Hungerford's Bank v. Postdam & Watertown Railroad

Mason, J.

This loan was made by the plaintiff to the defendant, the Potsdam and Watertown Bailroad Company, and the other defendants were accommodation indorsers of the note. This note in suit was given in renewal of another note of the same amount, discounted by the plaintiff for the defendant, the Potsdam and Watertown Bailroad Company. I find that the note in suit was given upon an agreement made between the plaintiff and the said Bailroad Company, by which the plaintiff intended to get, and did get more than seven per cent, for the loan or forbearance of money. (The Seneca County Bank a. Schermerhorn, 1 Den., 133; The Bank of the United States a. Davis and others, 2 Hill, 457; 7 Paige, 559; 17 Ves., 444; Carr & P., 101; 3 Barn. & C., 276; 2 Parsons on Cont., 384, 385, 390; 19 J. R., 294.)

The contract, however, was a valid one as between the plaintiff and the principal debtor, the Potsdam and Watertown Bail-road Company ; for the act of April 6, 1850 (see Session Laws, 344), must be constmed as a virtual repeal of the statutes of usury, as to all contracts made by such corporations, stipulating to pay more than seven per cent, interest. (Curtis and others a. Leavitt, receiver, 15 N. Y. R., 9, 85, 154, 174, 228, 229, and *126230 ; John F. Butterworth a. O’Brien, 7 Abbotts’ Pr. R., 456 ; S. C., 16 How. Pr. R., 503.) There would be no doubt that the defence of usury is made out in this case, were it not that this contract of loan was made to the defendant, the Potsdam and Watertown Bailroad Company; as between that corporation and the plaintiff, the contract is valid, although here was an agreement to pay more than seven per cent, for the loan or forbearance of money. The only remaining question is whether these defendants, who are mere accommodation indorsers for this corporation, can set up this defence of usury.

The rule is a familiar one, that a contract can only be avoided for usury by the party who made it, or by some one standing in legal privity with him, and not by a stranger to the transaction. (Dix a. Yan Wick, 2 Hill, 524 and 525 ; Green a. Morse, 4 Barb., 341.) These indorsers, although not actual recipients of the money loaned, or in the strictest sense a party to the contract of loan, yet they are, as indorsers of this note, privies to the original contract, and liable upon it equally with the principal who borrowed the money; and, as privies, they have a right to set up any defence which the principal could. But when the contract is valid between the principal debtor and lender., I do not think the accommodation indorsers can say the contract is illegal as to him.

These indorsers have made no contract of loan with the plaintiff; as indorsers they are privies to the original contract of loan made by the defendant, the principal debtor. If I am right in this, then these indorsers are but nothing more than privies to a valid contract made by their principal, and of course cannot set up this defence of usury, when their principal debtor could not. This result is inevitable, unless we hold that these accommodation indorsers are to be deemed borrowers from the plaintiff, and each to have an independent contract with the plaintiff, or unless we hold them actual parties to contract of loan, neither of which can they strictly be regarded. In one sense they are parties to the original contract—that is, they are equally liable upon the note with the maker, and are parties to the note, but they have no defence which the maker has not.

The plaintiff is entitled to recover in this action against these indorsers, the amount of this note, which amounts, principal *127and interest, to the sum of five thousand four hundred and sixty-six dollars and sixty-six cents, and for which sum I order-judgment for the plaintiff, with costs to be taxed.