(a). In support, [Appellant] offers an alleged petition for
dissolution of marriage filed with the Supreme Court of Jamaica
(“Jamaican Petition”) on December 22, 2008. Notably,
[Appellant] concedes the Jamaican Petition was not granted, and
that he was lawfully married at the time Ms. Brown filed the
complaint in divorce in Monroe County. Thus, [Appellant] argues
a divorce was pending in Jamaica at the time Ms. Brown filed the
complaint in divorce.
This claim is wholly frivolous and devoid of merit. At a
hearing for the action in divorce, Judge Jennifer Harlacher Sibum
asked Ms. Brown, “One of the other allegations in the many filings
that Mr. Brown put to the court was that the two of you have a
pending divorce in Jamaica, is that true?” N.T. 3/29/19, 8963 CV
2017, [at] 9. Ms. Brown responded, “There is no pending divorce.
I initiated a divorce in 2008 that was discontinued when Mr. Brown
returned to the picture in 2010.” Id. After consideration, Judge
Sibum concluded, “All [the Jamaican Petition] tells me is that there
have been problems in this marriage for a long time and they
clearly haven’t gotten any better.” Id. at 22. There is no evidence
submitted to rebut Ms. Brown’s characterization of the Jamaican
Petition, and we find no basis in the alleged facts to warrant
criminal prosecution.
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Next, [Appellant] contends, “On January 24, 2018, [Ms.]
Brown filed an affidavit under section 3301(d) of the Divorce code.
Ms. Brown’s affidavit was made subject to 18 Pa.C.S. § 4909, i.e.
Witness or informant taking bribes but should have been made
subject to 18 Pa.C.S. § 4904 relating to unsworn falsification to
authorities.’’ At most, this allegation amounts to a ministerial
error. [Appellant]’s belief that a ministerial error amounts to
“fraud upon the court” is wholly frivolous and devoid of merit.
[Appellant]’s third allegation returns to the Jamaican
Petition. Specifically, [Appellant] argues “On March 29, 2019, Ms.
Brown testified under oath that she don’t recall that she has not
actually seen the Jamaica Petition. Ms. Brown further testified
that she put the divorce on hold but provide[d] no verified proof.”
As a result, “Ms. Brown knowingly and intelligently committed
perjury in order for the court to grant her divorce.” For the
reasons discussed, supra, this argument is without merit. Ms.
Brown was extensively questioned and cross-examined in the
divorce action before Judge Sibum. [Appellant] presents no
evidence whatsoever to support his bald assertions. Even a
cursory review of the hearing before Judge Sibum reveals Ms.
Brown to be a credible witness attempting to begin a new life after
a violent attack by her ex-husband.
Finally, [Appellant] contends Ms. Brown forged her
attorney’s signature, asserting “On January 24, Ms. Brown filed an
affidavit with attached Certificate of Compliance upon close
inspection [of] Attorney Strunk’s handwriting and signature were
forged.” [Appellant] offers no evidence to support this claim
beyond a cut and copied comparison, without context or
explanation, of Attorney Strunk’ s cursive signature and a printed
signature. As such, this claim lacks merit and criminal prosecution
is not warranted under the facts alleged.
Here, the district attorney disapproved the private criminal
complaint on [the five aforementioned grounds]. Based on our
review, the facts of the case do not lead only to the conclusion
that the district attorney’s decision was patently discriminatory,
arbitrary or pretextual. To the contrary, the facts here
demonstrate wholly frivolous claims devoid of merit. As such, we
see no basis in fact or law to initiate a criminal prosecution.2
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2 We note that we need not reach the question of whether
the statute of limitations has expired on the alleged crime.
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Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 5552(B)(l), the alleged crimes
likely fall within the five year limitation. However, because
[Appellant]’s claim is entirely devoid of merit, and because
we find the District Attorney did not abuse his discretion in
declining to initiate prosecution, we are not required to
reach a legal conclusion on this issue.
[Appellant]’s claims are devoid of merit and certainly do not
meet the heavy burden of demonstrating the district attorney’s
decision amounted to bad faith, fraud or unconstitutionality. We
recognize the importance of prosecutorial discretion and the
district attorney’s duty to conserve and devote the resources of
his office to cases in which there is a likelihood of a conviction. As
such, the district attorney’s decision not to prosecute a private
criminal complaint for reasons including policy matters carries a
presumption of good faith and soundness. Here, we will not
disturb the sound judgment of the district attorney. As a result,
[Appellant]’s petition is denied.
Trial Court Opinion, 7/30/20, at 5-8 (cleaned up).
Appellant has offered this Court no basis to conclude that the trial court
“misapprehended or misinterpreted the district attorney’s decision,” or that its
decision lacked “a legitimate basis in the record.” Rafferty, supra at 581.
On the contrary, the trial court clearly examined the evidence proffered by
Appellant and stated reasonable grounds for its conclusion that several of the
bases stated by the district attorney were sufficient to justify its decision.
This Court has observed that, “[b]oth the district attorney and the trial court
have a responsibility to prevent the misuse of judicial and prosecutorial
resources in the pursuit of pointless prosecutions.” In re Miles, supra at
535. We are convinced that both have satisfied that responsibility in the
instant case.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/9/2021
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