To obtain the writ of mandamus the applicant must show that it was the duty of the person against whom the writ is demanded to perform the act required of him, that he has been requested to perform such act, and has refused so to do. In this case a request and refusal to perform are shown; and the sole question is as to the duty of the register in the premises. The statute provides that a mortgage shall be discharged by the officer having the custody of the record,- “ whenever there shall be presented to him a certificate, signed by the mortgagee, his personal representatives or assigns, acknowledged or proved and certified, &c.” (3 R. S. 5th ed. p. 57, § 60.) The only papers before the register in this case, upon which he was required to act, were the record of the mortgage and the certificate of satisfaction. He had no right or authority to inquire into, or take cognizance of, any facts not appearing from those two papers. It is undoubtedly well settled, as is contended by the counsel for the relator, that executors are considered but one person in law, *614and the acts of one, in relation to the personal property of the testator, are deemed the acts of all; and that a certificate of satisfaction made hy one of several executors is sufficient to discharge of record a mortgage made to their testator. (Wheeler v. Wheeler, 9 Cowen, 34. Stuyvesant v. Hall, 2 Barb. Ch. R. 151.) It has also been held by the court of last resort in this state, that one of two executors can make a valid assignment of a mortgage executed to them as executors, to secure part of the consideration for the land in the mortgage described, which land was of the testator, and was sold by said executors pursuant to the provisions of, and authority given by, the will. (Bogert v. Hertell, 4 Hill, 492.) In the last mentioned case, all the facts were, in due form, presented, by pleadings and proofs, to" the court, which was thereupon required to determine a question of right between the parties then before it; and if, upon all the facts recited in this alternative mandamus, duly presented and proved, it was to be determined by the court as between parties properly before it, whether or not the executor, who signed and acknowledged the certificate of satisfaction now in question, had power to receive payment of and discharge this mortgage made to him and his co-executors, the last mentioned case would be authority for an affimative decision.
But such is not the aspect of the' case now before me. The relator made the mortgage in question, and is interested in procuring it to be discharged. The respondent is a public officer, bound to perform the duty imposed on him by law, and, it is to be presumed, willing to perform it properly. Upon a certificate purporting to have been executed and acknowledged by one of three mortgagees, described as executors, he is requested to discharge a mortgage made to them. Ueither the record of the mortgage nor the certificate shows for what purpose the mortgagees received or held the mortgage ; whether for their own benefit, or as trustees upon an express trust created by the will of the testator, or for any other purpose, From the record it appears, that the mortgage was *615made to secure part of the purchase money for the premises therein described, then conveyed by the mortgagees to the relator; but of any other facts in relation to the origin of the mortgage, or the purpose for which it was made, or the persons interested therein, the respondent, as a public officer, had and could have no information upon which in discharging his duty as such officer he could act. He is presumed to have known, as matter of law, that if the mortgage was part of the personal property belonging to the estate of the testator, held by the mortgagees as executors only, then one of said mortgagees had power to discharge it of record; but if the words “executors &c.” following the names of the mortgagees in the mortgage were only words of description, and said mortgagees owned and held said mortgage as tenants in common of a chattel for their own personal benefit; or if they held the same upon an express trust to be executed by the three, in either of such cases the certificate of one would not authorize the satisfaction of the mortgage upon the record. Without the authority of any judicial decision of the question by any court, this, as is shown by the return to the alternative mandamus, has been the construction given to the law, and the practice, in the register's office in this city for the last thirty years. In the recent case of Peck v. Mallams, (6 Selden, [10 N. Y. Rep.] 509,) it Was held that a mortgage made to “T. B. acting executor of the estate of T. T. deceased,” was prima facie the private property of T. B. in his own right, and the words “acting executor, &c.” were only words of description.
[New York Special Term, October 27, 1860.Bonney, Justice.]
In my opinion the register properly refused to satisfy the mortgage in question, upon the certificate, which was presented to him, and is entitled to judgment on the demurrer to his return to this alternative mandamus. The question is important, and will, I presume, be carried to the general term, for further consideration.