Samuel C. Niles died intestate April 26, 1907, leaving a widow, Martha M. Niles, and two sons of a former marriage, John J. Niles . and Ceylon E. Niles, now an incompetent person, as his only next of kin. Letters of administration were issued" May 3, 1907, to the " widow and son John J. Niles. May 15, 1907, the administrators tiled an inventory showing assets of the estate amounting to $523.35. In June, 1908, the administrator John J. Niles filed a petition in the Surrogate’s Court in Which he stated that the deceased left a large amount of personal property not included in the inventory which had come into the possession of his coadministrator and for which she refused to account, and demanding that she be required to account for such property. A citation was thereupon issued directing her to file an account of her proceedings. She answered the petition of her coadministrator and filed an account alleging her individual ownership of the property claimed by him to belong to the estate. This property consisted of over $3,000 represented by certificates of deposit, about $900 in various promissory notes, - and a bond and mortgage of about $1,800 which had been taken by assignment in the joint names of the deceased and the administratrix. At the beginning.of the hearing before the surrogate she relinquished lxer claim of ownership to the promissory notes but litigated her claim to the certificates of deposit and to the entire bond and mortgage. The surrogate sustained her claim to the certificates of deposit but held her accountable to tiie estate for an undivided one-half of the bond and mortgage. The promissory notes have not been collected. Actions .are pending undetermined on three of them. The admin*200istratrix was not permitted to show the circumstances of' these actions. The administrator in his petition admitted that one or two of the notes were possibly uncollectible. The bond secured by the mortgage has not been fully collected and is not yet fully due.
On the foregoing facts the surrogate has held the administratrix personally liable for a conversion of said promissory notes, and has chargeddier in the decree with the full amount thereof and with the full amount of the undivided one-half of the bond and mortgage. As to the latter, the decree is clearly erroneous. The appellant could not be charged witli the proceeds of the. bond and mortgage not yet payable by their terms. Furthermore, the court is of the opinion that the assignment of the bond and mortgage to the deceased and his wife took the place of the original mortgage to-them, for which the deceased furnished the entire consideration, and that the wife on the death of her husband succeeded to the entire interest therein. - (Sanford v. Sanford, 45 N. Y. 723 ; West v. McCullough, 123 App. Div. 846.) As to the promissory notes, I am unable to see how or in what manner the appellant has converted the same. It is true she claimed to own tli.em and asserted that claim in court, but does a mere claim. of ownership by an administrator rightfully in possession of the property render him liable for a conversion thereof? Does an administrator make a personal claim to property under the penalty of being held liable for conversion thereof in case it turns out that it in fact belongs to the estate which he represents, although he may have acted in the utmost good faith in making such claim? We are cited to no authority which answers those questions affirmatively. Although the claim of ownership -of the administratrix in this case was unfounded, nevertheless her possession was rightful and the coadministrator had no superior right to such possession. Although she has claimed to own the propertj", she has committed no act in respect thereto inconsistent with her duty as an administratrix. The ordinary action of conversion implies the exercise of dominion over property* to the exclusion of one having a superior right of possession. Whose property has she converted ? Not that of her coadministrator, because she assuredly has the same right to its possession that he has. Section 2731 of the Code of Civil Procedure contemplates the trial in Surrogate’s Court of *201just such an issue as here arose. That provision is that where a contest arises between the accounting party and any other party respecting property, alleged to belong to the estate, but to which the accounting party lays claim, such contest may be tried and determined in the same manner as any other issue arising in the Surrogate’s Court. It seems to me that this section contemplates that an honest dispute as to conflicting claims concerning the property of the estate shall be disposed of by the surra-' gate without determining that the unsuccessful claimant is a tort feasor and holding him liable as for á conversion. The necessity for such a drastic method does not exist. The Surrogate’s Court is possessed of ample power to protect the rights of all concerned by exacting from the administrator an increased bond or otherwise. That was the .method approved by this court in Matter of Goundry (57 App. Div. 232), where the amount of the administrator’s bond was increased to cover property claimed by him individually. If the estate has suffered by the negligence or dilatoriness of the appellant she may be held liable, but that has not been established nor even claimed. Only a little more than a year had intervened between the grant of letters of administration and the accounting. Three actions were pending on these promissory notes and it does not appear that the estate has suffered by any act of omission or commission on the part of the appellant. It' was, therefore, error to charge her personally with the amount of these notes and bond and mortgage.
The administratrix paid $450 for a monument, which was reduced by the surrogate to $300. She attempted to prove that the deceased in his lifetime desired this monument and selected it of a dealer in monumental work, which evidence was excluded. I think it should have been received as bearing on the propriety and reasonableness of the expenditure. There are no creditors of the estate, and if the administratrix was merely carrying out the wishes of the deceased it cannot be said under all the circumstances here existing that she was unreasonably extravagant in this particular.
It was also error to charge the appellant personally with the costs of the proceeding. As to the more important part of the matters in litigation she succeeded and should not have been thus charged with costs.
*202The decree, so far as appealed from, must be reversed and the proceeding remitted to the Surrogate’s. Court, with'costs to the appellant and one bill of costs to the respondents payable out of the estate.
All concurred, except Houghton, J., dissenting with respect-to the conversion of the notes.
Decree, so far as appealed from reversed, and proceeding remitted to the Surrogate’s Court, with costs to the appellant, and one bill of costs -to the respondents payable out of the estate.