The defendant asks that the judgment obtained in this, action be reversed, as excessive in amount and as being without any legal "basis for its; support when tested by the rule which controls in . measuring the compensation which may be awarded for the services for which a recovery has-been had. The plaintiffs Are lawyers and . the- recovery has' been had for services rendered by them in a pro*123fessional capacity. It appears that plaintiffs appeared in five actions or proceedings which were in their nature strictly legal proceedings. The other services consisted wholly in procuring grants or franchises over certain highways in several towns in Westchester county and in the city of Mount Yernon, from the. public authorities having control of the same. Ther.e was other service performed in the city of New York in procuring the commissioner of streets in the twenty-third and twenty-fourth wards in that part of1 the city, known as the “Annexed District,” to consent to and recommend a .change in motive power of defendant’s cars, and also services performed at Albany and elsewhere in and about the passage of an act relating to defendant’s charter. The referee has refused to allow compensation for these services, and as no appeal was taken from his determination in this respect, his decision thereon is final. The great bulk of the service for which a recovery was had, related to that which was rendered in obtaining the franchise for defendant in the towns of Westchester, Williamsbridge, South Mt. Yernon and the city of Mt. Yernon. The record of this service is set out in the testimony of Breen, at great length and in infinite detail, and is in the main not substantially disputed. Counsel for defendant has, by an analysis of the record kept by the plaintiff Cohalan, reduced the time devoted to the service of the defendant to what he terms “ two months of solid work.” We are not disposed to accept this view of .the service rendered. The services began in January, 1891, and ended in February, 1893. The active service for which a recovery has been allowed began in the early part of May, 1892, and was concluded in February, 1893. We think it apparent from the testimony that during this period Breen was occupied substantially the entire time, and his partner and clerk a portion. The entries in the book are quite meagre in character, and when measured by practically uncontradicted testimony, it shows that a portion only of the actual time devoted was accounted for therein. The character of the service was not such as could be readily itemized, and the testimony as a whole, shows that for much of it no entry was made. It is asserted that the service rendered by Breen in connection with the granting of the franchise in the town of Westchester, was not only valueless, but in its effect dangerous and disastrous to the interests of defendant, *124as it imperilled its corporate existence. ■ The basis, of this claim, is that the statute which authorized the extension of the road was in conflict, with article 3, section 16 of the Constitution, and that the action instituted:by Breen necessarily-brought the-court to an adjudication of that question. It may be here observed that no act of plaintiffs .could curé, the defect in defendant’s chartered rights, if any existed, and if such rights were so preéarious that they were liable to collapse if attention were called -to it, there was no very substantial' basis . upon which iit stood, and. any act which Breen did, or omitted to do, could not very seriously damage defendant, as' the infirmity, assuming it to exist, was quite open and patent. To the extent that the road had been constructed and was then being .operated,, whether in New York city or elsewhere; it is quite possible that defendant had. acquired rights which would resist a successful attack upon the .act. in question, ’ It is'also true that if it was defeated in its application for a grant in Westchester and other towns, it would be of little-consequence whether its chartered rights for that locality were-invalid or .not. Ytis not easy to see that it risked much by attempting, to assert rights, which, unless asserted,, left it dead as to the.particular’grant.and those which followed. When. .Breen made the application for a grant to lay tracks in- Wéstchester, he was' confronted by similar applications from other companies for the samé territory, and the. grant was in fact made -to another company. If the matter had stopped, here, defendant Would have had'' no opportunity to exercise its corporate functions in this territory, whether its act was constitutional or .Otherwise. To meet this condition Breen advised that the defendant possessed the right, to lay its tracks under its charter without .the consent of. the public authorities, and the company acted upon this advice "and laid its .tracks.
. We do not .find ourselves in harmony with the learned róferee in the view which he has taken: of plaintiffs’ action respecting the method by which the grant in Westchester was obtained and- secured to defendant.:. It was certainly audacious enough, but such audacity does not. commend itself to us as a basis upon which' to award compensation for legal service ;, its tendency Would be to:p.ut a premium upon lawlessness. It -does not follow -because we do. not sanction this act that ¡defendant's action in this regard deceives our commendation. The moral phase of this question was- as open then as *125now. The promptness with which it availed itself of the advantage-secured by Breen’s advice shows that it was little troubled with the abstract question of right and Wrong involved in the transaction. We.have, however, little difficulty in seeing that the advice and action thereunder was valuable and effective service to defendant as. its effect was to place the latter in a position to make application for other grants which it obtained and to carry on a successful negotiation for the acquirement of other territory where it now operates its cars. The assertion of the right to lay its tracks in Westchester, followed by its actual exercise and the procuring and sustaining of an injunction when its acts were interfered with, had. a marked effect upon subsequent negotiations with the other companies. Before this they demanded $300,000 in stock and $3,500-cash for such rights as they possessed. After, they sold all their interests for $25,000. The service in the other towns was in the-face of a determined opposition ably represented, and seems to have been conducted with ability and skill, and was certainly successful.. It is asserted that this service did not involve the slightest legal-question. This may be true in a strict legal sense and yet it was-such service as lawyers frequently perform and is generally regarded as in the line of professional employment. The record sustains this-view, for it shows that the opposing roads engaged, to resist the-efforts of Breen, Judge Mills and Judge Appel, who performed precisely the same service that Breen was then engaged in performing. It falls, therefore, fairly within the lines of professional service and is to be compensated for as such.
It is further claimed that Breen conclusively established the value-of his services at the rate of $5,000 a year by rendering bills for that amount. The evidence tends, to establish that he was anxious-to be retained as permanent counsel of the road and made a proposition to accept such service at a compensation of $5,000 a year for a. term of years, according to his testimony. Stadler says at $3,000 per year and Brady $5,000, and that no length of service was suggested. The proposition was made, but defendant never acted, thereon and subsequently Breen withdrew the proposal, by letter, stating that he would render the service on the basis of a quantum, meruit. The bill was rendered prior to the letter, and Breen states, was in consequence of the conversation he had with Brady respect-
*126ing.a permanent engagement.. The rendition of these .bills was not ■conclusive upon plaintiffs, and while it is pertinent evidence as bearing upon the value which Breen attached to his service, yet it is evident that while he might be quite willing to. engage himself for a term of years at that rate of compensation, it would scarcely furnish the rate of compensation for. service to be performed in a short time and then terminate. But it is. important now in fixing the amount that!should be awarded as compensation. . The.service from the time it first began down to its termination covered a period of something over two years. The active service was something less than, a year. If Breen should be allowed for service at the price fixed by him on a basis; of a permanent retainer, it could in no event exceed $12,000j and from this sum would be deducted the amount that.has been.paid, $2,650, leaving a balance due of $9,350. In'whatever way weyiew .the. case, and however we construe the testimony bearing upon the value of the service, the result reached must,, from the nature .of the case, be more or less an arbitrary .sum. We are not inclined to undervalue the services rendered by Breen for which a recovery can be had,, for of these that we reject we can- see that they were valuable to defendant, measured by practical results. But, upon the whole testimony, we think that the referee -has awarded too large a.sum. In fair estimate it should not exceed 815,000. The recovery will, therefore,, be reduced to 815,000, with a proportionate amount of the extra allowance.
All concurred:
■ ■ Judgment reversed and new trial granted before a new referee, unless the plaintiffs .stipulate within twenty days to deduct from the judgmental®,000 and a proportionate amount of the extra allowance. In case such stipulation is given, the judgment so reduced is affirmed, without costs of appeal.