By section 304 of the Code, costs are allowed, of course, to the plaintiff, upon a recovery in an action for the recovery of money, when he recovers fifty dollars or more, and, by section 305, the defendant is entitled to costs, of course, in the actions mentioned in section 304, unless the plaintiff be entitled to costs therein. The action in this case is one of those mentioned in section 304, and the defendant was entitled to costs, of course, unless such right is affected and controlled by section 306. In that section it is declared, “In other actions costs may be' allowed or ■ not, in the discretion of the court. In all actions where there are several defendants not united in interest, and making separate defences by separate answers, and the plaintiff fails to recover judgment against all, the ■ court may award costs to such of the defendants as have judgment in their favor, or any of them.”
Prior to the amendment of 1851, the last clause of this section above given read, “ when there are several defendants,” &c. The amendment consisted in substituting the words," “In all actions where,” for the word “when.” In Decker *104agt. Gardiner and another (4 Seld. 29), it was held by the court of appeals, that in an action of tort against two, and one of the defendants had a verdict, and the plaintiff a verdict against the other defendant, the defendant prevailing was entitled to costs, of -course, under section 305 of the Code. This case was decided in 1853, but the question arose prior to the amendment of 1851.
In Daniels agt. Lyons and others (5 Seld. 549), alike decision was made in a like case, where the defendants had joined in a single answer. This case was decided in 1854, but it appears from the', opinion of Johnson, J., that the question arose under the Code of 1849. I am not aware that any decision has been made by the court of appeals, giving construction to this section of the Code, since the amendment of 1851. I have been of the opinion that the amendment of 1851, substituting the words, “ in all actions where,” for the word “ when,” had not changed substantially the meaning of the section. But decisions have been made to the contrary, and I am inclined to think them correct.
In Buckley agt. Bush and another, the superior court of New-York held, that in an action for a malicious prosecution against several, the allowance of costs to a defendant who has answered separately, and succeeds upon the trial, rests wholly in the discretion of the court. This decision was made in April, 1853.
In Butler agt. Morris, &c. (1 Bosworth’s R.), the action was against two joint makers of promissory notes. The defendants answered separately. Morris put in the plea of infancy, and succeeded upon this issue at the trial. The superior court of Hew-York expressed the opinion, that the chapter of the Revised Statutes, which includes the provision precluding one of several defendants in an action upon contract, against whom the plaintiff should fail to recover, from recovering costs, unless a certificate be given by the court, &c., that such defendant was unnecessarily and unreasonably made a party to the action, is superseded by the Code. And the court held that, under section 306, as amended in 1851, the judge at the trial could permit the plaintiff to discontinue the action without *105costs: The effect of the decision is, that now the costs in all actions, where one of several defendants, not united in interest, &c., succeeds against the plaintiff, are subject to the award of the court.
In Williams agt. Horgan and Horgan (13 How. 138), Judge Slossox held, that by the amendment of 1851, the costs of one of several defendants not- united in interest, &c., against whom the plaintiff fails to recover, could not be claimed as a right, but were in the discretion of the court whether the action were legal or equitable.
In Cuyler agt. Coats and Coats (10 How. 141), the action was upon a joint contract. One of the defendants pleaded infancy, and succeeded upon the trial. He entered judgment for his costs, and a motion was made to set it aside. The motion was denied by Justice Welles at special term. He referred to Hinds agt. Myers and others (4 How. 356), as settling the question of the right of a defendant, who succeeds, to costs, when the plaintiff recovers against some of them, and fails as to others. He takes no notice of the amendment to section 306, though the decision was made in 1854, and it does not appear that the attention of the learned judge was called to the fact that the language of the second clause of the section had been changed.
I have noticed all the cases bearing upon the question referred to by the counsel, or which have come under my notice. The weight of authority is in favor of the position, that the legislature by the amendment of 1851, in section 306, intended to include all actions, whether of a legal or equitable nature, where the circumstances mentioned in that clause of the section existed, and without expressing* any opinion whether the provision of the .Eevised Statutes above referred to (2 R. S. 616, § 20) is superseded, I am prepared to concur in the construction given by the superior court of the city of HewYorlc to the second clause of section 306, so far as the question now under consideration is involved. It follows that the judgment in favor of the defendant Wolf, for his costs, entered without any award of the court, was irregular, and that it *106should be set aside, and he must be left to make application to the court for an award of costs.
The order of the special term should be reversed, and the motion granted setting aside the judgment, but without costs.