delivered the opinion of the Court,. The premises jn question having been sold and conveyed to the- • lessor of the plaintiff by the comptroller, for the non-payment of taxes, charged in the years 1811, and 1812, and the defendant having proved, on the trial, that the said taxes had been paid to the collector of Oxford, in each of those years, the question to be decided is, whether any title was acquired by the plaintiff’s purchase ?
The sale was made in consequence of a return, that the whole of lot No. 6. was chargeable with the tax. This was a mistake of the assessors ; for that part of the lot, including the premises, had been assessed separately, and the taxes paid.
The comptroller was justified in selling, for he must be governed by the returns before him; the conveyance will be conclusive evidence that the sale was regular.
The statute declares that the conveyance shall vest an absolute estate in fee simple in the purchaser; which it does, if the tax has not been paid; but if, it has been paid, then no estate passes by the sale, for the statute intended to divest the title.of the former owner, for non- payment of the tax, and for that only; and it must be so construed. The title acquired by the purchaser is contingent, so far as it may be affected by establishing the fact that the tax had been paid before the sale was made. This is an implied condition annexed to every grant of this kind, founded on a sound construction of the law, with which' the purchaser is presumed to be acquainted; — he purchases subject to this risk, and if his title is defeated, he must look to the state for the relief which such a case requires. By the 17th section of the act, (2 N. R. L. 515.) the tax laid is declared to be a lien on the land; and, if not paid within a.certain time, the comptroller is authorised to sell. The right to sell is founded upon the fact of non-payment; the returns made to the comptroller are not conclusive evidence of the fact, but only prima facie, and such as will justify him, as an officer, in the discharge of his duty. The validity of the sale and conveyance are necessarily to depend on the contingency of nonpayment; when this is drawn in question, it is competent to prove payment, and by so doing, no rule of law is violated; *443it is not permitting parol evidence to impugn or destroy a written contract, but is consistent with the deed; and if the deed is thereby defeated, it arises upon the proof of a fact, upon which, by law, the operation of the deed was made to depend, at the time it was executed.
The principle laid down in the case of Stead's Executors v. Course, (4 Cranch, 403.) applies to the present case. The question was, whether the collector had acted in conformity to the law from which his power was derived, and it was decided, that it was incumbent on the vendee to prove the authority to sell. The Court say, “ it would be going too far to say, that a collector, selling land with, or without authority, could, by his conveyance, transfer the title of the rightful proprietor.”
I understand this, as applying not only to a case where the officer deviates from the course prescribed by the law, but, also, where he has acted regularly according to the facts before him ; yet, upon subsequent inquiry, it is ascertained, that the tax supposed to be due, and which alone authorizes a sale, has been satisfied.
Motion for a new trial denied.