The opinion of the learned justice who decided this case is quite satisfactory. We should think nothing further needed, if the appellants had not so strongly urged that there was no executed gift. Their argument rests on the fact that John 0. Beaver continued in possession of the pass-book. Bow, (assuming that the money was originally the property of John O.,) the thing given was the money, not the book. John 0. parted with possession of the money, and put it under the control of Asahei. Asahei could draw the money, and could give a valid receipt therefor; that is, as soon ,as he was of age. Before that time his guardian could do the same. But it may be said he could not draw it without possession of the pass-book. This provision is for the security of the bank, which might be liable to a person to whom the bank-book had been assigned. Warhus v. Bank, 21 N. Y. 543; Bank v. Bank, 5 Hun, 605. But it has nothing to do with the question of *589title to the money. For instance, one holding a certificate of deposit payable on its return is the owner of the money deposited. Yet to obtain that money he needs possession of the certificate. But further still “the pass-book is not negotiable paper, and its possession constitutes of itself no evidence of a right to draw money thereon. ” Smith v. Bank, 101 N. Y. 58, 4 N. E. Rep. 123. In Martin v. Funk, 75 N. Y. 134, a deposit was made by A. in her name, “in trust for B.” A. kept the pass-book and drew the interest till her death, and B. was ignorant of the deposit. It was held that the deposit belonged to B. How, it was not claimed that there was any active trust. A. had no-duties to discharge in managing the property, and the decision really was that the deposit belonged to B.
In the present case, if John 0. had deposited the money in his own name, in trust for Asahel, we should have had the very circumstances of Martin v. Funk. But John 0. did more. He did not retain even the nominal title to the deposit, giving Asahel the beneficiary interest. He put the whole title in Asahel. In Martin v. Funk the retaining of the pass-book was said to be as trustee. Here it may properly be said to have been as friend or natural guardian. And we must notice in regard to Massachusetts eases that Martin v. Bunk is not in harmony with Massachusetts decisions. But it is our law, and it is thoroughly sound common sense, like everything else which came from the learned judge who wrote the opinion. It seems to be conclusive, from the case of Mabie v. Bailey, 95 N. Y. 206, that John 0. could not have drawn out this money, even though he was in possession of the pass-book. In Scott v. Harbeck, 49 Hun, 292, 1 N. Y. Supp. 788, money stood in a savings bank in the name of defendant’s testatrix, in trust for plaintiff. The deceased drew it out, and used it. Her estate was held liable, although plaintiff had no knowledge of the trust. Another suggestion may be made. Suppose no pass-book had been issued, or suppose, as is sometimes the practice, the bank had kept the custody of the pass-book. Would there be any doubt then that the deposit belonged to Asahel? The pass-book is a mere voucher, —mere evidence against the bank. The rights of the parties rest in the terms of the deposit shown on .the books of the bank, and duplicated in the passbook. For these reasons, and on the opinion of the learned justice, the judgment should be aflirmed, with costs.
Ingalls, J., concurs.
Landon, J. I concur, not without doubt.