Plaintiff sued for divorce, and as a defense and counterclaim the defendant alleged certain adulteries of the plaintiff.
*82A number of questions were framed as to the defendant’s and plaintiff’s alleged adulteries. On issues as to charges made by plaintiff, the jury found two in the plaintiff’s favor, disagreed as to one, and found the rest for the defendant.
On the questions framed as to the plaintiff’s adulteries, the jury disagreed as to one and found the rest for the plaintiff.
The jury completely exonerated the plaintiff with respect to all the charges in all of the issues set up by the defendant concerning a dead corespondent. The jury found the defendant and one of defendant’s corespondents guilty of committing adultery as set forth in two of the issues. That corespondent moved to set aside the verdicts by an order to show cause based on an affidavit of her attorney. The trial judge granted the motion of the corespondent, made an order setting aside the verdicts in favor of the plaintiff, declared a mistrial of the whole cause and set down the new trial of all the thirty-one issues for a later term. Plaintiff appeals from that order dated February 13, 1930.
The condition in which the case now exists prevents the entry of immediate judgment. To entitle the plaintiff to judgment it is not enough that the verdict finds the defendant guilty on one or more of the charges, but it must also find that the plaintiff is not guilty as to any of the counter-charges.
On the trial extending over a period of two weeks the defendant, Ray H. Arnold, was found to have committed adulteiy with Margaret Crenshaw West in an apartment of the defendant.
The issues of fact submitted to the jury were sufficient to justify a-decree of divorce if found against either spouse.
A suit for an absolute divorce could have been instituted by either party using any one single issue charging the adultery of the opposite party, and the finding of the accused one guilty of committing adultery as charged in any one of those issues would have been sufficient to entitle the innocent party to a divorce.
Each issue of fact charging the adultery of the defendant which was sent to the jury was an independent ground for divorce. Each separate issue charging the plaintiff with committing adultery was likewise a ground for the judgment.
Each issue is perfectly distinct and severable from all the others and each issue involving adultery, although isolated, would have, if sustained, entitled either party to a judgment of divorce in bis or her favor. A verdict for the plaintiff on only one issue establishing the fact that the defendant committed adultery and a disagreement on the other thirty separate issues would not affect the proceedings in any one of the issues framed by the order.
The situation was not changed because the parties joined in one *83action a large number of distinct causes for divorce. The trial judge thought the established verdict on every question must be set aside because the jury failed to render a verdict on two of the thirty-one issues.
The facts covering the two remaining issues on which the jury disagreed are independent of every other fact in the case.
There were twenty-nine verdicts rendered here that were not defective. Each answer of the jury constituted one verdict and each party, plaintiff or defendant, to this suit could have based a separate cause of action for an absolute divorce on each issue of adultery joined in this case.
We conclude that the retrial of the two questions which the jury did not answer, leaving the verdict of the jury on the twenty-nine other questions undisturbed, is obviously the only logical method of concluding this litigation. Finem litis lex requirit.
There were eighteen verdicts directed by the trial judge and eleven verdicts found by the jury after submission to them. Only two questions upon which no agreement was reached remain to be determined. A corespondent who is dead was acquitted of any dereliction. Why should his alleged guilt be again examined? Why need the whole mess be restewed to the public disgust and detriment?
To compel the plaintiff to try thirty-one issues again, twenty-nine of which have been already fairly and properly decided, would deprive her of verdicts legally found. The guilt of the defendant has been definitely established by the jury on the trial and he is to be given two trials on the same issues on which his guilt has once been found.
“ ‘ A divorce suit, while on its face a mere controversy between private parties of record, is as truly viewed, a triangular proceeding sui generis, wherein the public or government occupies in effect the position of third party.’ ” (Winans v. Winans, 124 N. Y. 140.)
The trial judge ruled that solely because the jury disagreed on one of the issues involving the plaintiff she must retry all of the issues including those on which the defendant had been found guilty and eight other issues involving the plaintiff, although the plaintiff had been found innocent by the jury thereon.
If a verdict of a jury, after a two weeks’ trial, on twenty-nine separate and distinct issues of fact submitted to them for determination may be set aside when the trial judge excludes any question as to the verdicts being against the weight of evidence when there is no error of law asserted and no bias, nor prejudice, nor corruption on the part of the jury is claimed, “ the guaranty [of a jury trial] is hardly worth preserving,” (Ridgely v. Taylor & Co., 126 App. Div. 303.)
*84Since section 443 of the Civil Practice Act authorizes the separate trial of one or more issues of fact in a case no obstacle lies opposed to a separate trial of issues upon which the jury has not reached agreement. That section states the rule:
“ 3. The court, in its discretion, may order one or more issues to be separately tried prior to any trial of the other issues in the case.”
“ The' Constitution does not provide, and there should not be interpolated into it a provision, that all of the issues, even though completely separate' and distinct, must be tried at one and the same time. No amount of analysis will disclose any such protection or benefit to a litigant in having all of the issues submitted to a single jury as will render such a right one of the essential ones secured by the Constitution.” (Smith v. Western Pacific R. Co., 203 N. Y. 504.)
In the case last cited, the view was expressed by the Court of Appeals, in approval of a similar course, that in a partition action where several distinct and independent issues had been submitted to the jury, one of them incorrectly and the others correctly, a new trial might be granted as to the one without retrial of the others.
The procedure to judgment is simple and resolves itself into this method: Upon the retrial of the two issues upon which a disagreement was had, if the plaintiff prevails on her charge she will have added nothing to her right to a judgment of divorce than that which she already has by reason of the finding on the two issues in her favor. If the plaintiff, however, should prevail on the issue in which she is charged by the defendant with adultery, and verdict be rendered in her favor thereon, she will have a clear right to apply at Special Term for the interlocutory judgment. If she be defeated on the issue which charges her with adultery, the defendant will, nevertheless, be unable to obtain a judgment against her since her verdict on issues against him of adultery precludes a judgment for either, and the parties remain where the law found them since they would be, in that case, in pari delictu. If there be disagreement again, the parties may retry such issues as are not answered by the jury until the final determination results, or the parties withdraw their respective issues.
The resettled order of the Supreme Court, dated February 13, 1930, setting aside the verdicts of the jury, declaring a mistrial, and directing a new trial of all the issues in the case, should be reversed, with costs, and the twenty-nine verdicts of the jury reinstated.
Merrell, J., concurs.
Order affirmed.