(dissenting.) This is an appeal from an order continuing an action for assault and battery against the trustees of an incorporated company after the expiration of the time limited for its continuance in its articles of incorporation. The action was commenced on the 19th day of October, 1889, and the charter of the Union Ferry Company expired by limitation of the time specified in its charter on the 9th day of November, 1890. On the 23d day of May, 1891, a motion was made at the special term to revive and continue this action against the directors of the corporation who were in office at the time of its dissolution, and an order to that effect was made on the 30th day of July, 1891, from which the defendant has appealed. Under the common law there was no provision for winding up the affairs of a dissolved corporation, but its personal property was forfeited to the crown, and the real property of which it was seised at the time of its dissolution reverted to the grantor. But that severe rule of the common law was unsuited to modern times, and especially to this country, and with us it was ameliorated by our statute as follows: “Upon the dissolution of any corporation created or to be created, and unless other persons shall be appointed by the legislature or by some court of competent authority, the directors or managers of the affairs of such corporation at the time of its dissolution, by whatever name they may be known in law, shall be trustees of the creditors and stockholders of the corporation dissolved, and shall have full power to settle the affairs of the corporation, collect and pay the outstanding debts, and divide among the stockholders the moneys and other property that shall remain after the payment of debts and necessary expenses.” 1 Rev. St. p. 600, §§ 8, 9. Then the law of 1832, to prevent the abatement of suits by or against corporations, was enacted, and while it was in force all suits and proceedings against corporations which had been dissolved, which were pending at the time of such aid-solution, could be continued until final judgment, with the same effect upon the rights of the parties as if such corporation had not been dissolved. Laws 1832, c. 295, § 4. But that statute was expressly repealed in 1880. Chapter 245, Laws 1880, p. 369, § 10. It does not appear that any other persons have been appointed either by the legislature or by any court, and we therefore assume that the directors of this corporation at the time of its dissolution are, by virtue of the statute quoted, trustees of the creditors and stockholders of the company, with the powers conferred upon them by the statute. They are therefore trustees of the creditors and stockholders of the company, with power to collect and pay the outstanding debts, and divide the money and property which shall remain after the payment of debts and necessary expenses among the stockholders. But they are not trustees of the plaintiff, because he is neither a creditor nor a stockholder of the company. The corporation never owed him any money, and nothing was ever due to him from it; and the directors of this company possessed no power to pay him, although they are clothed with ample authority to pay outstanding debts of the corpo*694ration. A cause of action for a tort is not an indebtedness, and it would be contrary to all the analogies of the law to consider it so. If it was a debt, it would survive the death of the claimant; whereas the universal rule is that it dies with him. It required a special statute to enable actions for wrongs to the property rights or interests of another to be maintained against the executors or administrators of a deceased wrong-doer, and from that statute is expressly excepted actions for slander, libel, assault and battery, false imprisonment, and actions for injuries to the person. 3Kev. St. (5th Ed.)p. 746, §§ 1, 2. The claim of the plaintiff is not assignable, as it would be if it created a liability against the company. So it required a statute to prevent the abatement of an action for the recovery of damages for personal injuries by the death of a party after verdict or decision. Code, § 764. Provision is made by law for the enforcement of payment of liabilities of deceased persons by a sale of their real property, but that law could never be applied in favor of a person who held an unliquidated claim for damages sounding in tort.
The argument of the plaintiff that his claim is against the property of the defendant, and founded on contract, is built up on the theory that the law implied an undertaking on the part of the defendant to protectthe plaintiff from injury arising from the misconduct of its servants while in the performance-of a duty which the defendant owed to him during the continuance of the relation of passenger and carrier between the plaintiff and the defendant; and, because the defendant was bound to use ordinary care for his safety while he was'such passenger, the misconduct of the servant of the defendant was a. breach of the contract of the defendant. So far as this assumption embodies the law, it is correct, but the deduction made from it by the plaintiff is not legitimate. It is assumed that the relation of passenger and carrier existed between the plaintiff and defendant, not because the fact is conceded, but because that is the most favorable view for the plaintiff; and it is in consequence of such relation that the defendant becomes responsible for the wrongful áct of its servant. An assault ánd battery was committed upon the plaintiff by a servant of the defendant, and, if thé plaintiff had not been a passenger of the defendant, the company would have incurred no liability, for the act; but because the plaintiff was a passenger the defendant is responsible for the assault and battery, and the action of the plaintiff is for the wrong per-, petrated upon him. The assault furnishes the plaintiff with a cause of ac-. tian, and his suit is based thereon. In the case of Stewart v. Railroad Co., 90 N. Y. 590, it was the object of the court to show in the opinion that com-, mon carriers were responsible for injuries resulting to passengers from the negligence and willful misconduct of their servants while engaged in the per-, formance of duties which the carrier owes to the passengers, and to manifest, the reasons for such responsibility. The court there decided that willful mis-t. conduct of the servant imposed the same liability as negligence, but that ac-. tian was for a personal assault upon the plaintiff, and there is nothing in the. case which conflicts with the views we have expressed, and nothing to indicate that the court considered the action itself to be based upon contract. In, that case, as in this, the damages are claimed for the wrong, and not for a breach of contract. It would be considered a great abuse of legal terms, if-not a perversion of law, to say that an equitable action in behalf of a judg-. ment creditor to set aside a conveyance for the fraud of the judgment debtor-in its execution was an action in tort, because it was based upon fraud, and_ fraud is a- wrong; and yet it would be equally as plausible as the argument, of the plaintiff. It seems plain, therefore, that the plaintiff is not a creditor-of this corporation, and that his action is not based upon contract in any legal sense. It is equally plain that the statute which constitutes the directors trus„. tees of the creditors and stockholders of the dissolved corporation is not sufficiently comprehensive to include this cause of action among the liabilities to ]be discharged by such trustees. These trustees are no more than the ap*695pointed executors of the dead corporation, and, as the cause of action does not survive the death of the company, the suit cannot be continued against the trustees. There is no provision in the Code for the continuance of an action after the death of a sole plaintiff or a sole defendant, unless the cause of action survives, and, as this suit is based upon a cause of action which does not continue after the death of either party, there is no provision for its continuance. The order should be reversed, with $10 costs and disbursements, and the motion should be denied, with $10 costs.