The Beauty Spring Water Company was duly incorporated under the laws of the State of New York as a private water corporation. Its charter was duly filed June 23,1896, and the purpose of the company, as set forth in its charter, is “to supply water to the inhabitants of the town of West Turin, Lewis county, New York.” The proper consent of the town authorities of West Turin had previously been obtained. The company was incorporated as provided in the Transporta*420tion Corporations Law (Gen. Laws, chap. 40 [Laws of 1890, chap. 566], § 80 et seq., as amd.), and by section 82 of such chapter, being the former Transportation Corporations Law (Gen. Laws, chap. 40, as amd. by Laws of 1892, chap. 617), water companies organized pursuant to that act were authorized “to lay their water pipes in any streets or avenues or public places of an adjoining city, town or village, to the city, town or village where such permit has been obtained.” (Since amended by Laws of 1905, chap. 210, and Laws of 1906, chap. 455; now Consol. Laws, chap. 63 [Laws of 1909, chap. 219], §82.) -
In 1899 the village of Lyons Falls was duly incorporated as a village of the fourth class, and was largely made up of territory in the town of West Turin, but also included within its corporate limits a portion of the adjoining town of Lyonsdale. The village comprises a strip of land about one and one-half miles in length and one-half mile in width. It had 775 inhabitants in 1910. In 1905 the village of Lyons Falls made application to the State Water Supply Commission for authority to install a municipal water system of its own, and the application was granted. The village installed the system, which is conceded to be ample to furnish water for fire protection and domestic use within the village.
Ho question is raised as to the purity or quality of the water furnished by the plaintiff. The court has found, however, that before the installation of the defendant’s system the plaintiff’s system was at times inadequate for domestic purposes, but I think the evidence, as well as the specific findings of the court as to the instances in which the water failed at certain points, show that the plaintiff has practically at all times furnished an ample supply of water for domestic use, and that only in a few isolated instances, extending over a period of many years, has the supply been insufficient or the pressure too low to furnish all the water needed for domestic purposes. The court has also found that the plaintiff’s system is inadequate to furnish fire protection to the village, but I think this is immaterial, as the furnishing of fire protection is purely a municipal and governmental function and one which the village has the right to undertake for itself, and was not one of the purposes contem*421plated by or required of the plaintiff. As was said by the Court of Appeals in People ex rel. Mills Water Works Co. v. Forrest (97 N. Y. 97, 100): “The State authorizes the formation of water works companies in its towns and villages, * * * but it does not require one so organized to supply water to the town or village, nor does it require the town or village to take its supply of water from the company so formed.” It seems to me that the failure or refusal of the plaintiff to furnish fire protection to the defendant is not the test of whether it has fulfilled the purposes for which it was incorporated, in the absence of any express provision in its franchise, or contract to that effect. Indeed, it is conceded in this case that whatever fire protection the plaintiff assumed to furnish to the defendant was furnished gratuitously and not in pursuance of any contract. As before stated, I think the evidence shows no substantial default in at all times furnishing a pure and sufficient supply of water to all plaintiff’s customers. No general failure of the whole system, even temporarily, was shown, and the most of the trouble shown was with the supply furnished to the New York Central railroad for use in its engines. It does not seem to me important that the plaintiff was at times unable to furnish all the water needed by a railroad for running its engines.
For the purpose of installing and maintaining the defendant’s municipal system, certain taxes have been levied upon all the taxable property within the village of Lyons Falls, including the plaintiff’s water system and property, which, as far as it is concerned, the plaintiff insists it is not legally obliged to pay and equitably should not be called upon to pay. The installation of defendant’s municipal system has coneededly greatly impaired the earning capacity of the plaintiff.
I think that under the decisions of the Court of Appeals in Skaneateles Water Works Co. v. Village of Skaneateles (161 N. Y. 154) and Warsaw Water Works Co. v. Village of Warsaw (Id. 176) the defendant has no authority to so tax the plaintiff. Under those decisions I think it is clear that the defendant had the right to install a municipal water system of its own, and to thereby enter into competition with the plaintiff in furnishing water to the inhabitants of the *422village, and if the result of such competition is disastrous to the plaintiff, it cannot complain, for it has no exclusive franchise or contract to furnish water to the inhabitants of the defendant village. But I do not agree that the defendant can levy taxes upon plaintiff’s corporate property for the purpose of installing, making additions to and maintaining a water works system in competition with the plaintiff. I think that legally it has no right to do so, under the decisions cited above, and that such course is not equitably justifiable under the evidence in this case.
I think that the acts of the defendant in taxing the plaintiff for the payment of the obligations incurred in the construction of defendant’s system are in contravention of the provisions of section 10 of article 1 of the Federal Constitution, and void.
As to the equitable considerations involved, it appears that when the consent of the State Water Supply Commission was being sought it was practically understood by that commission and by all parties concerned that the defendant would proceed to acquire by purchase or proper condemnation proceedings the plaintiff’s system. Thereafter a proposition was submitted to the taxpayers of the village to purchase plaintiff’s system for $9,000, but was voted down at the election. Ho further steps toward that end have been taken. . On the contrary, the defendant has proceeded, to levy taxes on all taxable property within the village for the purpose of paying for the municipal system, thereby compelling plaintiff’s customers to contribute to the support of a system which they do not use, and practically coercing them into using the water furnished by the village, for it is difficult to see how any taxpayer of the village would long continue to contribute to the support of two water systems when he only used the water furnished by one of them. So that I do not see how it can be said that either legally or equitably the defendant is entitled to. tax the property of the plaintiff for the purpose of installing and maintaining its municipal water works system.
I, therefore, vote for reversing the judgment appealed from and granting a new trial, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.