This is an appeal from an order of the Special Term granting a peremptory writ of mandamus to compel the reinstatement of the ■ relator to the position of tenement house inspector from which he lwas removed on February- 26, 1906.
The relator was not a veteran or "an exempt fireman and, therefore, charges having been preferred, against him, his sole right under the provisions of section 1.543 of the .charter (Laws of 1901, chap. 466) was to be allowed an Opportunity of making an explanation. He was served at ten-thirty o’clock on .the morning of February'19, 1906, with specifications of charges with, notice that he *808would be given an opportunity to explain on February twentieth at nine o’clock. He appeared before the commissioner at the time and place indicated. He states in his petition that he was- entitled to counsel, that the commissioner refused to make a record of the .proceedings, that he refused to grant petitioner inore time to explain said charges or to allow him to know the evidence against him, or to produce witnesses on his behalf; that the commissioner insisted that he explain said charges;, but that he cpuld not adequately do so without inspecting the records, which he had had no opportunity to do. He also complained that the proceeding was not legal because the commissioner preferred .the charges against him, tried them and judged him, .which was illegal.
The answering affidavit by the commissioner, which upon this proceeding must be taken as true, is that the petitioner did not, prior to the. hearing or at any time, ask for leave to inspect the records or documents of the department; that he did not ask for time .to prepare himself, that he did not ask for an adjournment. The charges were specific and substantial.' The commissioner having given an opportunity for explanation and not having been satisfied therewith, removed the petitioner and duly complied .with the requirements of the law by filing the-true grounds therefor in writing.
■ The petitioner, as is evidenced by the contents of his petition and the brief of his counsel, is mistaken in his conception of the-nature of the jn’oeeedings provid'ed for in-section 1543 of the charter (supra), and his rights thereunder. In People ex rel. Kennedy v. Brady (166 N. Y. 44) the Court of Appeals said: “ He was' not entitled to be sworn or to introduce witnesses- with respect to the truth or merits of the reasons which were assigned for his removal. He was not entitled to a trial or a judicial hearing. * * * There is no statute and no rule- of law that gives the right to the relator to review the merits of the case upon the facts, since the power of removal is.conferred upon the commissioner in the broadest terms, subject to no limitation Whatever, except that embodied in the statute which requires' the reasons to be stated in writing and filed and an opportunity for an explanation given; ” citing People ex rel. Keech v. Thompson (94 N. Y. 451). Continuing, the court said: “The head of.the department, if the explanations are not satisfactory to him, may, in his discretion, remove without calling, witnesses to *809substantiate the charges or allowing testimony on the part of the subordinate. He may exercise the power of removal upon facts within his own knowledge or based upon information received from others. The reasons assigned for the removal must appear upon their face to justify the action; in'other words, they must be substantial and not frivolous, but when they appear to be sufficient to justify the determination the courts have no power to interfere on the ground that the reasons, though good in themselves, had no existence as matter of fact, or that the explanation given by the subordinate should have satisfied the head of the department.”
The learned Special Term granted the writ, as it appears from its opinion in the record, because the petitioner had in effect no time to prepare his explanation; but he had twenty-four hours, and he made ho application for an adjournment and no application for an opportunity to examine the records. He is in no> position at this late date to raise such a question. In People ex rel. Holden v. Woodbury (88 App. Div. 593; affd., 179 N. Y. 525) a charge of insubordination was immediately preferred against a subordinate by the commissioner and he was then-and there allowed an opportunity to make an explanation, no charges in writing having been made. In spite of his protests against proceeding without notice and time to prepare a defense, he was subsequently removed. This court said: “ The only question presented is whether upon these facts he had a reasonable opportunity to make ’ an explanation. We think he did. * * * It will be observed that the statute does not fix any time within which one shall, be afforded an opportunity to make an explanation. All it says is that he shall have such opportunity. "x" * * He knew what the charge was and was.given an opportunity to explain his conduct. This is all the statute required,”
Hpon this record the peremptory writ of mandamus should not have been issued. Therefore, the order allowing the same, here appealed from, should be reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion denied, with ten dollars costs.
■ Ingraham, McLaughlin,. Houghton and Lambert, JJ., concurred.
Order reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion denied, with ten dollars costs.