In May, 1895, Hiram E. Knapp and James P. Peck were copartners in the business of buying and selling coal and farm produce, owning and occupying in connection therewith a warehouse at Shortsville on Booth street on land contiguous to land of the defendant. The warehouse was a story and a half frame building with shingle roof, standing parallel with the track of the defendant, and about twenty feet distant therefrom, there being at that time a side track which ran alongside the warehouse.
On the 2d of May, 1895, the warehouse and the greater part of the contents were consumed by fire. The fire took place between three and four o’clock in the afternoon, a few minutes after the passage of the west-bound accommodation train of the defendant. The fire was first discovered on the outside of the roof of the building of the plaintiff, on the side nearest to defendant’s track, a few feet down from the peak, and was not then more than a foot in diameter. At the same time fire was discovered burning on the bank adjacent to the track of the defendant further south. There had been no fire in the building that day or for some time before; nor was there anything near the building prior to the fire to occasion the burning of the plaintiff’s building except the defendant’s engine. The engine drawing the train on the occasion was known as No. 1073. The defendant’s branch at Shortsville runs nearly north and south and there is a heavy ascending grade in the track of the defendant south. There was a strong south or southwest wind blowing at the *112time and it was very dry, there not having been any rain for quite a long space of time. The warehouse stood about fifty rods from the Shortsville station, and from that up to the warehouse and past the same the grade was heavy and the engine drawing the train had to labor, and as an incident to that labor was likely to throw out some cinders. There was no evidence given that the engineer or that the fireman was in any way negligent in the management of the engine on the occasion of the fire. That the fire was occasioned by the engine throwing out sparks was a matter of inference on all the evidence relating to the circumstances of the origin of the fire and the movement of the engine. There was no evidence given as to the kind of spark arrester the engine carried, or that there was any fault in its original construction.
In Frace v. N. Y., L. F. & W. R. R. Co. (143 N. Y. 182) it was held : “ The court may take judicial notice that the ‘ diamond stack ’ and the ‘ straight stack ’ spark arresters are in very general use upon the railroads of the country, and are both well-known systems for arresting sparks.”
The mode of construction of the different kinds of spark arresters is extensively described in the opinion delivered in Flinn v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co. (142 N. Y. 11).
“ The defendant had a right to operate its railroad by means of engines traversing its tracks and was only required to use reasonable care and prudence in the operation of the same ; and it was incumbent upon the plaintiff to establish, by evidence, that in its operation of its engines it had failed to exercise such care and prudence.” (Frier v. D. & H. C. Co., 86 Hun, 464; S. C., 33 N. Y. Supp. 887; and the doctrine thereof followed in Miller v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 36 N. Y. Supp. 719.)
In Brown v. B., R. & P. R. R. Co. (4 App. Div. 466) it was said in the course of the opinion delivered in that case, viz.: “ It was incumbent upon the plaintiff to point out specifically the negligence, or negligent act, of the defendant in operating its trains along its track, and that such negligence caused the injuries of which the plaintiff complained. It was not sufficient to produce evidence indicating tbat sparks emitted from the smokestacks of the defendant’s locomotives occasioned the fire, unless the emission of the sparks was unusual in degree or character, or the sparks were of *113extraordinary size and such as would not be emitted from perfectly constructed locomotives.” In that case the evidence was not sufficiently definite to identify any particular engine from which sparks escaped; that the grade was ascending, and, therefore, it was to be expected that some sparks in the reasonable use of the defendant’s engines would escape.
In the case in hand it appears definite and certain that the fire occurred just after the passage of engine No. 1073, and that when it passed it was laboring and emitting sparks, and the evidence would warrant the jury in finding that the ignition of the plaintiff’s buildings was from the sparks of fire emitted from that engine.
It is contended in behalf of the defendant that there was no evidence to indicate that the engine was not equipped with a suitable spark arrester in proper condition. There is no evidence of the size of the sparks or cinders emitted from engine 1073 on the occasion of the occurrence of the fire to the plaintiff’s building. The plaintiff did give evidence that on the twenty-third of March the same engine in passing over the road emitted sparks or cinders causing a fire to some grass in the town of Manchester, and the witness who speaks of the size of the sparks thrown out on that occasion says they were about the size of an ordinary pea. There is no proof in the case that on that occasion the engine was out of repair or that the fire ensued by reason of any fault on the part of the defendant. It was incumbent upon the plaintiff to show that engine 1073 was not equipped with a proper spark arrester, or that, being so equipped, it had become out of repair and in such a bad condition as to emit unusual sparks or cinders, and that the defective condition was due to the neglect of the defendant’s servants, and that such defect had existed a sufficient length of time to indicate that there had not been a proper inspection on the part of the defendant or its employees. No such evidence was produced.
It must be borne in mind that the building which was burned was built of wood; its roof was shingled and stood within twenty feet of the track, and that the time was very dry when the fire started on the shingles, some of the witnesses say half way between the eaves and the peak. The evidence does not indicate that the fire was occasioned by the negligence of the defendant.
*114The plaintiff had caused the roof of the adjacent building to be -painted with fireproof paint. He had not taken that precaution with reference to the building which was destroyed.
It must be borne in mind that the defendant had the right to use its tracks and to use its locomotives at all times provided they were in proper condition. (Wheeler v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 67 Hun, 639.)
Several offers to show the experience of witnesses were made, and their observations on other roads and on other occasions under other 'circumstances, and excluded. It is not apparent that if that evidence had been received it would have sustained the plaintiff’s ¡allegation of a defective condition of the spark arrester on defendant’s engine 1073 on the occasion of the fire. There was an entire absence of any proof that the engine was out of repair, or that it was improperly operated at the time of the fire.
We think the court committed no error in not allowing the jury to conjecture as to the time the spark arrester became out of order, if it was out of order on the twenty-ninth of May subsequent to the fire of which the plaintiff complains. (Searles v. Manhattan Railway Co., 101 N. Y. 661; Reiss v. N. Y. S. Co., 128 id. 107.)
We think the plaintiff has failed to sustain the' burden cast upon Mm to establish negligence as a basis of recovery.
All concurred, except Ward, J., not voting.
Plaintiff’s exceptions overruled and judgment ordered for defendant, with costs.