Walz v. Paul Helfer, Inc.

Untermyer, J.

(dissenting). The plaintiff entered the defendant’s store at about half past ten of the morning of April 3, 1939, to make the final payment on a vacuum cleaner previously purchased by her. As she approached the counter where such payments are received she slipped and fell, sustaining the injuries for which this action is maintained. The plaintiff testified that the fall was caused by soap and water applied by the defendant’s porter, then engaged in washing the floor. She testified that she had not observed the porter, who was then working at the left of the counter, nor had she observed that the floor was wet.

The trial was before the court without a jury. At the conclusion of the plaintiff’s case the court reserved decision on the defendant's motion to dismiss the complaint and the defendant proceeded to introduce its evidence. Before the defendant had concluded, however, and before the plaintiff had been afforded an opportunity to offer evidence in rebuttal or had rested her case, the court dismissed the complaint on the ground that no negligence on the part of the defendant had been shown. We must, therefore, assume that the dismissal of the complaint was upon the defendant’s motion made at the conclusion of the plaintiff’s case on which decision had been reserved and that accordingly the plaintiff is entitled to the most favorable inference to be drawn from the facts.

In dismissing the complaint the court stated that the dismissal was not upon any theory of contributory negligence but that the conduct of the defendant in washing the floor with soap and water, though during the usual horns of business, did not constitute negligence. It. is true that the rule is now established that the use of soap and water in washing stairs or floors, under many circumstances, does not constitute an act of negligence. (Curtiss v. Lehigh Valley R. R. Co., 233 N. Y. 554; Wigdorowitz v. Abrahams, 237 App. Div. 81; Samuels v. Terry Holding Co., Inc., 227 id. 68; affd., 253 N. Y. 593.) But these were cases where the premises of necessity were accessible to tenants of the building or to the public at all hours of the day and night and where accordingly the risk was unavoidable if the premises were to be cleaned at all. Other decisions, however, to some extent, have relaxed the rule in the presence of special circumstances. (Eisenberg v. Kemp, Inc., 256 App. Div. 698; McDonald v. Liggett Co., 241 id. 913.) If it be true as the Court of Appeals has said that the owner of a store, after notice, must use care to remedy conditions which had become dangerous ” on account of water brought in from the street (Miller v. Gimbel Bros., Inc., 262 N. Y. 107), then it would seem that the triers of the facts might properly conclude that the owner should not create a similar condition if it could be prevented *680by the exercise of reasonable care. (Thompson v. Palladino, 250 App. Div. 817; affd., 275 N. Y. 633.)

Although the use of soap and water in cleaning floors or stairs may not, therefore, under all conditions be found to constitute negligence, we think that a jury, or a judge exercising the functions of a jury, might decide that reasonable measures should be taken to mitigate the danger inherent in such an operation. (Simpson v. Mary Lee Candies, Inc., Court of Appeals of Ohio, Ninth Judicial District, 2 Negligence Cases, 756.) Had the court in the present case weighed the necessity of maintaining the premises in a clean condition against the danger to be apprehended, it might have concluded that an obligation rested on the defendant to wash the floor before or after business hours rather than when the public was invited to its premises on the implied assurance that they were reasonably safe. ' (Haefeli v. Woodrich Engineering Co., 255 N. Y. 442.) In the dissenting opinion in Curtiss v. Lehigh Valley R. R. Co. (194 App. Div. 931), on which the Court of Appeals reversed (233 N. Y. 554), relied on by the respondent, Justice Kellogg rejected the contention that the floor of the defendant’s railroad station should have been washed at a different time of the day, only for the reason that no other time would have been more appropriate or less dangerous.

We do not suggest that a jury, or a court sitting as a jury, must necessarily conclude that the acts of the defendant constituted negligence. We only insist that the question of the defendant’s negligence and the plaintiff’s contributory negligence should have been decided as an issue of fact.

The judgment should be reversed and a new trial ordered.

Glennon, J., concurs.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.