[After stating facts.]—The position taken in the appellant’s points are, first, that compulsory references are a violation of the constitutional guaranty of the right of trial by jury; and, second, that this being an action, as it is said, to recover a single item, it is impossible that there could have been a long account.
It is difficult to conceive that these objections are seriously made. The practice of referring issues, the trial of which would require the examination of a long account, had prevailed, by the practice of the courts, if not since the establishment of the State government, certainly from the time whereof the memory of the profession runneth not to the contrary, when the last constitution" was adopted. 'The provision of that instrument, as well as of the prior State constitutions, respecting the trial by jury, was not that it should be used in all cases, but that in all cases in which it had been theretofore used it should remain inviolate forever. Const, of 1845, § 2. That language was, without doubt, employed for the purpose of retaining, or allowing the legislature to retain, the other modes of trial which it had been the practice to resort to in exceptional cases.
If it were conceded that we could, on an appeal from a judgment, examine the evidence upon which an order for reference had been made, which is a point not necessary to be decided, we could not do so in this case, where the affidavits read on the motion for the reference have not been returned. The action being upon contract, it might or might not require the examination of a long account, and we are to presume that *486the evidence produced on the motion authorised .the order which was made. If we look into the. complaint and' the evidence upon the trial contained in this case, it will he apparent that the issue was one-to which a reference was peculiarly applicable.
The appeal was wholly" without merits, and the judgment . appealed from ought to be affirmed, with damages for the delay.
T. A. Johnson, J.There is manifestly nothing in either'of these cases which this court can review. The actions are all between attorney and client, to., recover compensation for services rendered, and disbursements, made professionally.
' There is no exception to the report of the referee, and no question was raised in the course of the trial on which any point is made by the appellant’s ..counsel.
The only ground of error alleged is, that the cause was improperly referred to be tried and determined. . It is claimed on behalf of the appellant that the court had. no authority to refer, and that the order of reference is wholly void, and gave referee no jurisdiction, and consequently the report and the judgment rendered upon it are wholly void. The appeal has .evidently been brought to this cpurt for the purpose merely of having the order of reference reviewed. °B.ut it is quite obvious that that order can not be reviewed in this way here. It is not an order involving the merits and necessarily affecting the judgment within section 329 of the code,.and is not brought up by a general appeal from the judgment. It involves a mere question of practice and nothing more. There is.no ground whatever for the assumption that the action was taken out of court by. the reference, and all jurisdiction over it thereby, lost. These are all cases which might have been properly referred, upon the necessary facts being shown. The presumption is that the necessary facts were shown, as nothing appears in the case to the contrary. Nothing appears in either of the cases on the subject' of the reference, at the time it was made, except the rule by which it was ordered. The rule recites in each case that the ^ reference was made “ on reading and filing affidavits showing cause therefor.”' The presumption is, therer *487fore, that sufficient cause was shown to authorize the reference, Nothing is presumed here in, favor of the party alleging error, but the error must appear upon the record.. Carman v. Pultz, 21 N. Y. 547. There is not even an exception to the decision granting the order. S.o that if the appeal brought up the decision granting the, order of reference for review, it would necessarily be sustained as.theease stands. I think the appeals are wholly without merit or excuse, and that judgment should be affirmed, with all, the allowance which the law authorizes.
All the judges- .concurred
Judgment affirmed, with costs, and ten per cent, damages.