NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 15 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
CEFERINO DE LA O-ZELAYA; et al., No. 20-73268
Petitioners, Agency Nos. A208-888-523
A208-888-524
v. A208-577-608
A208-577-609
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
MEMORANDUM*
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted December 10, 2021
Seattle, Washington
Before: McKEOWN, MILLER, and BADE, Circuit Judges.
Petitioners Ceferino De La O-Zelaya and Rosa Gomez De La O, husband
and wife, and their two minor children petition for review of the Board of
Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) dismissal of their appeal from an Immigration
Judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying their applications for asylum, withholding of
removal, humanitarian asylum, and protection under the Convention Against
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the
petition.
1. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s finding that Petitioners
failed to demonstrate that the Salvadoran government was or would be unable or
unwilling to control their alleged persecutors. See Ahmed v. Keisler, 504 F.3d
1183, 1191 (9th Cir. 2007) (“The source of the persecution must be the
government or forces that the government is unwilling or unable to control.”).
After De La O-Zelaya was shot, the police went to the hospital to “gather
information,” and, in response to the officers’ questions, De La O-Zelaya
explained: “I was in the gathering or meeting with the party, and somebody shot.
I don’t know who did it.” When, as here, “‘the asylum applicant fail[s] to provide
the police with sufficiently specific information to permit an investigation or an
arrest,’ the police’s inability to solve a crime does not show government inability
or unwillingness to control persecutors.” J.R. v. Barr, 975 F.3d 778, 783–84 (9th
Cir. 2020) (quoting Doe v. Holder, 736 F.3d 871, 878 (9th Cir. 2013)); see, e.g.,
Truong v. Holder, 613 F.3d 938, 941 (9th Cir. 2010) (per curiam); Nahrvani v.
Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1148, 1154 (9th Cir. 2005).
Moreover, country conditions evidence shows that El Salvador has taken
steps to curb gang violence and corruption. These efforts support the agency’s
finding. Cf. Velasquez-Gaspar v. Barr, 976 F.3d 1062, 1064–65 (9th Cir. 2020);
2
see also Sanjaa v. Sessions, 863 F.3d 1161, 1164 (9th Cir. 2017) (“To reverse the
BIA, we must determine that the evidence not only supports [a contrary]
conclusion, but compels it . . . .” (first alteration in original) (internal quotation
marks omitted)).
We reject De La O-Zelaya’s argument that the agency failed to analyze
whether the evidence demonstrates that the Salvadoran government was “unable or
unwilling” to control his alleged persecutors. See Larita-Martinez v. INS, 220 F.3d
1092, 1095 (9th Cir. 2000). The agency analyzed the impact of recent local
elections, that the police took a report from De La O-Zelaya about his shooting
while he was in the hospital, and the Salvadoran government’s efforts to control
gang violence on this inquiry. Consequently, although the clarity of the agency’s
decision is “less than ideal,” we conclude that it sufficiently conveys the IJ’s
conclusion that Petitioners did not establish that the Salvadoran government was
unable or unwilling to control the source of the alleged persecution. Cf. Garland v.
Dai, 141 S. Ct. 1669, 1679 (2021) (explaining that “a reviewing court must uphold
even a decision of less than ideal clarity if the agency’s path may reasonably be
discerned” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Petitioners’ asylum and
withholding of removal claims therefore fail.
2. The agency’s denial of De La O-Zelaya’s request for humanitarian
asylum, see 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1)(iii), is supported by substantial evidence. To
3
be eligible for humanitarian relief, “an applicant must still establish past
persecution on account of a protected ground.” Belishta v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d
1078, 1080 (9th Cir. 2004). Petitioners failed to do so here.
3. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s denial of CAT relief because
Petitioners failed to show that it is more likely than not that they will be tortured by
or with the consent or acquiescence of the government if returned to El Salvador.
See Garcia-Milian v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026, 1034 (9th Cir. 2014) (“Evidence that
the police were aware of a particular crime, but failed to bring the perpetrators to
justice, is not itself sufficient to establish acquiescence in the crime.”); id. at 1035
(concluding a government’s efforts to combat certain acts of violence supported
the agency’s determination that the government was not willfully blind, even
though, “as a practical matter,” those steps did “not achieve[] the desired goals of
resolving crimes and protecting citizens”).1
The petition for review is DENIED.
1
The court need not address Petitioners’ remaining arguments on appeal.
See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976) (per curiam) (“As a general rule
courts and agencies are not required to make findings on issues the decision of
which is unnecessary to the results they reach.”).
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Ceferino De La O-Zelaya v. Merrick Garland
Combined Opinion