When this case was in Department the opinion hereto attached was prepared by Mr. Commissioner Britt, and after further consideration we are satisfied with the conclusion therein reached. For the reasons given in that opinion the *479judgment is reversed, with directions to the court below to dismiss the proceeding:
“The parties here were opposing candidates for the office of supervisor of supervisor district No. 4, in Lassen county, at the election held November 3, 1896. In the total poll Brownell had two votes more than his opponent, and received a certificate of election accordingly. In Pitt river precinct of said district, thirty-two votes were cast for said office, those for Brownell exceeding those for Packwood by six; so that if the return from this precinct were thrown out Packwood would be elected. The latter instituted the present proceeding to contest the election, alleging in his written statement, filed as required by section 1115 of the Code of Civil Procedure, malconduct on the part of the board of judges of election at Pitt river precinct. The contestee moved the court below, under section 1122 of the code, to dismiss the proceeding on the ground of insufficiency of the causes 'of contest set out in said statement, and that it showed no ground for rejecting the returns from said precinct. The motion was denied, and a trial was had with the result that the court rejected the vote of said precinct and adjudged that Packwood had been duly elected.
“The question we find most exigent on appeal is whether the court erred in denying the said motion of the contestee to dismiss. The following are the specifications of malconduct contained in the statement: fl. That the said board of judges of election of Pitt river precinct did not open the polls at sunrise of said day of election nor keep the polls open for the length of time required by law; 2. That said board .... allowed certain persons to vote at said polls on said day of election whose names did not appear on the precinct register of said Pitt river precinct; 3. That all of the members of the board .... were not present during all of the time that the polls were held open, and that votes were received during the absence of certain members of said board of election.’ We shall consider these in their inverse order.
“As to the third specification, it is enough to say that the law does not require that all the members of the board shall be present during all the time that voting is in progress. As to the second, it is wholly insufficient in that it fails to state that *480the alleged illegal votes were received through some fraud,, conspiracy, mistake, or negligence of the hoard, infecting theirproeeedings or discrediting their presumptive integrity, and in failing to show that there are no practicable means of ascertaining the true vote—of 'purging the poll’; the mere fact that. illegal votes are received is no ground for rejecting the whole vote of a precinct. (Russell v. McDowell, 83 Cal. 77, 79; Whipley v. McKune, 12 Cal. 352; McCrary on Elections, secs. 523, 524.)
“The first ground of contest is the main subject of dispute - by counsel. Its gist is that the board did not open the polls at sunrise; the averment following—that the polls were not kept open for the length of time required by law—is a conclusion only, and adds no force to the charge. Section 1160 of the Political Code requires the polls to be opened at sunrise of the morning of the day of election. We may admit that the pro- • vision is mandatory, but even mandatory provisions of the election law are to be liberally construed. (Jennings v. Brown, 114 Cal. 307.) How is the time of sunrise within the meaning of' the statute to be determined? If by observation of the appearance of the sun’s disk above the horizon of the polling place,. then the occurrence of clouds or fog must make the legal time to open the poll a matter of guess. If the polling place is in a valley among mountains, it may be sunrise on the neighboring summits while it is yet shadow in the valley. If the time is to be fixed by reference to an almanac, then, since in the month of ¡November the sun rises later or earlier accordingly as we reckon north or south of any point, accuracy can be attained only by consulting tables calculated for the exact latitude of the precinct. These considerations illustrate the difficulty, perhaps the impossibility, which may be encountered in the attempt to determine the lawful time for opening the polls at a given precinct. Therefore, it must be from the nature and necessity of the case that the legislature intended that some margin, even though narrow, should be allowed for honest effort to comply • with the statute, and did not intend that the vote of any pre- • cinct should be invalidated because the polls were not open at • the very instant of sunrise. Therefore, further, if any person seeks to take advantage, of omission in this regard, he must a!- - *481lege some delay sufficient to show a transgression oí the statute inconsistent with an honest and intelligent endeavor to ohey its command, or that the violation of its letter on which he relies' has operated to obstruct the full and fair expression of the suffrage of the precinct. This conclusion results from the elementary principle that in pleading, a party must allege the ultimate facts which he must prove; here the statement shows that thirty-two votes were polled at the election held in Pitt river precinct, and the bald fact relied on to invalidate it is that the polls were not opened at sunrise; we are unwilling Oto allow that proof of this and no more would justify the disfranchisement of the precinct. The authorities most pertinent to the subject support our view. (Cleland v. Porter, 74 Ill. 76; 24 Am. Rep. 273; Soper v. Sibley County, 46 Minn. 276; Holland v. Davies, 36 Ark. 450; People v. Cook, 8 N. Y. 91-93; 59 Am. Dec. 451; McCrary on Elections, sec. 165.) A contrary doctrine would, we are strongly disposed to think, dead to more fraud than it would prevent.’ (Atkinson v. Lorbeer, 111 Cal. 421.) The judgment should be reversed, with directions to the court below to dismiss the proceeding.”
Justice Henshaw took no part in the decision of this case.
Harrison, J., and Temple, J., dissented.