*292 By the Court.
Benning, J.delivering the opinion.
[1.] In the case of Chandelor vs. Lapus, error was “ brought in the Exchequer Chamber, because the declaration” contained “not matter sufficient to charge the defendant, viz : that he warranted it to he a hezoar-stone, or that he Itneio that it was not a hezoar-stone.”
“ And all the Justices and Barons, (besides Anderson) held, that for this cause it was error.” (1. Smith’s Lead. Cases, 77.)
This decision has been repeatedly affirmed; as far as I know, it has never, in England, been departed from.
See Smith’s note to Chandelor vs. Lapus. Of the cases affirming this decision, the last which I have noticed, is the case of Ormrod vs. Heeth and others, in the Exchequer Chamber. (14 M. & W. 651.) The head-note of that ease is as follows : “ where cotton Avas sold by sample, upon a representation that the bulk corresponded with tho sample, but no warranty Avas taken by the purchaser ; and the bulk of the cotton turned out to be of inferior quality, and to have been falsely packed, though not by the seller: Held, that an ac tion on the case for a false and fraudulent representation was .not maintainable, without showing that such representation Avas false, to the knoAvledge of the seller, or that he acted fraudulently or against good faith, in making it.” And the opinion delivered by Tindal, C. J. contains this passage : “The rule Avhich is to be derived from all the cases, appears to us to be, that where, upon the sale of goods, the purchaser is satisfied Avithout requiring a warranty, (Avhich is a matter for his own consideration,) he cannot recover upon a mere representation of the quality by the seller, unless he can show that the representation was bottomed on fraud. If, indeed, the representation Avas false, to the knoAvledge of the party making it, this would, in general, be conclusive evidence of fraud ; but if the representation was honestly made, and believed at tho time to be true by the party making it, though *293mot true in point, of fact, we think this does not amount to fraud in law, but that the rule of caveat emptor applies, and the representation, itself, does not furnish a ground of action. And although the cases may, in appearance, raise some difference as to the effect of a false assertion or representation of title in the seller, it will be found, on examination, that in each of those cases, there was either an assertion of title embodied in the contract or a representation of title, which was false to the knowledge of the seller.”
[1.] If these decisions.are evidence of what the law is, and we think they are, one of the charges of the Court below was wrong, viz: this, that if the defendant (below) made any representations which were untrue, and the plaintiff (below) was induced to purchase by reason of these representations, it was not necessary to be proven that the defendant knew them to be untrue, but that he wasrespoiisible for such representations, whether he knew them to be false or not.
We understand the other charge of the Court to moan no more than this: that because there is a written warranty, it does not necessarily follow that there may not be an action of deceit. The charge is, doubtless, so general that it might mislead; if the Court meant, by it, no more than what would be authorized by Baglehole vs. Watters, (3 Campbell,) and Pickering vs. Dawson, (4 Taunt. 785-’6) then we think it was all well enough. And see Dickson vs. Zizinia (2 Eng. Law and Eq. 314.) A written warranty, is not a projection to the seller against a fraud on his part.