Plaintiff, a physician, has been awarded by the referee $170 on his claim of $1,744 for professional services rendered to the defendant’s testator. The services extended over twenty-one years prior to the death of the testator on December 15, 1906. The referee decided that the Statute of Limitations was a defense to so much of the claim as accrued more than six years prior to the death of the testator, and permitted a recovery for whatever services plaintiff was able to prove had been rendered within such period of six years.
The referee correctly applied the Statute of Limitations. The payments claimed to have been made o.n account of the services were made by the wife of the testator without his knowledge ,or consent, nor were they so far- as appears authorized or ratified by him, and there is no other evidence which removes the bar of the statute.
The referee, however, erroneously excluded from evidence the plaintiff’s books of account. These consisted of divers small books or diaries containing original entries of. his professional visits. If admitted in evidence they would have tended to show that he had rendered more professional services within the six years prior to the testator’s death than he was able to demonstrate without the aid of such books. Two witnesses'testified that they had previously employed plaintiff from tiine to time, and that they had settled their accounts with him from his books, and on such settlements found his books to be correct. The accounts thus testified to by these witnesses were contained in four books. The referee found that the accounts of these witnesses as contained in the books were correct,, and that the said four books were honestly and fairly kept, but excluded the remainder of the books because they contained no entries of the accounts which were settled by these witnesses. It appeared that the plaintiff' kept no clerk, and some of the services indicated by the books had been in fact rendered to the-, testator as found by the referee. The preliminary, proof necessary to make *142the hooks admissible in evidence was thus brought squarely within the rule declared in Vosburgh v. Thayer (12 Johns. 461) and many times reiterated. If these accounts had all been kept in one hook, unquestionably suoli book after the preliminary proof here made would have been competent evidence. The fact that they appeared in various books is an unimportant circumstance. What was required within the rule of the Vosburgh case was proof that plaintiff kept “fair and honest accounts, and this by those who have dealt and settled with him.” The purpose of this requirement is to raise a presumption of the accuracy of the bookkeeping methods, and. such presumption when established is not necessarily limited to the books containing the accounts of the witnesses called to establish the fairness of such accounts:
The judgment must be reversed, the referee discharged, and. a new trial granted, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
All concurred.
Judgment reversed, referee discharged, and new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide event.