By the Court.
Lumpkin, J.delivering the opinion.
- [1.] Notwithstanding the ingenious argument submitted by Mr. Jackson, the counsel for the- defendant in error, to the contrary, we think it well settled that, at Common Law, this action could not be maintainod. The doctrine upon this sub*368ject is tiras clearly and explicitly enunciated and reiterated by Judge Story.
“ Another illustration of the beneficial result' of Equity jurisdiction in cases of partnership, may be found in the not uncommon case of two firms dealing with each other, where some or all of the partners in one firm are partners with other persons in the other firm. Upon the technical principles of the Common Law in such cases, no suit can be maintained at L aw in regard to any transactions or debts between the two firms; for in such suit, all the partners must join and be joined, and no person can maintain a suit against himself and others. The objectionis, at Law, a complete bar to the action. Nay, even after the death of the partner or partners belonging to both firms, no action upon cmy contract or mutual dealing, ex contractu, is maintainable by the survivors of one firm against those of the other firm; for in legal view, there never was any subsisting contract between the firms, as a partner cannot contract with himself.” 1 Story’s Eq. Jur. §679.
It will be perceived that the reason assigned here against this proceeding, is one rather technical than otherwise. But the same author, in his work on Partnerships, gives this additional reason, which is more satisfactory, because it is not founded upon technical principles, namely, “ that until all the partnership concerns are ascertained and adjusted, it is impossible to know whether a partner be a debtor or a creditor of the firm, and that this knowledge is unattainable at Law.” Story on Partnership, §221.
I repeat, then, that in England it is clear, that Francis Spears could not contract a debt with the firm of Andros & Spears, of which he was a partner, which could bo enforced at Law by William Andros, the surviving partner, against the administrator of Francis Spears, the deceased partner; and that resort must be had to a Court of Equity, where all the parties in interest could be brought before the Court, as plaintiffs or as defendants, and where a full and final adjustment could be had of all the concerns between the parties. For in this form all contracts of a moral and legal nature are deemed *369obligatory, though void at Law. Courts of Equity in such cases are said to look behind the form of the transactions to their substance, for the purpose of administering substantial justice. 1 Story’s Eq. Ju. §680.
[2.] A suit at Law may be brought in this State, however, to enforce this contract, under the 53d section of the Judiciary Act of 1799, conferring Equity powers upon our Superior Courts, and the Amendatory Statute of 1820, which allows parties in all cases, to institute their action upon the Common Law side of the Court, where they conceive that they can establish their claim, without resorting to the conscience of the defendant.
[3.] Conceding, however, that the party is entitled to his legal remedy, can he recover this note without first showing, as he would have to do in Equity, that^it is properly due, after all the partnership concerns between Spears and the firm of Andres & Spears are ascertained and adjusted ? We think not. He cannot, by shifting the forum, relieve himself from this burden.
Another and an important inquiry is, whether, under the pleadings, as they now stand, namely, a simple action of debt •upon the note, the plaintiff will be permitted to go into a full account of the partnership concerns ? We submit this to the better judgment of 'the intelligent counsel who is managing this suit. If he should conclude that the pleadings are defective in this particular, they are'of course 'amendable. And in this viéw of it, we have deemed it best, and so adjudge, not to sustain the nonsuit, but to retain the cause, and allow it to proceed.
Judgment affirmed.